可降解镁基金属的生物相容性研究进展

镁基金属以其良好的生物相容性、与骨组织匹配的力学性能以及在人体内可降解吸收等特点,成为极具临床应用前景的新型生物可降解植入材料,未来有望替代传统的医用金属材料(如不锈钢、钛合金等)应用于骨科内植入器件、心血管支架等领域。本文综合评述了近年来国内外可降解镁基金属的生物相容性研究进展,从合金化和表面改性2方面对镁基金属的体内外细胞相容性、血液相容性和组织相容性等相关研究进行了介绍,并对镁基金属未来在临床上的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。     

临床医用金属植入体及器械

临床医用材料是能够植入到生物体中与生物组织结合并修复的材料，或用于制造临床医用器械的材料。常见的临床医用金属材料包括不锈钢、钛合金、钴合金、锆合金、铝合金、可降解的镁合金和锌合金、形状记忆合金以及其他生物医用金属等。本文从材料属性分类类比到临床医用材料分类的具体涵义，聚焦临床医用金属类型及其相应的临床医用制品和器械，并用直观的视图展示了临床医用合金物化的典型代表，深入浅出描述了金属材料在临床中的应用，对临床医用金属材料的科学普及发挥巨大的作用，为交叉学科从业者进一步优化材料和性能设计奠定坚实的基础。     

生物医用金属材料研究现状与应用进展

生物医用金属材料又称医用金属材料或外科用金属材料,当生物医用金属材料广泛被用于植入材料时,长期的实用性与安全性便成为了对医用金属材料的第一要求。生物医用金属材料在临床上已经取得了广泛的应用,同时也具备重要的深入研究价值。文章综述了生物医用金属材料的最新研究进展,详细介绍了钛基、钴基、镁基、锆基、锌基、铝合金以及不锈钢、钨、贵金属等生物医用金属材料的研究与应用进展,展望了未来研究的发展方向及临床的应用前景。文章指出虽然生物医用金属材料在过去的几十年中已得到较快的发展,但在临床上广泛使用的仍然是有限的几种,因此加大新型医用金属材料的研究并推动其发展显得尤为必要。     

亚稳β钛合金在生物医学领域的研究进展

钛及钛合金因生物相容性优异、弹性模量低、综合力学性能良好及耐腐蚀性强被广泛应用于生物医学领域,成为继不锈钢、钴铬合金后最有前景的医用金属材料之一。本文从生物力学性能、生物耐腐蚀性及生物相容性和抗菌性角度出发,介绍了近10年来亚稳β型钛合金在生物医用领域的发展现状和研究进展,重点探讨了通过改变合金元素组成、热处理工艺及合金加工成型方法来改善β型钛合金生物力学性能的研究进展。     

植入金属和形状记忆合金

叙述了人体植入用金属材料发展的历史进程，介绍了医用不锈钢、钴铬合金、钛合金以及新型生物工程材料——形状记忆合金等金属的特性、国内外概况和临床应用实例。     

医用金属材料熔模铸造现状与展望

简述了不锈钢、钴基合金等常用医用金属材料的熔模铸造,从模料、耐火材料、粘结剂、熔炼技术等角度介绍了钛及钛合金熔模铸造的发展概况。对国内医用金属材料熔模铸造行业现状进行了分析,提出了我国医用熔模铸造的发展前景及对策。     

蛋白质作用下医用金属材料的腐蚀行为研究进展

基于蛋白质与医用金属间的吸附与螯合作用,综合评述了蛋白质作用下医用金属材料（钛及钛合金、不锈钢、钴基合金、镁合金等）腐蚀行为的研究进展,着重讨论了白蛋白、纤维蛋白原及血清影响下医用金属材料的腐蚀行为及机理,并指出了目前研究中存在的科学问题与未来研究的发展方向。     

可降解医用镁基生物材料的研究进展

生物体内可降解吸收材料是生物材料发展的重要方向,由于金属材料具有较好的强度和塑韧性,因此金属基可降解吸收材料具有重要的临床应用价值。镁是所有金属材料中生物力学性能与人体骨最接近的金属材料,具有理想的生物力学相容性,因此,镁合金作为可降解生物材料具有巨大的应用潜力。首先介绍了镁基材料作为生物体内可降解植入材料的优点,然后简要回顾了镁基可降解生物材料的早期研究情况,同时系统地介绍和总结了目前的研究进展和遇到的挑战,最后展望了镁合金医用材料的应用前景和发展方向。     

医用金属材料离子释放机制、致病机理及防护

结合近年来国内外医用钛合金等金属材料在生物体和人体临床应用研究成果,研究了人体植入物等医用金属材料中Ni、Al、V等有害离子的释放机制、致病机理及防护(涂层)方法。系统分析了常用医用金属材料Ti6Al4V和Ti Ni形状记忆合金等钛合金在腐蚀等作用下有害离子的释放机制,有害离子及其形成化合物对人体的毒性作用,和常用表面改性技术制备涂层对于有害离子的抑制和防护作用。研究结果表明,近年来发展起来的表面改性技术显著提高钛合金耐蚀性,可以有效抑制有害离子的释放,提高钛合金的生物相容性。     

镁合金表面可降解聚合物改性涂层研发及应用进展

相比于钛合金、不锈钢、钴基合金等传统生物医用金属材料,镁合金不仅具有生物可降解特性,而且其弹性模量与人体骨骼很接近,不容易产生"应力屏蔽",被誉为"新一代先进生物材料"。但镁合金在人体内降解速率过快,由此产生的力学失稳和过量降解产物在体内的代谢吸收隐患限制了其在外科植介入医疗领域的大量推广应用。而可生物降解或可吸收的天然和合成高分子(聚合物)是全球量大面广的一类质轻、多功效、生物安全性好的生物医用材料,若将其作为可降解镁合金表面的特种防护涂层并解决好两者表界面之间的生物功能性和力学相容性,将是开发先进镁合金材料及其应用的重要发展方向。本文综述了生物可降解的镁基合金表面天然及合成高分子涂层的最新研究进展,并对其未来的研发及应用发展趋势提出展望。     

Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants

For many years, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and titanium alloys have been the primary biomaterials used for load-bearing applications. However, as the need for structural materials in temporary implant applications has grown, materials that provide short-term structural support and can be reabsorbed into the body after healing are being sought. Since traditional metallic biomaterials are typically biocompatible but not biodegradable, the potential for magnesium-based alloys in biomedical applications has gained more interest. This paper summarizes the history and current status of magnesium as a bioabsorbable implant material. Also discussed is the development of a magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy that demonstrates promising degradation behavior.     

Biomedical titanium alloys and their additive manufacturing

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications due to their better biomechanical and biochemical compatibility than other metallic materials such as stainless steels and Co-based alloys.A brief review on the development of the b-type titanium alloys with high strength and low elastic modulus is given and the use of additive manufacturing technologies to produce porous titanium alloy parts,using Ti–6Al–4V as a reference,and its potential in fabricating biomedica replacements are discussed in this paper.     

高性能金属材料研究进展

综述了高性能合金钢、铝锂合金、镁合金、高温合金及生物医用金属材料等高性能金属材料的性能特点、研究应用现状和发展前景。     

镁合金表面可降解聚合物改性涂层研发及应用

相比于钛合金、不锈钢、钴基合金等传统生物医用金属材料,镁合金不仅具有生物可降解特性,而且其弹性模量与人体骨骼很接近,不容易产生“应力屏蔽”,被誉为“新一代先进生物材料”。但镁合金在人体降解速率过快,由此产生的力学失稳和过量降解产物在体内的代谢吸收隐患限制了其在外科植介入医疗领域的大量推广应用。而可生物降解或可吸收的天然和合成高分子(聚合物)是全球量大面广的一类质轻、多功效、生物安全性好的生物医用材料,若将其作为可降解镁合金表面的特种防护涂层并解决好两者表界面之间的生物功能性和力学相容性,将是开发先进镁合金材料及其应用的重要发展方向。本文综述了生物可降解的镁基合金表面天然及合成高分子涂层的最新研究进展,并对其未来的研发及应用发展趋势提出展望。     

金属材料在航天领域的应用及其热处理工艺

航天技术发展推动着高性能金属材料的进步以及制造技术的发展.本文对几种高性能金属材料如铝合金、钛合金、高温合金、超高强度钢、金属间化合物、镁合金以及金属磁性材料在航天领域的应用及其热处理工艺进行了简要介绍.     

抗菌金属材料的研究进展

简要介绍了无机抗菌材料的种类和抗菌机理，综述了 抗菌金属材料的发展现状和抗菌化工艺，详细介绍了各类抗菌金属材料的特点和应用情况.并对抗菌金属材料的研究趋势进行了展望.      

Corrosion performance of titanium and titanium stabilised stainless steels

Abstract

Titanium and its alloys provide industry with a number of materials which are strong, light, and very corrosion resistant. In addition, titanium is added as an alloying constituent to some stainless steels to act as a stabiliser during welding. Over the past 30 years titanium alloys have been increasingly used in process industries, and wherever ‘nil corrosion’ is considered to be an essential design feature. The main drawback to titanium usage has been relatively high cost, but freedom from plant corrosion failures, reduced downtime for maintenance, and the increasing availability of titanium have made this metal and its alloys an attractive choice in recent years. Applications include process vessels, heat exchangers, marine fittings, offshore components, pump castings, and other applications where materials encounter a hostile service environment. Nevertheless, titanium and its alloys are still subject to some forms of corrosiveattack, such as galvanic corrosion, hydrogen absorption, erosion corrosion, and crevicecorrosion. Special welding procedures are also required, which, if ignored, can lead toserious problems. This paper outlines a number of recent investigations into some problems encountered in industrial and marine environments, where both titanium metal and titanium stabilised stainless steels have suffered unexpected corrosion attack. The case histories described illustrate that titanium may show unexpected corrosion problems if certain aspects of its corrosion behaviour are overlooked.     

Influence of shielding gases on quality and efficiency in gas shielded arc welding

This article describes the physical principle of function and some examples of the application of the keyhole TIG (K-TIG) welding process.

Due to its specificity, this welding process has been shown to be valid for performing full penetration welds, even with a single pass, on various types of materials, particularly valuable materials: indeed, it is very well suited to being applied to such materials as austenitic stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, nickel alloys, the austeno-ferritic (duplex) steels, obviously in addition to the C–Mn steels.

This article describes the physical principle of functioning of K-TIG welding process, besides some examples of application in different working situations.

Such a welding process has proved itself to be suitable to execute Mel-nil-thickness welding of different kinds of metallic materials (also with a single pass). This welding process is particularly suited to be applied on the most valuable materials, like: inox stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, nickel alloys, duplex steel, C–Mn steels.     

Hochlegierte nichtrostende Stähle und Nickelbasislegierungen im Chemie-Apparatebau

High alloy stainless steels and nickel-base alloys in chemical equipment construction The new ferritic chromium steels and ferritic-austenitic steels, high alloy special austenitic steels and nickel-base alloys presented in recent years have by now yielded some years' positive industrial experience in several applications. The group of austenitic steels containing 6 wt.-% molybdenum are at the threshold for large size application in chemical equipment construction. The results of the first comparative investigations with other high alloy steels are rather promising. The spectrum of nickel-base alloys will certainly be complemented by Hastelloy alloy C-22, so that this alloy will be used in addition to titanium alloys in contact with strongly oxidizing media.