纳米Fe-10Cr涂层电化学腐蚀行为影响研究Ⅱ.点蚀性能

利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱图（EIS）和Mott-Schottky分析等电化学测试手段．探讨了Fe—10Cr纳米涂层在0.05mol／L H2SO4＋0.5mol／LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为．研究表明，与铸态合金相比，溅射纳米涂层表面钝化膜的化学稳定性和再钝化性能明显提高；二者的钝化膜均具有p型半导体结构特征．但溅射纳米涂层表面钝化膜的载流子密度和平带电位都比较低，导致钝化膜中金属离子的传输速度较低，纳米橡层表面钝化膜的化学稳定性增强。     

磁控溅射IN738涂层耐盐水腐蚀性能研究

利用电化学方法、扫描电镜和扫描隧道显微镜等技术，研究了纳米晶IN738涂层耐盐水腐蚀性能，探讨了溅射纳米涂层的腐蚀机制，发现表面纳米化导致钝性金属材料钝化膜的溶解速度增加，而表面微观孔隙的存在使材料的耐点蚀能力下降，但是纳米IN738涂层总体耐蚀性能很高。     

在600℃～700℃固态NaCl和水蒸气综合作用下K38G及其纳米晶涂层的腐蚀行为

用磁控溅射方法在K38G合金上溅射了一层与其成分相同的纳米晶涂层，研究了铸态合金及其纳米晶涂层在600℃～700℃固态NaCl和水蒸气综合作用下的腐蚀行为．结果表明，纳米晶涂层的腐蚀增重比铸态合金的大，抗腐蚀能力反而下降．讨论了铸态合金和纳米晶涂层的腐蚀机理．     

Fe-20Cr纳米涂层的电化学行为

利用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基体上制备了Fe-20Cr纳米晶涂层.分别测试了Fe-20Cr铸态和纳米晶涂层在含氯离子溶液(0.005 mol/L H2SO4 0.5 mol/L NaCl)与不含氯离子的溶液(0.005 mol/L H2SO4 0.25 mol/LNa2SO4)中的动电位极化曲线.结果表明,纳米化使材料的溶解速度增大,纳米晶涂层在两种溶液体系中均容易钝化;与铸态合金相比,纳米涂层的维钝电流增大两个数量级.在含氯离子溶液中,纳米晶涂层的维钝区间是铸态合金的两倍,耐局部腐蚀性能得到很大提高.利用电容测试技术和Mott-Schottky关系研究了Fe-20Cr铸态合金与纳米晶涂层分别在两种溶液中所形成钝化膜的半导体性能.结果表明铸态合金在不含氯离子的溶液中低电位下所形成的钝化膜为p型半导体,高电位下形成n型半导体,在含氯离子溶液中形成的钝化膜为p型半导体;而纳米晶涂层在两种溶液体系中形成的钝化膜均为n型半导体.钝化膜的结构类型的不同是导致Fe-20Cr纳米晶涂层与铸态合金具有不同电化学行为的主要原因.     

K38G合金及其纳米晶涂层在900℃熔融硫酸盐中的热腐蚀行为

用磁控溅射法在K38G合金上溅射上一层与其成分相同的纳米涂层，研究了铸态合金及其溅射纳米晶涂层在900℃的75％Na2SO4 25%K2SO4中的热腐蚀行为，结果表明，K38G合金经溅射形成纳米晶层后，腐蚀过程中能生成一层连续的Al2O3外氧化膜，延长了失稳氧化的孕育期，提高了合金的抗热腐蚀能力，并讨论了铸态合金及纳米晶涂层的热腐蚀机理。     

纳米化对Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag合金抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能的影响

利用磁控溅射的方法在Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag(at．％)合金上溅射相同成分的纳米晶涂层，以研究纳米化对Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag合金抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能的影响，氧化实验在800℃～1000℃进行，腐蚀试验在盐和水蒸气综合条件下进行．结果表明：900℃氧化，Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag涂层显示了较低的氧化速率，因为生成保护性氧化铝膜，而铸态合金则在局部区域生成TiO2 Al2O3混合氧化膜．1000℃氧化，涂层和铸态合金生成保护性Al2O3膜，均具有很好的抗氧化性能．但溅射涂层在1000℃的氧化速率高于铸态合金，因为涂层球状表面和柱状晶结构，提供了更多的有效氧化面积．在600℃～700℃，盐和水蒸汽综合作用下，TiAlCrAg合金表面形成Al2O3 TiO2混合氧化膜，显示了较差的抗腐蚀性能．溅射纳米晶涂层在局部区域生成氧化铝保护膜，抗腐蚀性能大大改善．     

309不锈钢纳米涂层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

用动电位极化、恒电位极化及交流阻抗技术研究了 309 不锈钢及其溅射纳米涂层在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 和 0.5 mol/L Nacl 0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明,在 0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层和不锈钢形成的钝化膜的抗腐蚀能力差别较小;而在 0.5 mol/L NaCl 0.05mol/L H2SO4 溶液中,纳米涂层的耐点蚀性能有了很大提高,这是由于纳米化使涂层表面形成的钝化膜更加致密、更加稳定;同时,通过容抗测量研究了纳米涂层和不锈钢钝化膜的电子结构,并提出了相应的腐蚀机制.     

纳米Fe-10Cr涂层电化学腐蚀行为影响研究Ⅰ.钝化性能

利用磁控溅射技术制备出了晶粒尺寸为20nm-30nm的Fe—10Cr合金涂层．通过动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱图（EIS）和Mott—Schottky分析等电化学测试手段，探讨了Fe—10Cr纳米涂层在0．05mol／LH2SO4＋0．25mol／LNa2SO4溶液中的钝化性能。发现纳米化使材料的活性溶解增强；在钝化膜形成过程中Cr更容易富集，从而更容易钝化；纳米化后，材料表面钝化膜中的载流子密度下降，化学稳定性提高。     

奥氏体不锈钢溅射纳米晶薄膜的点蚀行为研究

利用统计分析和原子力显微镜(AFM)原位观测方法,研究了一种轧制粗晶的奥氏体不锈钢和它的溅射纳米晶薄膜在3.5%NaC l溶液中的点蚀行为.结果表明,溅射纳米晶薄膜的耐点蚀能力显著高于同成分的轧制粗晶材料;纳米晶薄膜的亚稳态点蚀过程被促进而稳态点蚀生长过程被抑制;电化学原子力显微镜(AFM)的原位观察可见,亚稳态点蚀在溅射薄膜表面的粒子团簇间产生,稳态点蚀为浅碟形点蚀坑生长.     

纳米化对M38高温合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响

    通过动电位极化曲线和Mott-Schottky分析电化学方法,研究了M38合金纳米涂层在3.5% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明,在3.5% NaCl溶液中,纳米化虽然没有改变合金表面钝化膜的半导体类型(p型),但是改善了钝化膜的致密性,降低了钝化膜中的载流子密度,提高了钝化膜的稳定性,所以,M38纳米涂层更耐氯离子侵蚀.     

Effects of nitrogen on the passivity of Fe-20Cr alloy

Influences of nitrogen on the passivity of Fe-20Cr-(0, 1.1)N alloys were examined by in situ electrochemical techniques. Nitrogen was incorporated in the form of (Fe, Cr)-nitrides in the passive film, and Cr was enriched in the film of the alloy with nitrogen. Photocurrent analysis demonstrated that the structure of passive film formed on Fe-20Cr-1.1N alloy is Cr-substituted γ-Fe₂O₃ with (Fe, Cr)-nitrides. Mott-Schottky analysis revealed that the film formed on Fe-20Cr-1.1N contained higher Cr⁶⁺ and lower Cr³⁺ vacancy concentrations compared with that on Fe-20Cr alloy. All of these results were associated with the enhanced protectiveness of the film on Fe-20Cr-1.1N.     

Passivation of Fe-Cr alloys studied with ICP-AES and EQCM

The response of sputter deposited Fe-15Cr and Fe-25Cr alloys to a rapid potential increase in the passive region was studied using two in situ methods: electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Both methods indicated an increase in the dissolution rate of iron following the potential change; the total amount of material dissolved being higher for the Fe-15Cr alloy. For both alloys, about 10% of the total dissolved material was Cr. This result compared well with experiments on a 430 stainless steel. ICP-AES is shown to be useful for the in situ determination of partial currents of metal dissolution using solution analysis in a flow cell.     

Semiconductor properties and protective role of passive films of iron base alloys

Semiconductor properties of passive films formed on the Fe-18Cr alloy in a borate buffer solution (pH = 8.4) and 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solution were examined using a photoelectrochemical spectroscopy and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Photo current reveals two photo action spectra that derived from outer hydroxide and inner oxide layers. A typical n-type semiconductor behaviour is observed by both photo current and impedance for the passive films formed in the borate buffer solution. On the other hand, a negative photo current generated, the absolute value of which decreased as applied potential increased in the sulfuric acid solution. This indicates that the passive film behaves as a p-type semiconductor. However, Mott-Schottky plot revealed the typical n-type semiconductor property. It is concluded that the passive film on the Fe-18Cr alloy formed in the borate buffer solution is composed of both n-type outer hydroxide and inner oxide layers. On the other hand, the passive film of the Fe-18Cr alloy in the sulphuric acid consists of p-type oxide and n-type hydroxide layers. The behaviour of passive film growth and corrosion was discussed in terms of the electronic structure in the passive film.     

纳米化对Cu-20Zr合金腐蚀行为的改善

利用磁控溅射技术制备纳米晶Cu-20Zr(mass%)薄膜,用动电位极化法、电化学阻抗法对比研究了溅射Cu-20Zr纳米晶薄膜与铸态Cu-20Zr合金在0.1 mol/L HCl溶液中的耐蚀特性差异.腐蚀后样品的表面形貌及电化学分析表明,纳米化改善了Cu-Zr合金的耐蚀性能.在Zr优先溶解时,纳米晶薄膜中Zr的低活性和表面形成的富Cu层以及Cu、Zr同时溶解时腐蚀产物膜的形成是提高纳米晶Cu-20Zr在HCl水溶液中耐蚀性的重要原因.     

USSP表面纳米化Fe-20Cr合金的腐蚀性能及机制研究

利用电化学方法，结合XRD、EDX、SEM和EPMA等表面分析技术，研究了经超声喷丸表面纳米化的Fe-20Cr合金在0．05mol/L H2SO4 0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀性能。结果表明，纳米化后合金的耐蚀性能降低。相对于粗晶合金，纳米材料晶粒的细化、钝化金属中Cr元素分析的均匀性降低以及超声喷丸技术在制备纳米晶过程中所带来的残余应力是纳米材料耐蚀性能降低的原因。     

Effects of nitric acid passivation on the corrosion behavior of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel in simulated marine atmosphere

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel was nitric acid-passivated to improve its corrosion performance. The effects of nitric acid passivation on the surface morphology, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, semiconductor behavior, and long-term corrosion performance of the stainless steel were investigated using various analytical techniques. An in-depth analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the passive film formed after the acid passivation process showed high thickness and a duplex character as it consisted of a hydroxide layer and an oxide layer. The oxide layer affected the corrosion resistance and thickness of the passive film. The thickness of the passive film was calculated theoretically as well as experimentally by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS results. The electrochemical tests revealed that the dramatic increase in the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel after the passivation was due to the formation of a thick, low-disorder passive film rather than Cr enrichment. The removal of inclusions resulted in higher pitting resistance, whereas the increased roughness showed a negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the stainless steel. During the wet–dry cyclic tests, the modification of the passive film was examined. The passivated stainless steel exhibited good corrosion resistance for up to 50 days of exposure in the simulated environment.     

Comparison Study on the Semiconductive and Dissolution Behaviour of 316L and Alloy 625 in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The corrosion behaviour of 316 L and Alloy 625 was investigated using cyclic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Auger electron spectroscopy and induced coupled plasma-optical emis sion spectrometer.The results indicated that Alloy 625 showed better corrosion resistance than 316 L and the prolonging immersion time could enhance corrosion resistance of the two alloys.The passive film formed on the surface of 316 L exhibited an electronic structure of p-p heterojunction,with Fe_3 O_4 and Cr_2 O_3 enriched in the outer and inner layers,respectively.However,Alloy 625 presented the electronic structure of n-p heterojunction dominated by the outer Fe_2 O_3/NiFe_2 O_4 and inner Cr_2 O_3.This resulted in the opposite semiconductive properties of the passive films formed on the two materials.In the acid solutions,Fe and Mo suffered from selective dissolution while Cr and Ni were relatively stable.The corrosion rates were mainly dominated by the dissolution of iron.Alloy 625 presented better corrosion resistance than 316 L due to the obviously lower content of Fe and the higher content of Cr and Ni in the passive film.The continuously selective dissolution of iron resulted in the increase in Cr/Fe ratio in the passive film,which was responsible for the enhancement in corrosion resistance.