Ti、Zr对纯铝微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过向工业纯铝中单独或复合添加微量Zr、Ti元素,研究了Zr、Ti合金化对纯铝微观组织、力学性能及抗细化衰退性能的影响。结果表明:Zr元素能显著提高纯铝的硬度,对晶粒有一定的细化作用,但其细化效果远不及Ti;Ti元素具有较强的晶粒细化效果,但对合金的硬度影响较Zr元素小;当Zr、Ti复合添加时,Ti能明显改善Zr元素对晶粒的细化能力,使细化后的合金达到强度、硬度和塑性的合理匹配。Zr、Ti复合孕育剂具有良好的抗晶粒细化衰退性能,这很大程度上取决于Al3(Ti,Zr)粒子优异的晶粒细化性能、热稳定性能及抑制晶粒长大性能。     

La、Zr微合金化对Al-5Mg-0.2Ti合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了含稀土La和Zr的Al-Mg-Ti合金,通过力学性能测试及金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射仪,观察分析了La、Zr微合金化对Al-Mg-Ti合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.2%Zr能有效细化Al-Mg-Ti合金晶粒,说明Ti、Zr的细化作用是相容的,同时基体中析出的脆硬相Al_3Zr能显著提高合金硬度,但弱化了晶粒细化对合金强度和塑性的影响。0.2%La和0.2%Zr复合添加时的细化效果更为显著,合金的平均晶粒尺寸仅为55μm,同时La的添加有效避免了脆硬相Al_3Zr的析出和粗化,使合金的强度和塑性都得到了显著的提高,而硬度变化较小。     

Sc、Ti、Zr复合微合金化对纯铝组织和力学性能的影响

通过向工业纯铝中添加微量Sc、Zr、Ti元素,研究Sc、Zr、Ti微合金化对纯铝微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:0.2%Sc和0.2%Ti复合添加时合金的组织完全转变成了细小等轴晶,合金强度和塑性同时得到提高。复合添加0.2%Sc、0.2%Zr和0.2%Ti时的细化效果最为显著,合金平均晶粒尺寸下降到62μm,力学性能比0.2%Sc和0.2%Ti复合添加时提高更多。     

Sc、Ti对纯铝组织和力学性能的影响

通过向工业纯铝中添加微量Sc、Ti元素,研究了Sc、Ti微合金化对该合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:0.2%Sc和0.2%Ti复合的晶粒细化效果比0.2%Sc单独添加时更加优异,合金平均晶粒尺寸仅为90μm,合金强度和硬度得到显著提高。原因在于Sc、Ti复合微合金化有效降低了Al-Sc共晶点,同时形成的Al_3(Sc,Ti)复合粒子,更加有效充当基体的形核质点,促进晶粒细化。     

Mg对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mg对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响,分析了Mg影响两种中间合金细化铝晶粒行为的机制。结果表明,在w(Mg)=1%～7%的范围内,镁含量的增加,对两种中间合金细化铝晶粒的促进作用不显著,但对晶粒形貌有显著的影响;晶粒形貌取决于所用中间合金的种类和Mg添加量大小,相同镁含量时,用Al-5Ti-1B细化比用Al-5Ti-0.2C细化后晶粒的树枝化程度小;细化所用的中间合金相同时,随着镁含量的增加,细化晶粒的树枝化程度增大。     

晶粒细化与变质处理对铝硅合金机械性能的影响

研究了ＺＬ１０１铝硅合金在添加晶粒细化剂，变质剂后机械性能的变化。同时考察了时效热自理及凝固速率对合金性能的影响。结果显示，晶粒细化与变质处理可以提高材料的强度与塑性，热处理和快冷条件下强度及延伸率又有进一步提高。     

镁合金细化剂Al-5Zr-1B合金的组织与细化性能

采用K2ZrF4和KBF4混合粉末与铝熔体直接反应制备镁合金晶粒细化剂Al-5Zr-1B合金,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜,研究了Al-5Zr-1B合金的显微组织及其对纯Mg和AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化作用。结果表明:Al-5Zr-1B合金中含有大量细小的ZrB2粒子,平均尺寸为0.2μm,ZrB2粒子作为异质形核核心使纯Mg和AZ31镁合金晶粒得到细化。随着Al-5Zr-1B合金添加量的增加,纯Mg和AZ31镁合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。添加0.3%(质量分数)的Al-5Zr-1B合金,可使纯Mg晶粒从1400μm细化到120μm。添加0.6%的Al-5Zr-1B合金,可使AZ31镁合金晶粒从170μm细化到45μm。     

化学法对有色金属及合金晶粒细化的研究进展

凝固过程中获得细小均匀的等轴晶组织既可以提高材料的强度和硬度,又可以提高其塑性和韧性。晶粒细化是改善铸件质量和后续加工性能的重要途径,化学晶粒细化法由于在细化过程中操作简单,无需改进实验设备,细化效果良好受到科研工作者的重视。结合作者采用化学法对铝及铝合金、纯镍和纯锡晶粒细化的研究工作,综述几种典型有色金属及合金的晶粒细化剂及细化效果,并总结国内外关于化学法细化晶粒的经典理论。最后,总结并展望了化学法细化有色金属及合金的发展趋势。     

Ti、Sc、Zr对铝合金微观组织的影响

制备了含Ti、Sc、Zr的铝合金,测量了平均晶粒直径和硬度,并利用金相显微镜、XRD、SEM和EDS等方法研究其细化及强化机理。结果表明：Ti元素能显著细化合金的晶粒,但不能提高合金的硬度;0.2%Sc对合金晶粒细化不太显著,但对硬度提高非常显著;0.13%Zr添加时,其细化效果略好于0.20%Sc,而对硬度的影响略低于0.20%Sc;当三者同时添加时,得到较好的细化及强化效果。     

Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂对工业纯铝的晶粒细化

采用自制的Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂，检验了Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂对工业纯铝的晶粒细化能力，研究了Al-Ti-C的含碳量、添加量、保温时间、浇注温度等对工业纯铝晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明，对于工业纯铝添加质量分数为0.2％的Al-5.14Ti-0.3C晶粒细化剂，在725℃的铸造温度下保温2.5min，所得的铸锭晶粒细化效果最好。     

Comparison of geometries and electronic structures of polyacetylene,polyborole, polycyclopentadiene,polypyrrole, polyfuran,polysilole, polyphosphole,polythiophene, polyselenophene and polytellurophene

Geometries of monomers through hexamers of cylopentadiene, pyrrole, furan, silole, phosphole, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene, and monomers through nonamers of borole were optimized employing density functional theory with a slightly modified B3P86 hybrid functional. Bandgaps and bandwidths were obtained by extrapolating the appropriate energy levels of trimers through hexamers (hexamers through nonamers for borole) to infinity. Bandgaps increase with increasing π-donor strengths of the heteroatom. In general, second period heteroatoms lead to larger bandgaps than their higher period analogs. Polyborole is predicted to have a very small or no energy gap between the occupied and the unoccupied π-levels. Due to its electron deficient nature polyborole differs significantly from the other polymers. It has a quinoid structure and a large electron affinity. The bandgaps of heterocycles with weak donors (CH₂, SiH₂ and PH) are close to that of polyacetylene. For polyphosphole this is due to the pyramidal geometry at the phosphorous which prevents interaction of the phosphorus lone pair with the π-system. The bandgap of polypyrrole is the largest of all polymers studied. This can be attributed to the large π-donor strength of nitrogen. Polythiophene has the third largest bandgap. The valence bandwidths differ considerably for the various polymers since the avoided crossing between the flat HOMO — 1 band and the wide HOMO band occurs at different positions. The widths of the wide HOMO bands are similar for all systems studied. All of the polymers studied have strongly delecalized π-systems.     

Supplemental Literature Review of Binary Phase Diagrams: Bi-Ce, Bi-Er, C-Ce, C-La, C-Pr, Cd-I, Cr-Cu, Cu-Er, Er-Sb, F-Sm, F-Yb, and Fe-Gd

Recent literature on Bi-Ce, Bi-Er, C-Ce, C-La, C-Pr, Cd-I, Cr-Cu, Cu-Er, Er-Sb, F-Sm, F-Yb, and Fe-Gd phase diagrams is reviewed in this article in order to update the 1990 compilation Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd edition, by T.B. Massalski, et al. For some systems reaction tables and crystal structure data have been included, as well. Diagrams have been checked for consistency with rules for phase diagram construction and modified when necessary. In addition, diagrams needing more work have been identified.