数值模拟和实验研究Ti6Al4V合金激光熔透焊接残余应力

采用热-弹塑性三维有限元法研究激光熔透焊接Ti6Al4V合金的残余应力,并采用小孔法测量焊接残余应力以和计算结果进行比较.有限元计算时,建立了以焊缝形貌尺寸为参数的统一锥形热源模型来模拟不同热输入时的焊接温度场,并讨论了边界条件和有限元网格大小的确定.研究结果表明:采用焊缝轮廓尺寸作为热源参数能准确模拟焊缝横截面轮廓;钛合金激光熔透焊接的纵向残余应力分布梯度陡;在焊件表面和内部残余应力分布趋势不同,采用小孔法测量的残余应力分布和计算的焊接件内部残余应力分布相似.     

固态相变对P91钢焊接残余应力的影响

基于SYSWELD软件,首先模拟了P91的Satoh试验,得到加热、冷却过程中的温度-应力曲线. 通过Satoh试验探讨了因固态相变引起的体积变化、屈服强度的变化和相变过程中的超塑性对残余应力形成过程的影响. 随后,以平板TIG重熔模型为研究对象,系统讨论了固态相变对焊接残余应力分布和大小的影响. 结果表明,体积膨胀对焊接残余应力的形成过程和最终应力的大小与分布有显著影响,它不仅可改变焊缝及HAZ处的应力大小,甚至可能改变应力的符号. 相变引起的屈服强度变化对残余应力的形成及最终应力值的大小也有较明显的影响. 相变塑性的影响比前两者小,它在相变过程中有一定的"应力松弛"效应.     

环肋圆柱壳结构焊接残余应力和变形的数值模拟

运用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言,对耐压圆柱壳结构的焊接残余应力和变形编制计算程序,运用生死单元技术,对结构进行焊接热应力分析,得到环肋圆柱壳结构的焊接残余应力分布和焊接残余变形.计算结果表明,轴向焊接残余应力在结构肋骨附近呈双峰形态,以及残余变形在焊缝处(肋骨所在位置)最为剧烈,焊接轴向残余应力总体上来说比较小...     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Residual Stresses and Distortions in Pulsed Laser Welding of Hastelloy C-276 Thin Sheets

为了揭示0.5 mm厚度Hastelloy C-276薄板脉冲激光拘束焊接的热力学行为,借助ANSYS软件建立了三维有限元模型。实验测量了焊接温度历程和残余变形,验证了所建立有限元模型的可靠性。基于该有限元模型,采用改变夹具拘束条件的方法,进一步研究了拘束距离对Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接瞬态应力和塑性应变、残余应力及变形的影响规律。结果表明,温度历程和残余变形的模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;拘束距离对瞬态塑性应变的大小有显著影响,进而改变了残余应力及变形的分布和大小。随着夹具拘束距离从20 mm减小到4 mm,除了纵向残余拉伸应力外,横向残余拉伸应力和位移的峰值以及角变形的大小都呈减小的趋势。相对较小的拘束距离可以作为抑制横向残余拉伸应力和角变形的高效低成本方法,但对纵向残余拉伸应力有不利影响。     

预拉伸对铝合金焊接残余应力和变形的影响

在预拉伸应力作用下，进行了厚度为4mm的5A05铝合金试板的焊接，焊后残余应力及变形的测定结果表明．预拉伸焊接法可有效减小铝合金薄板焊后的纵向残余应力、纵向挠曲变形和平面变形。在弹性应力范由内，随着预应力的增大，试板的残余应力峰值、纵向挠曲变形及平面变形均逐渐减小。分析认为，预拉伸应力部分抵消了焊接区热膨胀产生的压缩应力，从而减小了压缩塑性变形，进而减小了冷却时焊接区域的拉伸应力水平，相应地远离焊缝区域的压缩应力也随之减小。     

焊接顺序对T形接头残余应力和变形的影响

采用有限元热弹塑性分析方法对T形接头不同焊接顺序的残余应力和变形进行模拟.有限元模型中选用三维实体单元,分析了材料物性参数随温度的变化和对流、辐射散热的影响.运用单元生死技术模拟T形接头多道焊接过程,获得了不同焊接顺序T形接头焊接温度场和残余应力、变形场,并对计算结果进行了分析.结果表明,焊接顺序对T形接头的残余应力和...     

沟槽蒙皮结构激光焊接应力和变形的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件MARC对"沟槽-蒙皮"结构的激光焊接过程进行三维数值模拟,涉及了激光焊接复合热源模型的确定,热力学边界条件的简化,数值模拟温度场的验证,以及残余变形和应力分布结果的分析和讨论.研究了结构上规则排列的多道焊缝的施焊顺序对焊接残余应力和变形的影响.结果表明,不同焊接顺序所产生的变形态相同,变形量有区别,而残余应力的分布则不同,以由外向中的对称顺序进行焊接时,结构的焊后残余变形最小,残余应力的分布比较均匀,峰值最小.     

BT20钛合金电子束热处理残余应力计算

利用三维有限元分析软件，模拟了BT20钛合金薄板焊态和焊后电子束局部热处理的实际焊接温度场以及残余应力的分布。结合数值计算，讨论了不同的热处理方式以及热处理工艺参数对焊接接头残余应力分布的影响。结果表明，在钛合金薄板焊缝的背面进行电子束局部热处理，可以显著降低焊缝中心处的残余拉应力。数值计算结果还表明，在其它工艺参数相同的情况下，随着局部热处理加热宽度和加热时间的增加，焊缝及近缝区的纵向残余应力随之降低，同时产生残余应力的范围也随之增大。     

数值计算模拟工艺参数对电子束焊接残余应力的影响

电子束焊接残余应力的实测需要花费大量成本,因此采用数值模拟其焊接残余应力的大小和分布具有重要意义.利用三维有限元分析程序,建立了TC4钛合金板电子束焊接温度场和残余应力场的有限元分析模型,着重分析了高压和中压两种工艺参数对其接头焊接残余应力的影响.旨在探讨不同工艺参数对电子束焊接过程的影响规律,从而优化工艺,降低成本.计算结果表明,采用中压参数焊接的电子束焊接接头残余应力的峰值比采用高压参数的接头残余应力峰值高;而且其残余应力分布更集中于焊接接头中段.     

大型电机转子焊接残余应力的数值分析

利用轴对称模型研究了大型电机转子焊接残余应力分布规律 ,探讨了单层单道焊情况下两侧同时焊接、热套、预热等工艺以及三层四道焊情况下焊接顺序对焊接残余应力的影响。研究结果表明 ,磁轭圈与辐板焊接后在焊缝及其周围区域产生较大的三向残余拉应力 ;两侧同时焊接可大大降低径向残余应力 ;热套可降低三向残余拉应力 ,热套后直接焊与热套后先冷却后焊相比效果更佳 ;预热可以降低周向残余拉应力 ;多道焊时径向残余应力主要取决于最后一层 ,尤其是最后一道焊缝 ;两侧的最后一道焊缝同时焊接可显著降低径向残余应力 ,而前面的焊道同时焊接与否并不重要。研究结果为优化生产工艺 ,降低残余应力提供了理论依据     

An analysis of through-thickness residual stresses in aluminium FSW butt joints

In the paper, the results of a wide experimental campaign on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys are reported. The attention was focused on the through-thickness residual stresses that occur on aluminum joints, after the welding process. In detail, using the hole-drilling method the residual stresses distribution in the zone close to the tool shoulder border of the joint advancing side, has been investigated; four different aluminum alloys and three different process conditions have been considered. The experimental analysis has shown that unlike traditional welding processes, the residual stresses are negative in the surface of the examined zone, and increase with depth until values of about 100–150 MPa that occur at a depth of about 0.5–1.0 mm. As expected, the maximum value of the residual stresses induced by the FSW process influences the mechanical behavior of the joint significantly, as it has been observed for the AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy by considering its static and fatigue resistance.Such results corroborate that the hole-drilling method, widely employed in the industrial field due to its simplicity and low cost, can be used for an accurate estimation of the maximum residual stresses that occur in an aluminum butt joint obtained by friction stir welding.     

A comparative study of the residual deformation of an automotive gear-case assembly due to deep-penetration high-energy welding

A three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element model was used to investigate the relative effects of different joint forms on the welding distortion and residual stresses in an automotive differential assembly due to deep-penetration high-energy welding. Numerical studies were carried out to determine optimal selections of heat generation rate and the number of weld segments to ensure both computational efficiency and accuracy of the calculation. To model the constraints and boundary conditions realistically, contact elements were used at the mating surfaces of different structural components and the shrink fit between the gear and differential case was modeled using couple sets. Two situations representing welded gear-case assemblies where the weld joints were oriented at 0° and 30° with respect to the radial direction were analyzed. Predicted welding distortions and residual stresses are compared and discussed in detail. The results indicate that the residual tensile stresses in the 0° radial joint are larger than those in the 30° angled joint and that residual distortion is sensitive to joint form.     

厚板角接多道焊的温度、变形及残余应力分析

采用振动焊接及气冷的方式与常规焊接对比,研究了埋弧自动焊厚板角接多道焊的温度、变形及残余应力.结果表明,和常规焊接相比,振动焊接不仅可以使焊接残余应力下降,而且也可以减小焊接横向收缩变形;气冷的方法,可以使试样散热更快,达到控制温度的目的,同时也可以减小焊接残余应力和焊接横向收缩变形.焊接中测量的焊接变形,为焊接结构的加工提供了参考数据.     

焊接顺序对薄壁八边形管-板焊接接头残余应力的影响（英文）

考虑实际焊接中热-机械的直接耦合效应,通过热-弹塑性有限元法建立三维有限元模型来研究不同焊接顺序对薄壁6061铝合金焊件焊后残余应力分布的影响,采用单道TIG焊接实验来验证模拟结果的准确性;利用九种不同的焊接顺序来研究八边形管和底板之间焊后残余应力的分布状态。结果表明,焊缝及其附近存在的初始残余应力并不影响最终残余应力的分布;选择合理的焊接顺序可以有效降低八边形管-板接头的残余应力。     

不同内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力的影响

为了研究高强钢锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力在不同内压作用下的变化规律,首先运用ANSYS中的APDL语言编制了焊接残余应力计算程序,并用模型试验验证其可靠性.在数值模拟和试验结果相一致的基础上,计算了锥柱耐压壳的初始焊接残余应力.然后对有初始焊接残余应力的锥柱耐压壳在不同内压下的残余应力变化规律进行研究.结果表明,随着内压的...     

On reducing the post-heat-treatment time of the weldment

Post heat treatment of weldments is one of the most extensively used techniques by the industrial community for relieving welding residual stresses. Such practice not only delays the manufacturing process, but also increases the cost of manufacturing. In this article, an idea of a new welding technique, which is a promising tool for relieving welding residual stresses, is presented. This method is anticipated to reduce the time and cost of the manufacturing process. The first part of the investigation focuses on simulation of an idea by using an auxiliary heat source for creating a weldment with a more uniform temperature distribution both spatially and temporally. A subroutine has been developed for optimizing the size of an auxiliary heat input (AHI). The details of the subroutine and the parameters considered for optimizing the AHI are presented. The results show that by increasing the stabilizing temperature and size of the AHI, the speed of cooling and spatial temperature gradient decreases. This may result in reducing the level of residual stresses.     

摩擦搅拌焊接过程残余应力的中子衍射法测量分析

利用中子衍射法测量了2024-T4铝合金板摩擦搅拌焊接头残余应力分布,得到了接头内部不同位置处的残余应力,研究了焊接速度对残余应力的影响。结果表明,纵向残余应力总体水平比横向残余应力高,是接头内的主要残余应力;当搅拌头转速相同时,提高焊接速度,纵向残余应力增大;横向残余应力除了在匙孔附近较大外,在其余位置处的残余应力都围绕0轴在拉应力与压应力之间波动,整体残余应力水平相对纵向残余应力小很多。     

Q345/SUS304异种钢对接接头残余应力和变形的分析

以ABAQUS软件为平台,开发了热-弹-塑性有限元计算方法用于模拟Q345/SUS304异种钢多层多道焊对接接头的温度场、残余应力和焊接变形. 同时,采用试验方法测量了焊接接头的残余应力、横向收缩和角变形. 计算得到的残余应力、横向收缩和角变形与实测值吻合良好,验证了计算方法的妥当性. 结果表明,Q345母材与焊缝交界处的应力分布有明显的不连续性,靠近交界处Q345侧的较窄范围内纵向拉伸应力明显低于该区的两侧;SUS304侧的高纵向拉伸应力区明显宽于Q345侧. 此外,试验和数值分析表明,Q345/SUS304异质接头有较明显的角变形.     

Residual stress evaluation in small diameter pipes welded using the orbital TIG process

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of orbital TIG welding on the level of residual stresses in the joint, on the resultant microstructure and on the surface appearance of the weld bead, considering the effects of the welding energy, of the number of passes and of the pulse type (current and rotation) in tubes of small diameter and to contribute to the analysis of decisions of whether or not to apply hydrostatic tests or thermal treatment post welding. The test pieces, welded with different levels of energy, pulses and number of passes, were submitted to measurement of residual stresses in an X-ray diffractometer. The samples were also submitted to metallographic analyses. It was concluded that the residual stresses on the external surface of the tubes are compressive in nature. The level of residual stresses in the tubes falls with the increase in welding energy and is lower for tubes welded using pulsing than for those welded without pulsing and, for this work, was not influenced substantially by the number of passes. The samples analysed presented conventional microstructures for the steel employed.     

T型焊接试件焊接残余应力分布的测定

为了掌握钢结构中焊接残余应力的具体分布状态,采用基于逆磁致伸缩效应原理的无损检测方法,利用磁测应力仪对T型焊接试件焊缝附近不同层深处的焊接残余应力进行了实际测量,得到了距焊件表面1、1.5和2 mm三个不同层深的焊接残余应力分布规律,并和基于有限元法的数值模拟计算结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,焊缝附近区域残余应力较大,随着层深的增加,横向和纵向残余应力均由压应力逐渐过渡为拉应力,而纵向残余应力在远离焊缝中心的区域内,则改由拉应力过渡为压应力.