铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层耐磨性

利用微弧氧化技术在7075铝合金表面形成微弧氧化陶瓷膜层,通过SEM、XRD手段分析了微弧氧化陶瓷层的显微结构、表面形貌和相组成,并在HIT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损试验机上测试了陶瓷膜层的摩擦学性能.结果表明:7075铝合金表面的微弧氧化陶瓷膜层由疏松层、致密层构成,其相组成主要是α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3两相;氧化陶瓷层与基体结合良好,厚度为25～45μm,表面硬度可达到1900HV0.1左右;微弧氧化表面处理技术可以显著提高铝合金的表面耐磨性,在与GCr15钢球对磨时,膜层具有较低的磨损率,但摩擦因数相对较高.     

电流密度对ZA43微弧氧化膜层摩擦性能的影响

利用微孤氧化技术在ZA43合金表面原位生成了陶瓷层,通过SEM、XRD和摩擦磨损试验机分析了不同电流密度处理膜层的表面形貌、相组成以及磨损试验后的摩擦学行为和磨痕形貌.结果表明,陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成;在干摩擦条件下,陶瓷层摩擦系数随电流密度的增加逐渐增大,表明陶瓷层耐磨性随电流密度的增加而降低;电流密度一定时,摩擦系数随载荷的提升而增大.磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.     

2A06铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层摩擦学特性

采用微弧氧化技术,以硅酸盐为主要电解液,在2A06铝合金表面制备出高硬度、高耐磨性的微弧氧化陶瓷膜。用扫描电镜观测膜层的显微结构,用X射线衍射分析其相组成,并对膜层进行耐磨损和抗冲蚀试验。结果表明,氧化时间越长,2A06铝合金表面陶瓷层越厚,陶瓷层粗糙度也越高。陶瓷层由过渡层、致密层和疏松层组成。过渡层与基体和致密层结合紧密。致密层的相组成主要为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3,疏松层的相组成主要为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3以及Al6Si2O3。致密层中的α-Al2O3相的含量远高于疏松层。从试样边缘到试样中心硬度逐渐降低,最高硬度出现在试样表面边缘向内5～20 mm处,平均HV硬度可达20.96 GPa。2A06铝合金的耐磨性比较差,磨轮转速从100 r/min增至400 r/min时,磨损量不断增加且呈线性分布。微弧氧化制备的陶瓷层磨损量在磨损开始时(100 r/min)稍高,磨轮转速到600 r/min时磨损量趋于稳定,磨轮转速到1600 r/min时磨损量仍然呈现较低水平。陶瓷层的冲蚀体积损失率也远低于2A06铝合金基体。     

负电压对2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层微观结构和耐磨性能的影响

目的 通过调节负电压参数,制备具有较高硬度与较好耐磨性的2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层。 方法 通过微弧氧化,利用双极性脉冲电源,在硅酸盐为主的电解液中,于2A50铝合金表面原位生成耐磨的高硬度陶瓷层。通过改变负电压,研究其对微弧氧化陶瓷层相组成、微观结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征微弧氧化膜层的微观形貌、物相组成。利用显微硬度计测试微弧氧化膜层的硬度,并通过摩擦磨损试验机评价膜层的耐磨性。结果 涂层的主要相组成为γ-Al2O3。陶瓷层由内侧致密层和外部疏松层组成,随着负电压的提高,微孔的数量和尺寸先减少后增大。微弧氧化后,2A50铝合金得到明显强化,经–100 V负电压的微弧氧化,其显微硬度由未处理的75HV0.5提高至1321HV0.5。微弧氧化陶瓷层具有良好的耐磨性,摩擦系数在0.35~0.55之间,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损共存。结论 正电压较高时,较低负电压可很好地抑制微弧氧化过程中的强放电现象,以获得较为致密、坚硬且耐磨的膜层。     

2A12航空铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长过程

研究2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的生长规律,分析不同氧化时间陶瓷层的表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成。研究表明,陶瓷层总厚度接近于线性增长,向外生长速度比向基体内生长的速率稍大,而致密层占总膜层的比例先快速增加,其后略微下降。SEM结果显示,陶瓷层表面有大量呈火山口状的等离子放电痕迹,随氧化时间延长,厚度在整个表面上趋于相等,界面处氧化膜变得比较平坦。陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,随着氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3相在陶瓷层中的含量先增加后减小,而α-Al2O3相的含量随氧化时间的延长逐渐提高。     

6061铝合金表面ZrO2-Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层制备与性能研究

利用微弧氧化技术在6061铝合金表面原位生长ZrO2-Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层,通过SEM、XRD及纳米压痕仪对陶瓷涂层的微观结构、相组成、硬度及杨氏模量进行分析,并对其热震及高载荷耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:陶瓷涂层由疏松层和致密层组成,其表面分布较多微孔;陶瓷涂层主要由t-ZrO2、γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3相组成,其维氏硬度和杨氏模量分别为19.569和307.927GPa,约为6061铝合金的8倍和3倍;此外,陶瓷涂层还具有较高的抗热震性和耐磨性。     

导电炭黑对5A06铝合金微弧氧化膜层耐磨性的影响

为进一步提高铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的摩擦磨损性能,在硅酸盐体系的电解液中加入一定量的导电炭黑,对5A06铝合金试样进行不同时间的微弧氧化处理。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪等分析5A06铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的物相组成、显微组织及显微硬度,并用摩擦磨损试验机对不同微弧氧化时间的陶瓷层进行磨损性能研究。结果表明,在微弧氧化电解液中加入少量导电炭黑后,制备的陶瓷层中含有一定量的碳元素,且随微弧氧化时间增加,陶瓷层中的含碳量先增后减,在干摩擦磨损条件下,其摩擦因数逐渐减小,陶瓷层的减摩、耐磨性得到有效提高。     

电解液中添加纳米SiO2对7A52铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层生长过程及性能的影响

为了改善微弧氧化陶瓷层表面疏松状况,通过在电解液中添加纳米SiO2颗粒,在7A52铝合金表面制备了含纳米SiO2颗粒的复合陶瓷层.添加纳米SiO2颗粒后,试样表面电流密度也大幅度提高,陶瓷层生长速度提高了近一倍.采用XRF,SEM,维氏硬度计和往复式摩擦磨损试验机对陶瓷层进行了考察.结果表明,纳米SiO2进入了陶瓷层,纳米SiO2颗粒复合处理后,陶瓷层更加致密,显微硬度和耐磨性大幅度提高.     

氧化时间对 ZA 43 合金微弧氧化膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的研究ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的摩擦磨损特性随氧化时间的变化规律。方法制备微弧氧化时间不同的ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜样品,采用球-盘磨损方法进行摩擦磨损实验,分析陶瓷膜磨损前后的形貌、物相组成及元素组成,测试膜层厚度和显微硬度。结果陶瓷膜主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。随着氧化时间的延长,陶瓷膜厚度和平均硬度逐渐增大。在干摩擦条件下,陶瓷膜的摩擦系数和磨损失重随氧化时间的延长而降低。结论随着氧化时间的延长,ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的耐磨性逐渐提高,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。     

LY12铝合金表面氧化铝陶瓷层的生长过程

借助于SEM和XRD观察了铝合金表面氧化铝陶瓷层的生长特性, 测定了铝合金表面陶瓷层的相组成. 结果表明 氧化铝陶瓷层生长明显分为3个阶段, 起始阶段陶瓷的生长呈典型的柱状特征, 后期以重熔增厚的方式为主, 铝合金陶瓷层与基体间以微冶金过渡形式结合, 陶瓷层表层中非定型相的比例高达70%, 其余为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3; 微弧氧化处理液的组成及电参数的选择对陶瓷层的生长有一定的影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).