LSP提高TC6钛合金振动疲劳性能及强化机理研究

针对TC6钛合金进行了激光冲击强化(LSP)参数设计,应用XRD衍射仪对LSP试件进行了残余应力分布规律测试和图谱分析,采用透射电子显微镜对强化层微观组织进行了观察,对有无LSP标准振动疲劳试件进行了振动疲劳对比试验。研究表明,TC6钛合金LSP较佳功率密度为3 GW/cm2,LSP能在材料表层产生深度为1.6 mm的高数值残余压应力场,表面残余应力可达-660 MPa,深度为0.1 mm处残余应力最大,最大值可达-690 MPa;LSP后没有新相产生,且晶粒细化、残余微观应变导致Bragg衍射峰宽化;LSP后钛合金表层出现高密度位错和纳米晶;钛合金标准振动疲劳试件LSP后疲劳极限由438.6 MPa增加至526.7 MPa,提高20.1%;疲劳断口分析表明LSP产生的组织细化和高数值残余压应力场可以有效抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而提升TC6钛合金的抗疲劳性能。     

激光冲击强化提高TC4叶片振动疲劳性能

针对典型钛合金TC4进行激光冲击强化(LSP)参数设计,对强化后残余应力分布规律进行测量,应用透射电子显微镜对强化后表层微观组织进行观察,对有无LSP钛合金叶片进行不同应力水平下的振动疲劳对比试验。研究表明,TC4钛合金LSP最佳功率密度为3.5GW/cm2,LSP在材料表层产生高数值的残余压应力场,表面残余应力可达-610MPa,最大值约-650MPa位于距离表面100μm处。LSP在钛合金表层产生纳米晶,纳米晶尺寸在几个至几十纳米。钛合金叶片LSP后疲劳极限由430 MPa提高至560 MPa,升高30%;在560MPa应力水平下,中值疲劳寿命提高为原来的200%以上;LSP在钛合金表层产生的残余压应力场和纳米晶共同作用显著提高了钛合金叶片的抗疲劳性能。     

激光冲击强化对TC6钛合金疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光冲击强化(LSP)对TC6钛合金振动疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,利用LSP技术可在合金表层生成很大的残余压应力场,使合金表层生成纳米晶,大幅提高了试样的疲劳极限。     

TC4钛合金激光冲击强化与喷丸强化的残余应力模拟分析

目的 通过对激光冲击强化和喷丸强化后的试样进行残余应力测试分析,得出两种工艺在残余应力形成机理、残余应力层深以及残余应力均匀性等方面的差异.方法 一方面采用有限元方法 模拟激光冲击强化及喷丸强化的过程,将材料在两种强化冲击下的响应进行对比,研究残余应力的形成过程,并对残余应力场的分布规律进行总结分析.另一方面,分别用两种强化技术处理TC4钛合金的表面,并用剥层X射线衍射实验测试材料表层的残余应力.最后将实验结果 与测试结果 进行对比,验证有限元模拟的有效性.结果 当这两种强化效果产生-500 MPa的表面平均残余应力时,激光冲击强化后的TC4钛合金表层残余压应力层深度可达0.6 mm以上,而喷丸强化后的TC4钛合金表层残余压应力层深度只有0.15 mm左右.结论 由于诱发材料塑性变形的机制不同,激光冲击强化往往能获得比喷丸强化更好的残余压应力深度,同时激光冲击强化的材料的表面残余应力分布也比喷丸强化的材料更均匀.     

激光冲击与喷丸复合强化TC17钛合金表层残余应力研究

目的 分析激光冲击与机械喷丸复合强化钛合金表层残余应力场及其在疲劳载荷下的稳定性。方法 采用薄壁叶片强化参数先后对TC17钛合金表面进行激光冲击强化和喷丸强化,利用X射线衍射法分析两种工艺复合强化表层的残余应力分布,并分别在25、400 ℃拉-拉疲劳加载条件下分析复合强化表层残余应力的稳定性。结果 激光冲击与喷丸复合强化表面残余应力值为-600 ~ -800 MPa,残余压应力幅值沿深度不断递减,压应力层深度为0.7~0.8 mm。表面至0.1 mm深度范围内的残余应力分布梯度较大,其分布特征主要受控于喷丸工艺,而距表面0.1 mm以下的残余应力分布梯度较小,其分布特征受控于激光冲击强化工艺。结论 激光冲击和喷丸强化顺序对最表层残余应力的均匀性有一定影响,对最表层以下的残余应力分布影响较小。复合强化表面残余应力在室温疲劳加载后具有较好的稳定性,在400 ℃疲劳加载下发生一定量松弛后趋于稳定。     

激光冲击TC17钛合金叶片的微观组织/应力演变及缺口振动疲劳性能

目的 提高航空发动机叶片的抗疲劳性能。方法 采用高功率密度短脉冲激光冲击某型发动机TC17钛合金整体叶盘叶片模拟件,并采用飞秒激光在进气边预制缺口。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征激光冲击前后的表层微观组织。通过X射线衍射和三坐标测量仪分别测量激光冲击强化过程中的残余应力演变和宏观塑性变形,并由一阶弯曲振动疲劳对激光冲击强化效果进行评价。结果 激光冲击在TC17钛合金叶片表层诱导产生了高密度位错组织,但由于冲击次数的控制,未产生明显的晶粒细化效应。激光冲击叶盆面后,叶盆面呈现压应力状态,残余应力为330.5 MPa,叶背面呈现拉应力状态,其值为55.5 MPa。进一步激光冲击叶背面后,叶背面的拉应力转变为压应力,其值达到了267.0 MPa,叶盆面残余压应力减小,由330.5 MPa变为261.9 MPa。激光冲击叶盆面后,进气边与叶尖交点偏离初始位置0.119 1、0.129 1 mm;冲击叶背面后,位移偏离初始位置减小,分别为0.071 08、0.099 mm。激光冲击强化后,缺口振动疲劳寿命显著提升,平均循环次数由56 696周次增加到199 515周次,出现了明显的裂纹闭合效应。结论 激光冲击强化在TC17钛合金表层引入了高密度位错组织和双面贯穿式残余压应力,并将叶片宏观塑性变形控制在0.1 mm以内,在疲劳性能上获得了显著的提升。     

基于计算机有限元分析的激光冲击强化钛合金疲劳性能研究

基于限元分析软件ABAQUS和MSC.Fatigue,建立了激光冲击TC17钛合金标准紧凑拉伸试样及其疲劳裂纹扩展的有限元分析模型。对不同区域下激光冲击强化TC17钛合金后的残余应力分布及疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行分析,进而探讨了残余应力场对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,激光冲击TC17钛合金经后,试样上下表面处理区域均呈现压应力分布,最大残余压应力达-473 MPa,残余压应力层深度达0.76 mm,同时,表面残余压应力随激光功率密度和冲击区域的增大,逐渐增大并达到饱和。相对于未冲击件,激光冲击使TC17试样疲劳寿命大幅延长,疲劳裂纹扩展速率显著降低;且随冲击区域的增大,疲劳寿命不断延长,表明激光冲击诱导的残余应力场对TC17钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展具有较好的抑制作用。     

激光喷丸与机械喷丸复合强化对2124-T851铝合金疲劳寿命的影响

目的 研究激光喷丸(LSP)、机械喷丸(SP)及其复合强化(LSP+SP)对2124-T851铝合金四点弯曲疲劳寿命的影响.方法 激光喷丸强化的脉冲激光能量为6 J,脉冲宽度为20 ns,光斑直径为2 mm,半圆搭接.喷丸强化采用直径为0.3 mm的陶瓷弹丸,喷丸压力为0.2 MPa,喷丸覆盖率大于100％.采用X射线衍射的方法测定强化层的残余应力.采用显微硬度仪测定显微硬度.在MTS伺服试验机上测定试样四点弯曲疲劳寿命.使用扫描电子显微镜观察疲劳试样断口.采用列表梯形法分析计算试样的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命和萌生寿命,分析机械喷丸和激光喷丸强化层性能对疲劳寿命的影响.结果 LSP+SP试样残余应力场和硬度场近表层的数值与SP试样相近,表面残余应力为–260 MPa,表面硬度为178HV.LSP+SP试样残余压应力场和应变硬化场深度与LSP试样相近,可达3 mm以上.与未强化(AR)试样相比,SP、LSP和LSP+SP试样的平均疲劳寿命分别提高了214％、217％和312％.结论 喷丸强化的显著应变硬化作用提高了SP试样和LSP+SP试样的裂纹萌生寿命,激光喷丸强化引入的深层残余压应力场提高了LSP和LSP+SP试样的裂纹扩展寿命,LSP+SP复合强化兼具SP和LSP工艺的疲劳寿命强化作用.     

表面喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金疲劳性能的影响

目的改善TC11钛合金的抗疲劳性能。方法采用喷丸表面强化工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面强化处理,研究了喷丸强化处理、喷丸+二次喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金试样表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微组织及疲劳性能的影响。结果喷丸处理能够在试样表层引入厚度约230?m的残余压应力场,但同时导致试样表面粗糙度值增加。喷丸后进行表面二次喷丸,试样表面残余压应力值和残余压应力峰值提高,但残余压应力峰值的位置和残余压应力层的厚度变化不大。二次喷丸对试样表面起到一定程度的修复作用,使试样表面粗糙度值降低。喷丸后试样表层组织发生明显的塑性变形,晶粒变细,而喷丸+二次喷丸处理可使试样表层组织得到进一步细化。喷丸处理后,试样的疲劳强度由480 MPa提高至540 MPa,提高了12.5%,二次喷丸使试样的疲劳强度提高至570 MPa,在喷丸的基础上继续提高了5.5%。结论喷丸后对试样表面进行二次喷丸对表层残余应力场的影响不大,二次喷丸主要通过降低试样表面粗糙度值和细化试样表层组织,使试样的疲劳强度得到进一步提高。     

残余应力场和不同应力比下TC11钛合金的高周疲劳性能

采用化学腐蚀剥层的方法在X射线应力衍射仪上测定喷丸与未喷丸TC11钛合金表层残余应力场,并测试了此应力场下r=–1,0.1两不同应力比下1×107次的高周疲劳,拟合成疲劳S-N曲线。使用OM、SEM、EDS、超显微硬度仪对材料原始组织、表面形貌、断口形貌、源区成分及疲劳试验后表层硬度变化进行了观察和测定。结果表明,喷丸后在TC11钛合金表层形成一个"钩"形分布的残余压应力场,且层深0.122 mm处压应力值达–463 MPa。此应力场能显著改善其拉/压疲劳性能,而对其拉/拉疲劳性能几乎不起作用。拉/压和拉/拉疲劳试验后,TC11钛合金喷丸试样表层硬度梯度都有降低的趋势,但未喷丸试样却呈上升趋势。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.