富贵锑控电位氯化浸出选择性分离贱金属

为实现从富贵锑中富集提取金的目的,提出采用控电位氯化浸出方法选择性分离富贵锑中贱金属。详细考察了各因素对贱金属浸出率的影响,查明了最优条件下贵金属的溶解行为,采用富贵锑粉置换回收浸出液中的贵金属。结果表明:提高盐酸浓度、增加液固比、提高反应温度和减小双氧水的加入速度均可以提高贱金属的浸出率;但增大双氧水过量系数会导致金属氧化沉淀。在最优条件下,铜、镍、锑和铅的浸出率均大于99.0%,金和银的浸出率分别为0.16%和84.40%,浸出渣中金含量达到96.0%。浸出液冷却结晶过程会析出氯化铅,金和银的置换率均达到99.0%以上。该方法实现了富贵锑中贱金属有效分离和金高效富集的双重目的。     

亚硫酸钠浸出-甲醛还原回收氯化渣中的银

为了改善氰化金泥湿法精炼过程中氯化渣铁粉置换工艺熔炼粗银时的工作环境,提高银的回收率,采用亚硫酸钠浸出-甲醛还原方法处理氯化渣。结果表明,在pH=8.5、液固质量比为20:1、35℃的条件下用浓度为250g/L的亚硫酸钠溶液浸出氯化渣3h后,银浸出率大于99%;浸银液在40%甲醛与银比例为5:2 (mL/g)、50℃的条件下还原1.5 h,银还原率达99%以上。浸出渣返回金泥氯化分金流程,浸银液还原后可再生循环使用,银综合回收率可达98%以上。     

复杂金精矿铁锍酸溶渣控电位氯化浸出富集贵金属金

以复杂难处理金精矿火法造锍捕金所得铁锍合金的硫酸浸出渣为原料,采用控电位氯化浸出工艺分离酸溶渣中的Cu、As、Sb等主要杂质元素,贵金属Au单向富集得到高品位金泥,Au泥经过硫酸化焙烧脱硫进一步富集贵金属金。结果表明:双电极体系控电位氯化浸出优化条件为[H~+]5mol/L、浸出电位380m V、液固质量比5:1、温度85℃和搅拌浸出2 h,所得渣率为28.2%,浸出渣中Cu、As、Sb含量分别降到0.18%、0.095%、0.084%,浸出率分别达到99.6%、99.8%、99.8%,浸出渣主要成分Si和S的含量分别为29.39%和22.72%,Au品位富集到2.609%;浸出渣硫酸化焙烧脱硫的烧成率为66.5%,S含量降至0.87%,脱硫率为96.2%,焙砂的主要物相为SiO_2和单质金,Au品位富集到3.937%。复杂金精矿铁锍合金酸溶渣通过控电位氯化浸出除杂—焙烧脱硫可将贵金属金有效富集。     

金矿尾矿盐酸浸出砷的研究

采用盐酸作为浸取试剂，从金矿尾渣中浸取出砷。考察了盐酸的用量、浸取时间、液固比、以及温度条件对砷浸出率的影响，通过正交试验找出砷浸出的最佳工艺条件，对于1g尾渣，盐酸的用量为0．8mL、振荡浸取时间17min、液固比20：1、以及温度为25℃。所用试剂廉价易得，设备简单，操作方便，实现了金矿尾渣中砷的高效浸取。     

铅阳极泥湿法脱砷工艺研究

以2种不同成分的铅阳极泥为原料研究了氢氧化钠溶液循环浸出预脱砷工艺。考察了液固比、氢氧化钠浓度、浸出温度和浸出时间等因素对脱砷效果的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1、氢氧化钠浓度2.5 mol/L、浸出温度80℃、浸出时间8 h,该条件下砷的浸出率可达94%以上。进行了沉砷后液的循环浸出实验,结果表明,砷的浸出率为94.41%,浸出液循环使用对脱砷效果没有影响。     

铜冶炼烟尘的控电位氧化浸出（英文）

采用氧化浸出和电位控制技术从铜冶炼烟尘中浸出金属,研究H2O2用量、H2O2加入速度、初始盐酸浓度、浸出温度、初始液固比和浸出时间对金属浸出率的影响。最终得到最优浸出条件为:H2O2用量0.8mL/g(氧化还原电位为429 mV)、H2O2加入速度1.0 mL/min、初始硫酸浓度1.0 mol/L、初始盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L、浸出温度80°C、初始液固比5:1 mL/g以及浸出时间1.5 h。在此最优条件下,铜冶炼烟尘中的铜和砷能被有效地浸出,剩下的浸出渣可作为一种合适的铅冶炼资源。此时,铜、砷和铁的平均浸出率分别为95.27%、96.82%和46.65%。     

高锑低银类铅阳极泥制备五氯化锑新工艺

研究采用控电氯化浸出-低压连续蒸馏-氧化结晶法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥制备五氯化锑的新工艺.结果表明:稀盐酸酸洗可有效去除铅阳极泥中的氟和硅:当溶液电位控制在430 mV以上时,阳极泥中锑、铜和铋的浸出率均大于99%,浸出液中三价锑离子的浓度高达310 g/L,浸出液经冷却结晶后银的入渣率为91.12%,铅的入渣率为96.35%;当蒸馏温度为190℃时,蒸馏余物中三氯化锑已接近无水三氯化锑熔盐,无水三氯化锑熔盐通氯氧化-结晶分离所获得的五氯化锑产品质量完全达到试剂级产品的要求,而金属铁、铋和铜等均残留在结晶分离残渣中,锑的回收率大于95%.     

氧化锌贫矿提锌渣中铅和银的氯盐一步浸出

运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线能谱等分析手段,对山东某地深度氧化锌贫矿提锌后渣进行工艺矿物学特征分析可知,矿物中金属赋存状态复杂,属难选矿物。开发出氯盐一步法浸出铅和银的新工艺,考察反应温度、NaCl浓度、添加剂用量、液固比、HCl加入量和浸出时间对浸出过程的影响。结果表明:加入添加剂对铅的浸出率没有影响,但可以显著提高银的浸出率。条件试验研究得出最佳工艺条件如下:浸出温度90℃、NaCl浓度390 g/L、添加剂用量15 mL、液固比(质量比)7?1、HCl加入量3 mL、浸出时间3 h。在此最佳工艺条件下,铅的浸出率达到95%左右,银的浸出率达到90%左右。     

高砷烟尘NaOH-Na_2S碱浸过程的金属元素浸出行为（英文）

采用NaO H-Na_2S碱浸方法实现了高砷烟尘中砷的选择性浸出。在砷浸出过程中,探讨了碱料比、硫化钠用量、浸出温度、浸出时间和液固比对各金属元素浸出率的影响。结果表明:在碱料质量比为0.5,硫化钠用量为0.25 g/g,浸出温度为90°C,浸出时间为2 h,液固比为5:1的优化条件下实现了砷与其他金属的有效分离。在优化条件下,砷、锑、铅、锡和锌的平均浸出率为92.75%,11.68%,0.31%,29.75%和36.85%。NaOH-Na_2S碱性浸出过程提供了一种从含砷烟尘中脱除砷的简单有效的方法,同时产生具有利用价值的铅渣。     

湿法炼锌窑渣与污酸联合浸出新工艺

湿法炼锌过程中产生的窑渣含有大量的有价金属。锌冶炼污酸具有成分复杂、酸度高、含有大量的砷及其他重金属离子的特点。根据锌窑渣和污酸的理化性质,将二者进行联合浸出处理,考察反应时间、反应温度、液固比、H_2O_2加入量、窑渣粒径对锌窑渣与污酸联合浸出行为的影响。结果表明:在反应时间3 h、反应温度50℃、液固比(mL/g) 10:1、H_2O_2加入量为16 mL、窑渣粒径75～106μm条件下进行二段逆流浸出,铜、铁、锌的浸出率均高于90%。浸出后液的酸度从172.48 g/L降至20 g/L左右,砷浓度达9 g/L左右,为后续沉砷处理提供了条件。另外,对浸出渣进行分析,可知浸出渣中主要物相为CaSO_4·2H_2O、SiO_2和焦炭,其中银品位最高达484.7 g/t,可作为提银原料。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

Analysis of microporous structure of carbon adsorbents in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores

A methodology of using the theory of filling the volume of micropores when evaluating the porous structure of carbon nanomaterials and adsorbents, as well as describing the adsorption of different species, is considered. Potentialities of the mathematical means of a theory of filling the volume of micropores when differentiating homogeneous and irregular microporous structure of activated carbon, determining the micropores’ parameters (their volume and size), evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of microporous structures, and describing adsorption over wide concentration range are analyzed. The perspectives of this approach, based on the theory of filling the volume of micropores, in the prognosis of the microporous structures’ parameters and the activated carbons’ adsorbability in the process of their synthesis are demonstrated. Original Russian Text ? G.A. Petukhova, 2008, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 170–176.