时效析出相在强变形过程中的室温回归现象

利用透射电镜和硬度测量实验手段，研究了多相Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在强烈塑性变形中的组织和性能变化，特别是析出相的改变。结果发现：强烈塑性变形加工可引起析出相变形、碎化，然后溶入基体形成过饱和固溶体。这种合金在重新时效处理时可再次沉淀析出。提出了析出相回溶现象的“畸变自由能”观点。认为因品格畸变导致析出相自由能显著升高，当高于基体相的自由能时，便会发生析出相室温溶解的自发过程，称此过程为应变回归以区别于由热处理时加热引起的回归。     

强变形诱导形成的Al-Cu合金过饱和固溶体在继续变形时的再析出行为

利用X射线衍射分析及透射电镜观察,研究含析出相的Al-Cu合金经多向压缩变形诱导析出相回溶后形成的过饱和固溶体在继续变形过程中的再析出行为.结果表明:Al-Cu合金中的析出相经强塑性变形诱导形成过饱和固溶体;在继续变形过程中,当变形量增大到一定程度后过饱和固溶体将分解出析出相,此时析出相的析出顺序与常规态过饱和固溶体分解的析出顺序不同,过渡相析出被抑制,直接形成稳定相.当过饱和固溶体在继续变形过程中析出稳定相后,稳定相的回溶和再析出交替进行.     

C含量对GH4169合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

为了研究C元素含量对GH4169合金显微组织及力学性能的影响,采用真空感应熔炼、均匀化热处理、锻造和固溶处理得到C含量分别为0.025%、0.044%和0.072%的三种GH4169合金,通过热力学计算和差示扫描量热法研究了不同C含量GH4169合金的平衡相析出行为,并结合显微组织观察、X射线衍射相分析和室温拉伸试验,分析了C含量对GH4169合金显微组织、室温拉伸性能和加工硬化指数的影响。结果表明：C含量的增加会促进GH4169合金中MC和M23C6碳化物的析出,富Nb的MC碳化物含量随C含量的增加呈线性趋势增加。C含量的增加会抑制δ相的析出,对γ′相的析出无显著影响。随C含量的增加,固溶态GH4169合金的晶粒得到细化,室温强度升高,断后伸长率降低,加工硬化指数降低,均匀塑性变形能力降低。MC碳化物及其引起的微孔是导致合金室温拉伸断裂的主要原因。     

室温停放时间对Al-Zn-Mg合金组织与性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用显微硬度测试、室温拉伸试验,电导率测试和透射电镜等方法,对不同室温停放时间经过人工时效后的Al-Zn-Mg合金的力学性能、电导率和透射微观组织进行研究。结果表明:Al-Zn-Mg铝合金不经过室温停放时性能最优,强度、伸长率和硬度可以达到502.71 MPa、10.20%和173.20 HV;不同的室温停放时间Al-Zn-Mg合金的晶内析出相尺寸、数量以及晶界析出形貌和无沉淀析出带(PFZ)的宽度不同,室温停放3~6 h合金的综合性能优良,强度均能达到450 MPa以上,晶内析出相为亚稳相η′和平衡相η,晶界分布着断续的平衡相,PFZ宽度约为40~50 nm;室温停放的时间会影响后续人工时效GP区的形核。     

稀土元素Gd对NiAl合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同Gd含量对二元NiAl合金组织以及室温和1100 ℃压缩性能的影响.结果表明,稀土Gd在NiAl中的固溶度很小,在合金晶内及晶界大量析出一种脆硬的新相--富Gd相.由于Gd的固溶强化和适量富Gd相产生的第二相强化,使得含0.10Gd合金的室温压缩强度高于二元NiAl的,而晶界上析出较多的富Gd相又使得含0.25Gd和0.50Gd合金的室温压缩强度较低;Gd的净化基体作用使得NiAl-Gd合金的室温压缩塑性高于二元NiAl的室温压缩塑性.含Gd合金在1100℃压缩,亦未出现应变软化现象.     

强变形Al-Cu合金的退火组织与性能

研究时效Al-Cu合金强塑性变形后退火过程中的显微组织与性能的变化.制备分别只含θ″、θ′和θ相的时效Al-Cu合金,在室温多向压缩变形(MAC)后进行低温退火,测试合金的拉伸性能,借助X射线衍射仪和透射电镜分析显微结构的变化.结果表明,合金中含θ″相和含θ′相试样分别在MAC变形8道次和12道次时,析出相完全回溶于基体,形成过饱和固溶体.在退火过程中,基体发生回复,并伴随粒子再次析出,产生析出强化,再析出速度比同温度下的常规时效快.在120 ℃退火时,析出相完全回溶的含θ″相试样和含θ′相试样的强度分别在前60和30 min上升,而析出相未回溶的含θ相试样的强度则下降;在150 ℃退火时,析出相完全回溶的含θ″相试样和含θ′相试样强度与退火前强度基本持平,而析出相未回溶的含θ相试样强度明显下降;在200 ℃退火时,析出相回溶的试样和未回溶的试样强度都出现明显下降.说明强变形Al-Cu合金退火时强度取决于析出强化与回复软化的综合作用.在所有试样中,MAC变形8道次的含θ″相试样在120 ℃下退火60 min,表现出最好的综合性能.     

不同固溶温度对双相不锈钢σ相析出及冲击韧性的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、室温冲击等方法,研究了不同固溶温度下2205双相不锈钢σ相析出行为以及对冲击性能的影响,用于指导双相不锈钢的热加工工艺.结果表明:在750～ 900℃时,有σ相析出,析出位置集中在α/γ相界上.随着固溶温度的升高,σ相析出尺寸变大,析出量呈先增多再减少,σ相析出的鼻尖温度范围在850 ～ 900℃之间.σ相析出使2205双相不锈钢冲击韧性急剧下降,随固溶温度的升高,冲击韧性持续降低,900℃时冲击韧性最差,仅有38 J,因此双相不锈钢在热加工过程中应尽量避免在σ相析出温度范围内停留.     

塑性变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金析出行为及拉伸断裂行为的影响

研究塑性变形对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金析出行为及拉伸断裂行为的影响。结果表明：塑性变形引发的晶体缺陷为时效析出提供了更多的形核核心,不仅使β′相的数量增加,还促进晶界、孪晶与基体界面处析出相的生成。析出相数量的增多可有效阻碍拉伸变形过程中的位错滑移从而强化合金基体,2%变形合金可实现强度与塑性的良好配合。塑性变形量增大,微裂纹在晶界析出相与基体界面处产生并沿晶界扩展,再加之断口表面平滑刻面的形成导致合金的拉伸性能降低。     

室温大变形条件下强制固溶与析出现象研究现状

综述了在室温下剧烈塑性变形导致合金第二相回溶和难溶合金固溶度的扩展现象,介绍了产生第二相回溶的微观机制,以及后续时效处理时的析出行为.     

塑性变形对Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Ag非晶合金中二十面体准晶相析出的影响

利用x射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了轧制对Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5非晶合金中二十面体准晶相析出的影响.实验发现,经轧制塑性变形合金在随后的加热过程中二十面体准晶相的析出量增加,在变形量ε=70%时达到最大.另外,析出的二十面体准晶相的稳定性随着变形量增大而提高,在ε=70%时达到最大,随后又开始降低.这是由于合金在塑性变形过程中的原子组态发生变化所致.     

Evolution of precipitates of Al-Cu alloy during equal-channel angular pressing at room temperature

The evolution of precipitates and hardness changes in Al-Cu alloys during equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） at room temperature were investigated by hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that with the increase of the total equivalent strain during ECAP from 0 to 8.4, the hardness of specimens with metastable θ″ phase increases first and decreases in later period. The hardness increases successively in specimens containing metastable θ′ phase and equilibrium θ phase. It is believed that the evolutions of hardness are related to the mechanism of re-dissolution of precipitates. A critical nuclei size concept is provided to express the mechanism of such re-dissolution of three precipitates in Al-Cu alloys.     

CuCr25合金的机械变形及性能

采用真空熔炼制备的CuCr25合金，在低应变速率下冷轧变形，研究了组织及性能变化。结果表明：CuCr25合金的电导率随着轧制变形程度的增大，开始略有上升，然后不断下降，经过一定量的大变形后，电导率又有上升；CuCr25合金的硬度不断上升，CuCr25合金硬度的上升主要是由于Cu基硬度的上升；经过大量的冷轧变形后，Cr相成纤维状和条带状，并有空洞生成；CuCr25合金在室温下具有超塑性。     

加热温度对高硫车轮钢夹杂物化学冶金的影响

研究了高温加热对高硫车轮钢中MnS+Al2O3复合夹杂物结构与形态的影响。通过采用扫描电子显微(SEM)技术对高硫车轮钢中夹杂物的类型及尺寸进行了分析统计。结果表明：加热温度为1 300 ℃时,MnS回溶对MnS+Al2O3复合相的包裹效果没有产生显著地破坏作用。而当加热温度升至1 350 ℃后,由于大量的硫化物回溶,使不少氧化物夹杂物直接暴露于钢基体,破坏高硫钢中MnS＋Al2O3复合相的包裹效果。在含硫车轮钢的热加工过程中,应该尽量降低处理温度（低于1 300 ℃）来降低MnS回溶对全包裹Al2O3复合夹杂物的破坏作用。     

不完全再结晶Fe40Mn10Cr25Ni25高熵合金的室温及低温力学性能

采用冷轧和退火热处理工艺制备了不完全再结晶结构的Fe₄₀Mn₁₀Cr₂₅Ni₂₅高熵合金,分析了合金的室温(298 K)及低温(77 K)拉伸时的力学性能。结果表明,合金具有优良的室温及低温力学性能,合金在低温拉伸时强度和塑性均得到了提高,其室温强度和断后伸长率分别为880 MPa和18%,低温强度和断后伸长率分别为1360 MPa和36%。合金在室温变形以位错滑移为主,低温变形以位错滑移和孪生为主。室温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒先于细晶晶粒变形,导致试样内部产生了应变梯度,提高了合金的加工硬化率,使合金在室温下具有良好的强塑性。低温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒中形成了大量的变形孪晶,从而提高了合金的低温力学性能。     

铝铁合金半固态变形的组织演变

对电磁搅拌的铝铁合金在半固态温度条件下用INSTRON-5500R实验机进行单向压缩实验,实验结果表明,铝铁合金在半固态温度变形时,随着变形温度的升高,真应力峰值降低;随着应变速率增加,真应力峰值也增加,随后会发生应变-软化现象。应变速率愈小,软化过程愈长,应力下降愈缓慢。变形试样中心和边缘区域的变形情况不同,中心区域固相颗粒的变形程度大于边缘区域。在不同的变形量、变形温度和变形速率下,其内部固-液两相的流动方式和变形机理不同。固相主要集中在试样的心部发生塑性变形,而液相则流向边部,其组织形貌与变形温度、变形量和变形速率都有直接的关系。     

热加工对电子束焊接TC11/Ti2AlNb双合金接头组织和性能的影响（英文）

研究热加工对电子束焊接TC11/Ti2Al Nb双合金接头显微组织的影响,对焊接件热暴露前后的室温拉伸性能进行测试。结果表明:电子束焊接TC11/Ti2Al Nb双合金熔合区主要由β相组成;经过变形和热处理后,熔合区主要由β、α2和α相组成,同时原始铸态的晶界在变形过程中破碎。在拉伸试验中,熔合区是薄弱区域;在不同的变形条件下,试样(热暴露前后)在此区域发生断裂。热处理后试样的最大室温拉伸强度达到1190 MPa;锻后水冷试样具有较好的塑性,其伸长率达到4.4%。相比较而言,经过(500°C,100 h)的热暴露后,试样的室温拉伸强度略有上升,但塑性变化较小。拉伸断口SEM观察显示,在不同变形条件下穿晶断裂为主要的断裂机制。     

Microstructural analysis of thermally induced and deformation induced martensitic transformations in Fe–12.5 wt.% Mn–5.5 wt.% Si–9 wt.% Cr–3.5 wt.% Ni alloy

Martensitic transformations induced by thermally and compression deformation at room temperature in Fe–12.5 wt.% Mn–5.5 wt.% Si–9 wt.% Cr–3.5 wt.% Ni alloy were studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From microstructural observations, it was seen that heat treated samples exhibited regular overlapping of stacking faults and ɛ martensite plates were formed parallel to each other. Also, TEM investigations showed that the orientation relationship between γ (fcc) and ɛ (hcp) phases corresponds to Shoji–Nishiyama type. With applied low plastic deformation rate, only ɛ martensite occurred in austenite grain. As a consequence, 4 and 25% plastic deformation at room temperature caused ɛ martensite formation in austenite phase and the new ɛ (hcp) and α′ (bcc) martensite formation in martensite phases, respectively. Orientation relationship between ɛ and α′ phases was found by the electron diffraction analysis.     

Ultrahigh-pressure consolidation and deformation of tantalum carbide at ambient and high temperatures

The deformation mechanism of the ultrahigh-temperature ceramic, tantalum carbide (TaC), consolidated at room temperature at a very high hydrostatic pressure of 7.7 GPa is investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The deformation behavior of TaC at room temperature is also compared with that consolidated at high temperature (1830 °C) at a similar pressure. TaC could be consolidated to a bulk structure (90% theoretical density) at room temperature. The deformation mechanisms operating at room temperature and 1830 °C are found to be significantly different. The room-temperature deformation is dominated by the short-range movement of dislocations in multiple orientations, along with nanotwinning, grain rotation, crystallite misorientation with low-angle grain boundary formation and lattice structure destruction at interfaces. In contrast, at high temperature, the strain is accommodated mostly by a single slip system, forming a parallel array of dislocations. The consolidation at room temperature occurs by heavy deformation with the support from short range diffusion, whereas the consolidation at high temperature is mostly diffusion dominated, indicating a classic sintering mechanism. The improved degree of consolidation with fewer defects results in significantly improved elastic modulus and hardness in the case of high-temperature consolidate.     

High-temperature Tensile Behavior in Coarse-grained and Fine-grained Nb-containing 25Cr-20Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel

In this study, tensile behavior of Nb-containing 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steels composed of coarse or fine grains has been investigated at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 900 °C. Results show that the tensile strength of fine-grained specimens decreases faster than that of coarse-grained specimens, as the test temperature increases from 600 °C to 800 °C. The rapidly decreasing tensile strength is attributed to the enhanced dynamic recovery and recrystallization, because additional slip systems are activated, and cross-slipping is accelerated during deformation in fine-grained specimens. After tensile testing at 700-900 °C, sigma phases are formed concurrently with dynamic recrystallization in fine-grained specimens. The precipitation of sigma phases is induced by simultaneous recrystallization as the diffusion of alloying elements is accelerated during the recrystallization process. Additionally, the minimum ductility is observed in coarse-grained specimens at 800 °C, which is caused by the formation of M₂₃C₆ precipitates at the grain boundaries.