（Zr,Ti）（V,Mn,Pd,Ni,Fe）2系贮氢电极合金的循环稳定性

（Ｚｒ，Ｔｉ（Ｖ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｄ，Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）２系贮氢电极合金具有较高的电化学容量。在充放电循环过程中，发生合金组元有选择地溶了，致使合金Ｃ１４７主相结构严重畸变，逐渐丧失了可逆贮氢能力。     

RE(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)_5合金(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd)的单胞体积对电化学性能的影响

制备了Ｌａ（Ｎｉ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｔｉ）５,Ｃｅ（Ｎｉ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｔｉ）５,Ｐｒ（Ｎｉ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｔｉ）５和Ｎｄ（Ｎｉ,Ｃｏ,Ｍｎ,Ｔｉ）５四种单一稀土贮氢电极合金,分别测定了它们的单胞体积、氢化物生成焓和几个主要的电化学性能指标（包括活化循环次数、最大放电容量、高倍率放电率和容量衰退速率）,以分析不同稀土元素对合金电化学性能的影响.结果表明,在四种合金中,单胞体积对合金的热力学性质和电化学性能起了决定性作用,它与合金的氢化物生成焓呈简单的线性关系,对电化学性能有双重影响,使四个主要指标随单胞体积的变化均出现极大或极小值.单胞体积本身的变化与稀土元素的周期性有关．     

气体雾化贮氢电极合金Ml（Ni,Co,Mn,Ti）5的活化性能

研究了感应熔炼后随炉冷却和经不同处理的气体雾化贮氢电极合金Ｍｌ（Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｍｎ，Ｔｉ）５的电化学活化特性。结果表明，氢化前后合金内能的变化是影响活化性能的原因，因表面覆盖氧化膜或任何其它原因所引起的附加内能越大，或氢化时氢原子进入四面体或八面体间隙位置所引起应变能越大，活化越困难。     

贮氢合金的研究和开发

贮氢合金的研究和开发目前用于镍－氢电池的合金，主要是在混合稀土（以Ｌａ和Ｃｅ为代表的稀土金属混合物Ｍｍ）成分中添加Ｎｉ的金属间化合物ＭｍＮｉ５。实际上是用Ｍｎ、ＡＩ、Ｃｏ等置换一部分Ｎｉ调节了混合稀土比例的合金。这类合金是可以用ＡＢ５表示的金属间化合...     

Fe0.85Mn0.15Ti0.9M0.1（M=Zr,V,Ca）合金的贮氢性能

系统地研究了Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０．１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｍ０．１（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ,Ｖ,Ｃａ）合金的贮氢性能。研究结果表明：Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０．１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｚｒ０．１合金在室温下经几分钟的孕育期就可吸氢,但合金在氢化过程中形成了氢含量很高的α相,导致合金的贮氢量降低,同时还使ｐ－ｃ－Ｔ曲线的平台特性变差;Ｆｅ０．８５Ｍｎ０１５Ｔｉ０．９Ｖ０．１合金的活化性能进上步得到改善,在室温下几乎不需要孕育期就可以吸氢,但同     

钛基贮氢合金的开发动向

传统的贮氢合金按其成分大致可分为ＡＢ5、ＡＢ2 、ＡＢ和Ａ2 Ｂ型化合物四大类。ＡＢ5型化合物当前最通用也是最典型的合金便是ＬａＮｉ5;ＡＢ2 型近年来研究最活跃的合金是立方晶Ｃｌ5Ｌａｖｅｓ相 (ＭｇＣｕ2 型 )和六方晶Ｃｌ4Ｌａｖｅｓ相 (ＭｇＺｎ2 型 ) ,Ａ可以是稀土元素、Ｔｉ或Ｚｒ等 ,而Ｂ可以是Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ｎｉ和Ｆｅ等 ,通过改变Ａ与Ｂ的比例可控制吸氢平台 ;ＡＢ型是等比化合物有ＺｒＮｉ、ＴｉＦｅ、ＴｉＣｏ、ＺｒＣｏ等贮氢合金 ,目前尚未达到实用化要求 ;Ａ2 Ｂ型 ,以Ｍｇ2 Ｎｉ合金为代表 ,其优点在于轻而且吸氢量…     

包覆钯和镍后MnNi5基贮氢合金的电化学特性

测定了包覆１０ｗｔ％Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ后Ｍｍ０．９Ｔｉ０．１Ｎｉ３．９Ｍｎ０．４Ｃｏ．４Ａｌ０．３合金，及由其制成Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的电化学特性。包覆Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ的贮氢合金电极２００次循环后容量仅衰减３％。负极为合金包覆Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ的Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池在０．４Ｃ放电时的平均放电电压为１．２７Ｖ。在３Ｃ放电时的放电容量为０．４Ｃ的７６％。     

NL—Ni—Co—Mn—Al合金吸氢动力学

应用特制双层水恒温反应器和动力学机理函数计算机拟合的方法，在３０３—３４３Ｋ温度范围内研究了ＭＬ—Ｎｉ—Ｃｏ—Ｍｎ—Ａｌ五元系和ＭＬ—Ｎｉ—Ｃｏ—Ｍｎ—Ａｌ—Ｃｕ六元系（ＭＬ为富镧混合稀土金属）在α＋β相区恒温吸氢动力学．研究结果表明，五元系贮氢合金吸氢初期受化学反应控速，后期受氢在合金氢化物中的扩散控速，动力学规律不受氢初压的影响．由于Ｃｕ的加入，六元系贮氢合金吸氢机制初期转变为β相形核长大控速，后期仍为氢在合金氢化物中的扩散控速．     

微型包覆处理M1（NiCoMnTi）_5合金的电极活化特性

将Ｍ１（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）_５合金粉末经表面微型包覆Ｎｉ－Ｐ处理后制备成吸氢电极，研究其活化性能。结果表明，表面包覆Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的贮氢电极，其放电容量提高，但达到最大循环放电容量的放电次数增加。试验还表明，采用小电流充放电易使贮氢合金电极达到活化状态。     

LaNi5—xMx合金氢化物贮氢性能的计算与预报

在研究了ＬａＮｉ５－ｘＭｘ合金氢化物（Ｍ＝Ｃｒ,Ｍｎ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ,Ａｌ,Ｇａ,Ｇｅ和Ｓｉ）生成焓、吸氢量与组成、键参数之间的关系的基础上,建立了生成焓与吸氢量的数学模型,给出了影响生成焓、平衡氢压及吸氢量的主要因素及其影响程度的大小。结果表明：在所研究的合金体系中,元素的电子浓度、原子尺寸越小,电负性差越大,合金的氢化生成焓越小,合金氢化物越稳定;元素电负性差、原子尺寸、电子浓度等越小     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.