流变压铸AM60镁合金在固溶处理过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜(0M)、扫描电镜(SEM),研究了固溶处理对流变压铸AM60镁合金组织及硬度的影响.结果表明,流变压铸成形的AM60镁合金在430 ℃固溶处理24 h后,AM60镁合金晶界及枝晶间的粗大网状β-Mg17Al12相几乎全部消除,只剩少量、不连续状的β-Mg17Al12相残留在晶界,α-Mg基体中出现少量细小颗粒状β-Mg17Al12相,α-Mg基体中的A1含量显著增加.而且,随着固溶时间的延长,流变压铸成形AM60镁合金组织中的初生颗粒与二次凝固区颗粒出现合并长大现象,它们的长大速率都随固溶时间的延长而降低,随固溶温度的升高而增大.     

金属型铸造与半固态流变压铸2024铝合金组织对比

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD),研究了2024变形铝合金在半固态流变压铸过程中的组织特征.结果表明,流变压铸成形的2024变形铝合金的组织主要由球状和类球状的初生α-Al相,与颗粒间不规则的连续网状分布的共晶相θ-CuAl2相及S-CuAl2Mg相组成.二次凝固的过程主要分3个阶段:“脚趾”状和“齿”状初生α2相依附生长,爆发形核产生呈等轴状的初生α3相和共晶反应.共晶组织主要以共生生长方式为主,α-Al相、θ-CuAl2相和S-CuA12Mg相之间的横向扩散来促使各相的交替生长,形成的层片状共晶组织,主要以“搭桥”方式形成.     

触变成形AZ91D镁合金的组织与二次凝固行为

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对AZ91D镁合金组织进行分析,研究AZ91D镁合金在半固态触变成形过程中的组织特征与二次凝固行为。结果表明,成形件的充型过程是按先底部后上部的顺序填充。触变成形件中心线部位的组织中初生相含量比边缘部位的高,产生宏观上的液相偏析。沿高度方向上,中心线处的初生相颗粒尺寸从上部到底部,先减小后增大。二次凝固过程包括3个阶段：第1阶段是初生α-Mg相生长;第2阶段是液相内部重新形核并生长成细小的等轴晶;第3阶段是剩余的液相发生共晶反应形成共晶体。共晶反应按离异方式生长,共晶组织中的Mg17Al12在初生相颗粒周围形成“晕圈”。     

AZ91D镁合金自孕育流变压铸组织及性能

采用自孕育制浆结合高压压铸制备了AZ91D镁合金流变压铸件,研究了浆料保温时间对其凝固组织及力学性能的影响,采用能谱分析了液态压铸和半固态压铸组织及成分差异的原因,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了压铸件不同部位的凝固组织。结果表明:自孕育流变压铸能够细化AZ91D镁合金液态压铸组织,获得近球状初生α-Mg晶粒,且自孕育流变压铸过程形成的二次α-Mg晶粒相比液态压铸过程形成的细小激冷晶,Al元素含量显著升高;浆料保温时间只影响流变压铸件初生α-Mg晶粒,不影响二次凝固组织;采用自孕育流变压铸能够显著提高压铸件力学性能,并在保温3 min时达到最佳综合力学性能。     

AZ61镁合金的差热分析及凝固组织观察

通过差热分析并结合金相组织观察的方法研究了AZ61镁合金相变温度点和凝固组织的特征,并对凝固组织演变机理做了理论分析。结果表明:AZ61镁合金固液转变温度在587.10~608.43℃之间,共晶转变温度在413℃左右;AZ61镁合金在凝固过程中首先析出α-Mg树枝晶,α-Mg树枝晶间富Al的残余液体发生共晶转变,形成α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12共晶组织。共晶组织中的α-Mg相往往依附初晶α-Mg形核生长,并将β-Mg17Al12相推向α-Mg枝晶的晶界,形成离异共晶组织。     

半固态镁合金中液相的凝固方式及组织形貌

采用快速液淬方法分析研究了AZ91D镁合金半固态液相的凝固方式和组织形貌,结果表明:镁合金半固态液相的凝固方式与冷却速度所决定的过冷度有重要关系.在液淬快冷的条件下,液相先析出α相,部分依附于初生固相晶粒结晶生长,部分在液相中独立形核生长.较大的过冷度使α相长成"毛刺状"或树枝晶状.共晶凝固按离异生长和共生生长两种方式进行,离异生长形成粗大的晶界β相,共生生长形成层片状组织.初生固相晶粒中形成的小液池,其凝固方式和结晶组织与晶间液相基本相同,但由于液相量少,共晶凝固主要以离异方式进行.     

ZA27合金自孕育流变压铸显微组织及凝固行为EI北大核心CSCD

采用自孕育法制备ZA27半固态浆料,研究流变压铸成形过程中的显微组织及凝固行为。结果表明:ZA27半固态浆料在480℃等温保温3 min,能够制备出细小、圆整、分布均匀的初生α(Al)晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸52.32μm。浆料在成形过程中发生液相偏析,在受力较大部位,二次颗粒长成"蠕虫状"。剩余液相在铸件不同部位的凝固方式不同,但都没有粗大的树枝晶存在。在冷却速率较小的部位,二次凝固方式主要为依附初生晶粒生长,在共晶组织中有包晶β相析出。在冷却速率较大部位主要为形核凝固,二次晶粒数目多,共晶组织细小。二次晶粒既能够以富Zn的α(Al)相形核,也可以直接以β相形核生长。Cu富集在共晶η相中。     

ZA27合金自孕育流变压铸显微组织及凝固行为

采用自孕育法制备ZA27半固态浆料,研究流变压铸成形过程中的显微组织及凝固行为。结果表明:ZA27半固态浆料在480℃等温保温3 min,能够制备出细小、圆整、分布均匀的初生α(Al)晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸52.32μm。浆料在成形过程中发生液相偏析,在受力较大部位,二次颗粒长成"蠕虫状"。剩余液相在铸件不同部位的凝固方式不同,但都没有粗大的树枝晶存在。在冷却速率较小的部位,二次凝固方式主要为依附初生晶粒生长,在共晶组织中有包晶β相析出。在冷却速率较大部位主要为形核凝固,二次晶粒数目多,共晶组织细小。二次晶粒既能够以富Zn的α(Al)相形核,也可以直接以β相形核生长。Cu富集在共晶η相中。     

触变成形ZA27合金的微观组织

通过OM、SEM和XRD对触变成形并经5年自然时效的ZA27合金的微观组织进行了观察。结果表明:经触变成形后的ZA27合金由球状初生粒子α′相、晶间的二次凝固组织及半固态成形时没有凝固完全的小液池组成。共晶方式主要为离异共晶及其中"蜂窝"状棒状共晶,部分区域出现不规则层片共晶。ZA27合金在后期的冷却和自然时效过程中,经过了一系列的相变,β相发生胞状分解,形成规则的共析α+η层片组织或不规则的复杂形状组织,从一些层片区域逐渐向低铝的α′相区域中心生长为粗大的层片组织,当其生长被α′中心的连续分解所阻挡时,在其芯部形成细小的α+η颗粒组织。     

Cu-1．0Cr合金初始非稳态凝固与凝固界面形态选择

试验观察了Cu-1.0Cr合金初始非稳态凝固过程,探讨了初始非稳态凝固界面形态选择对稳态凝固组织形成产生的影响.结果表明,亚共晶Cu-1.0Cr合金初始非稳态定向凝固过程经历了平面状初生α相、完全(α+β)共晶组织以及枝晶状α相+(α+β共晶组织的3个演变阶段.随着凝固速度增加,初始过渡区长度减小,非稳态凝固过程由两个过渡生长阶段:平面状初生α相生长阶段和完全(α+β)共晶组织生长阶段,变为一个过渡生长阶段:平面状初生α相生长阶段.初始非稳态凝固界面形态的选择决定了稳态凝固组织的构成.亚共晶Cu-Cr合金要获得完全的共晶组织,初始非稳态定向凝固过程中的组织生长必须保持平界面.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis