低温恒电流氮化提高316L不锈钢导电及耐腐蚀性能

目的 解决恒电位电化学氮化时高的过电位引起的析氢反应对316LSS综合性能的恶化,提出采用恒电流技术对其进行电化学氮化改性,并确定最佳的试验参数。方法 借助于循环伏安、计时电位,交流阻抗和动电位极化等电化学方法,扫描电镜及X射线光电子能谱分析,研究还原电流密度对316LSS表面形貌、耐腐蚀性能、疏水性能和接触电阻等的影响。结果 还原电流密度为5 m A/cm²时,反应后表面形成的氮掺杂凸起结构呈现明显的疏水性能,最大疏水角为103.7°。140 N/cm²的压紧力下,界面接触电阻为8.9 mΩ·cm²,在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄+5 mg/L F^–的测试电解质中,腐蚀电流密度为0.025μA/cm²。同一极板在阴、阳极总共长达13 h的耐久性测试中,腐蚀电流密度均小于1μA/cm²,且腐蚀后表面只出现了少量的腐蚀坑。结论 316LSS在0.5 mol/L KNO₃+0.1 mol/L ...     

高耐腐蚀性能FeCoCrMoCBY合金中的最优Cr/Mo摩尔比（英文）

采用水冷铜模吸铸法制备(Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2)_(100-x)Cr_x(x=0,4,8,12,摩尔分数,%)块体金属玻璃,利用电化学方法研究其在1 mol/L HCl中的耐腐蚀性能。电化学测试发现钝化电流密度降低了大约一个数量级,同时发现适当的Cr/Mo摩尔比可以保证钝化膜的稳定性。Mott–Schottky曲线证实当Cr/Mo摩尔比为1.37~1.69时,合金的钝化膜更致密。采用XPS分析钝化膜中元素的化学状态,发现合金耐腐蚀性能与Cr/Mo摩尔比有关,钝化膜的稳定性由Cr和Mo协同作用决定。钝化膜的主要成分为Cr~(3+)的氧化物。当电位高于0.5 V(vs SCE)时,Mo6+是决定钝化膜稳定性的主要因素。适当的Cr/Mo摩尔比可以降低钝化膜的腐蚀速率。     

聚苯胺/不锈钢双极板在H2SO4中腐蚀性能的变化规律

目的提高质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板的耐蚀性。方法采用循环伏安法,在316L不锈钢(SS)表面电合成导电聚苯胺(PANI)膜,制备PANI/316L SS复合双极板。用红外光谱确定PANI官能团结构,用扫描电镜观察表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱研究PANI膜成分和键合状态。用0.2 mol/L H2SO4模拟PEMFC腐蚀环境,采用极化曲线研究PANI/316LSS耐腐蚀性能,采用开路电位(OCP)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),研究PANI/316L SS在长期浸泡过程中的腐蚀行为的变化规律。结果 PANI膜具有中间氧化态结构,呈现纤维堆积形貌。XPS结果表明,PANI膜中含有C、N、S和O等元素,聚合过程中"对阴离子"SO42-通过"掺杂"进入PANI分子链。涂覆PANI薄膜的316L SS腐蚀电位提高了0.17 V,长期浸泡过程中,OCP介于0.19～0.32 V之间,说明PANI/316L SS的腐蚀倾向降低。浸泡初期,OCP增大对应于膜/基界面处钝化膜的形成;浸泡中期,OCP下降/上升与钝化膜的溶解/修复有关;浸泡后期,OCP持续下降源于钝化膜的溶解。EIS的Nyquist图由高频端容抗弧和低频端扩散尾构成。结论随着浸泡时间延长,PANI膜被氧化,导致"对阴离子"SO_4~(2-)从PANI中发生"脱掺杂",使膜电阻增加,容抗弧半径增大。浸泡82天,PANI/316L SS体系仍具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

电位对聚苯胺/不锈钢双极板腐蚀性能的影响

目的 增强双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)工作条件下的耐腐蚀性能.方法 以1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯(EMIES)离子液体作为聚合反应电解质,采用循环伏安法在316L不锈钢(SS)上电聚合聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜制备PANI/316L SS双极板.采用SEM观察表面形貌,采用FTIR分析官能团结构,采用XPS分析元素组成和键合状态.采用恒电位法控制PANI/316L SS电位分别为0.5、0.6、0.7 V(vs.SCE)以模拟PEMFC阴极电位,测量恒电位极化后开路电位、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的变化.结果 PANI膜均匀平整局部有微裂纹.FTIR显示有苯环、醌环、S=O和—COOH伸缩振动.XPS表明PANI膜含有C、N、O和S等元素.PANI/316L SS极化曲线在钝化区内电流密度波动较大,EIS的Nyquist图由高频容抗弧和低频直线构成,容抗弧半径随着极化电位的升高而增大.结论 PANI为中间氧化态结构,EMIES阴离子(CH3CH2SO4–)和草酸阴离子(HOOC-COO–)在PANI分子链中均有掺杂.在PEMFC阴极工作电位下PANI/316L SS处于阳极极化状态,电位对PANI/316L SS的耐蚀性影响显著,在0.6 V下PANI/316L SS呈现很好的耐蚀性,电位升高至0.7 V时,发生PANI过度氧化,导致"对阴离子"脱掺杂,使PANI/316L SS的导电性和耐蚀性下降.     

聚苯胺膜/不锈钢复合双极板的耐蚀性和导电性

目的在316L不锈钢(SS)表面沉积聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,制备PANI/316L SS复合材料双极板,提高316LSS在质子交换膜燃料电池工作环境下的耐腐蚀性能和导电性能。方法采用循环伏安法,在0.1 mol/L苯胺单体与0.2 mol/L H2SO4组成的水溶液中,在316L SS基体上电化学聚合PANI薄膜。采用SEM观察表面形貌,采用FTIR和Raman分析PANI官能团结构,采用XPS分析PANI膜中元素组成和化学键合状态。采用开路电位(OCP)、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究PANI/316L SS腐蚀性能。采用四探针技术研究PANI膜的导电性。结果 SEM观察显示PANI膜为纤维状堆积物。红外光谱发现苯环、醌环和S==O伸缩振动,拉曼光谱发现掺杂态的半醌自由基C—N+·,确定合成的PANI具有中间氧化态结构。XPS分析表明,聚合过程发生了质子酸掺杂,"对阴离子"(SO42-)进入PANI分子链中,掺杂度为3%～4%。电化学测试表明,PANI/316L SS的OCP为0.15～0.25 V,PANI使316L SS腐蚀倾向降低,随着Cl-浓度的升高,腐蚀电流密度增大。结论在酸性含Cl-介质中,PANI/316L SS体系耐蚀性好,膜/基界面处保护性氧化膜Fe2O3和Cr2O3的形成,使PANI/316L SS体系耐腐蚀性能提高。在制备条件下,PANI膜厚度介于146～315μm之间,电导率范围为1.33～8.91 S/cm。     

稀土铈对Fe-3Cr钝化膜电化学腐蚀行为的影响

利用电容测试法和电化学阻抗谱技术研究了稀土Ce对Fe-3Cr合金在1 mol/L NaHCO3+0.5 mol/L Na2CO3缓冲溶液中所形成的钝化膜电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:稀土Ce能大大降低钝化膜内的施主密度,使膜电阻和离子在膜内的传递电阻增大,导致离子在膜内的扩散能力降低.稀土的加入可以增强基体合金在含有Cl-缓冲溶液中的耐腐蚀性能.     

成膜电位对316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中电化学行为的影响

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法研究了316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中钝化膜的电化学性能,并通过MottSchottky曲线考察了不同成膜电位下钝化膜的半导体性质。结果表明,316L不锈钢在-0.1~0.5 V发生了明显的钝化现象,在0.3 V成膜电位下形成的钝化膜更加致密和稳定。Mott-Schottky曲线结果表明,成膜电位对于316L不锈钢钝化膜的半导体特征性质没有根本影响,在钝化区间内钝化膜呈p型半导体特征,在0.3 V时受主密度最小。     

316L和HR-2不锈钢在盐酸液膜环境中的钝化与点蚀

基于自行设计组装的盐酸液膜腐蚀模拟装置,采用腐蚀挂片、电阻探针、Tafel极化、电化学阻抗等方法,研究了316L和HR-2不锈钢在浓度分别为1、0.5和0.1 mol/L,温度分别为90、70和60℃的盐酸蒸汽环境中的钝化和点蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、XRD对腐蚀试样和腐蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明:两种不锈钢的腐蚀速率随时间先加快后减慢最后趋于稳定,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率相对较高;两种不锈钢均能形成稳定钝化区,且维钝电流密度相差不大,HR-2孔蚀电位的钝化区间总体都比316L不锈钢高,说明HR-2不锈钢更耐腐蚀;另外,两种不锈钢表面腐蚀产物成分基本相同,316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀产物更多更密集,这是由于O的吸附被C1-所取代,钢体表面上的钝化膜难以形成或破坏,并且更可能导致不锈钢点蚀。     

Hank‘s人工模拟体液中离子注氮对4种植入金属材料腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术研究了离子注氮对SUS316L不锈钢，Co-Cr合金，工业纯钛和Ti-6Al-4V植入合金在Hank’s人工模拟体液中腐蚀行为的影响。腐蚀电位和极化曲线的测量结果表明，注氮使4种植入金属材料的腐蚀电位正移，钝化电位区间扩大，耐蚀性明显提高。注氮的工业纯钛和Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐蚀性最佳，其钝化区拓宽为4V以上。通过AES分析发现，离子注氮后钛及其合金表面形成的氮化钛膜层及弥散的氮化钛析出相的化学效应，使基体电化学性能得到提高。注氮的Co-Cr合金的耐蚀性略优于SUS316L不锈钢。Co-Cr合金表面形成的钴氮化合物相对基体起到保护作用，降低了腐蚀速率。SUS316L不锈钢表面形成铁和铬氮化合物膜，有效地阻止了Cr^3 的水解，且氮离子注入促进Fe3O4的产生，提高了耐腐蚀性能。     

2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明：两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.