汽车尾气净化催化剂金属载体表面预处理的研究

金属载体催化剂在汽车尾气净化领域具有明显应用前景,但金属载体与活性涂层的牢固结合以及金属的高温抗氧化性能是急需解决的问题。本文通过表面预处理在FeCrAl合金箔片表面生成Al2O3过渡层,使γ-Al2O3活性涂层与FeCrAl箔良好结合,并采用SEM、EDS、XPS、XRD、超声振落及热冲击的方法研究了预处理后FeCrAl箔的表面结构、活性涂层的性能及与FeCrAl箔的结合。结果表明,经过预处理的FeCrAl箔对活性涂层的一次负载率>11%;在500℃和900℃下,涂层的比表面积分别为166.0m2/g和71.05m2/g;在59kHz,30min超声波作用下,涂层脱落率为1.5%～2.5%;800℃至室温热冲击涂层损失率为0.1449%。该Al2O3过渡层有可能使金属载体与活性涂层间的结合问题得到解决。     

FeAl系电热爆炸喷涂层抗高温氧化腐蚀性能对比

利用金属导体FeAl系合金箔,电热爆炸产生的瞬间高能量冲击波效应,制备FeAI、FeCrAl、FeCrAlRE三种等离子体喷涂层.通过涂层SEM等检测手段,可以看出涂层具有致密的组织结构,同时涂层与基体之间存在较为明显的过渡层.经高温氧化耐蚀性测试等综合分析,结果表明,FeCrAlRE喷涂层耐高温氧化腐蚀能力较FeCrAl平均提高2.20倍,较FeAl喷涂层增加3.83倍,同时还研究了三种等离子体喷涂层的高温氧化过程变化规律.     

金属载体表面玻璃涂层的表征及结合强度

为解决由于热膨胀系数不同而引起的涂层脱落问题,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备玻璃涂层,涂覆于Ni-Cr-Fe金属载体表面。通过XRD和SEM表征载体和涂层的微观结构,超声振动、热冲击和拉伸实验,评价Ni-Cr-Fe金属载体与玻璃涂层的结合能力。实验结果表明,金属载体表面预处理可以提高载体的几何表面积,载体在900℃高温氧化5 h,出现成簇浮凸状形貌。制备的玻璃涂层均匀、致密,厚度约7.8μm,呈非晶态结构。在超声振动实验中脱落率小于20%,热冲击实验中脱落率小于10%,玻璃涂层具有较高的结合强度。     

FeAl系电热爆炸等离子体喷涂层高温耐蚀性能研究

利用金属导体FeAl系合金箔,电热爆炸产生的瞬间高能量冲击波效应,制备FeAl、FeCrAl、FeCrAlRE等离子体喷涂层。通过涂层SEM等检测,可以看出涂层致密,同时涂层与基体可以形成冶金结合层,涂层与基体之间存在明显的过渡层。经高温氧化、氯化、硫化耐蚀性测试,得出3种等离子体喷涂层的腐蚀变化规律,从而优选出耐高温腐蚀的FeCrAlRE电热爆炸等离子体涂层。     

阳极氧化对半固态成形ZL114A合金铸件耐蚀性能的影响

研究了阳极氧化工艺和表面液相偏析层对半固态成形ZL114A合金铸件耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：对于阳极氧化而言，表面液相偏析层会显著影响氧化膜生长速率，使得氧化膜厚度减小，但由于膜层平整，反而有利于氧化膜对合金耐蚀性能提高；然而，去除表面液相偏析层虽然会增加试样表面氧化膜的厚度，但由于这种氧化膜分布不均匀，从而无法提高合金的耐蚀性。未经阳极氧化处理的试样耐蚀性分析结果表明，表面液相偏析层的存在会降低试样的耐蚀性，去除表面液相偏析层会在一定程度上提高耐蚀性。对氧化膜腐蚀后的蚀坑研究发现，共晶组织对氧化膜的蚀坑的形成起着决定性作用，蚀坑通常位于共晶组织部位，且在蚀坑中往往发现有富铁金属间化合物。     

盐雾腐蚀对Al-Si涂层循环氧化行为的影响

研究了盐雾腐蚀对Ni基高温合金Al-Si防护涂层循环 氧化行为的影响.结果表明，涂层在盐雾腐蚀后，表面Al2O3膜受到破坏，出现大量的腐蚀坑，且蚀坑区域Al含量明显下降.在循环氧化过程中，腐蚀坑内重新生成的Al2O3膜粗糙且易剥落，蚀坑区域出现γ'-Ni3Al相的时间明显提前，从而降低了涂层的耐循环氧化能力，缩短了涂层的寿命.     

热喷涂对模具钢表面性能的改善与研究

通过电弧喷涂工艺在8Cr3模具钢表面制备了FeCrAl涂层。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对涂层表面、截面形貌、元素进行分析,利用MH-3型显微硬度计对FeCrAl涂层的平均硬度进行测定;将试样静置于720℃的熔融ZL101A铝液30 min、1 h和2 h,比较各试样的熔损情况。结果表明:涂层与模具钢基体结合部位没有十分明显的界线,部分区域相互机械咬合,FeCrAl涂层内部粒子相互交错成波浪状堆叠,涂层整体组织致密;模具表面喷涂的FeCrAl涂层,其平均维氏硬度可达282.6 HV0.5;试样经电弧喷涂FeCrAl涂层处理后,随铝熔蚀时间的延长,熔蚀速率明显偏低。未喷涂处理的模具钢熔蚀后在界面附近形成了新相Fe2A15。     

高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl/Ni95Al复合涂层的性能

利用电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体表面制备了FeCrAl/Ni95 Al复合涂层,先喷涂Ni95Al打底层增强涂层的结合强度,FeCrAl涂层作为工作层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪、拉伸试验机、显微硬度计和CETR微动摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的显微组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,复合涂层组织均匀致密,主要由Fe3Al金属间化合物、(Fe,Cr)固溶在涂层基体中.涂层结合强度为43 MPa,硬度值为530 HVO.1,涂层磨损失效形式为剥落和氧化磨损.     

高温空气氧化作用下低铝含量FeCrAl涂层的组织演变（英文）

通过磁控溅射技术在Zr-4合金基体上沉积了厚度约为18μm的FeCrAl涂层,以提高Zr合金的高温抗氧化性能。通过空气氧化实验研究了低Al含量的FeCrAl涂层抗氧化性能。为了评估涂层界面演变和元素迁移之间的关系,采用了场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和掠入射X射线衍射仪进行了深入分析。结果表明,尽管FeCrAl涂层在1000℃空气氧化后会出现分层剥落,但该涂层仍然有效地保护了Zr-4合金基体不被氧化。FeCrAl涂层性能下降的主要原因是高温下Al元素严重向外扩散以及Fe、Cr元素向内扩散,最终导致涂层内部分层和剥落。此外,还讨论了FeCrAl涂层在800、900和1000℃时的空气氧化行为。     

FeCrAl/ZrNbCu复合管包壳高温蒸气氧化行为研究

FeCrAl/ZrNbCu复合管兼顾了Zr合金和FeCrAl合金的优点，是事故容错燃料包壳候选材料之一。本文研究了FeCrAl/ZrNbCu复合管蒸气氧化行为，结果表明，外层FeCrAl材料具有优异的抗蒸气氧化性能，有效保护了内层Zr合金管。氧化产物分析表明，FeCrAl合金氧化膜呈凹凸状，氧化产物为Fe2O3、FeCr2O4、Cr2O3和Al2O3；ZrNbCu合金氧化膜垂直于表面生长，氧化产物为ZrO2和Nb2O5；在1000℃氧化时复合管界面没有明显元素扩散；在1100℃和1200℃氧化后界面发生明显元素扩散。复合管外侧到内侧分别为FeCrAl氧化膜、FeCrAl合金、FeCrAl-ZrNbCr扩散层、ZrNbCu合金、ZrNbCu氧化膜；界面结合方式由机械结合转变为冶金结合。     

Influence of an aluminized intermediate layer on the adhesion of a γ-Al2O3 washcoat on FeCrAl

To improve the combination performance of a γ-Al₂O₃ washcoat on a FeCrAl support in auto-catalysts, an aluminized intermediate layer was deposited on the surface of metallic foils by the powder embedded aluminizing technique. A heat treatment after aluminizing and an aging test after washcoating were carried out. The microstructure, phase structure, chemical composition and inter-coat adhesion of the as-coated and heat-treated aluminized layers were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) and ultrasonic vibration tests. The surface of the as-coated aluminized layer was inhomogeneous and a great number of nanowires were formed. Aluminum infiltrated into the support to form Al₅(Fe,Cr)₂ and/or other intermetallic compounds in the coat-support interface. After the heat treatment, aluminum segregated out and oxidized into homogeneous -Al₂O₃ whiskers on the outer surface. The aluminized layer transformed into -Fe(Cr,Al) diffusion zone after the aging test. After the aluminizing and heat treatments, no cracks were found on the successive alumina washcoat and the weight loss was only 4.0 wt.% under ultrasonic vibration for 30 min. This suggested an enhanced interface adhesion between the γ-Al₂O₃ washcoat and the FeCrAl support.     

Research on Ce-Zr compounds on modifying γ-alumina washcoat on FeCrAl foils

Ce-Zr compounds such as Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 solid solution, Ce/Zr nitrate and CeO2/ZrO2 were added into γ-alumina-based slurries, which were then loaded on FeCrAl foils pretreated at 950℃ and 1100℃. The microstructures and adhesion performance between the substrates and the washcoats were measured by SEM, BET surface area, ultrasonic vibration and thermal shock test. The results show that the addition of Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 solid solution, Ce/Zr nitrate and CeO2/ZrO2 into the slurries can improve γ-Al2O3-based washcoat adhesion on FeCrAl foils. Furthermore, ceria-zirconia solid solution increases the adhesion of the washcoat on the surface of an FeCrAl foil than the two others. The specific surface area of this washcoat remains about 43-45 m2/g and the weight loss is below 4.0% even after aging test of 10%steam-containing air at 1050℃ for 20 h.     

Effects of plasma-sprayed NiCrAl/ZrO2 intermediate on the combination ability of coatings

A NiCrAl/ZrO₂ composite coating was deposited on the surface of metal carrier FeCrAl alloy by a plasma-spray technique. After static-state oxidation at 800°C, the transitions in structure and composition of the coating was analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDX. The results showed that the surface phases of the as-sprayed coating were mainly composed of Ni and ZrO₂. When the oxidation time was extended from 8 to 50 h, NiO crystallites were formed and these grew coarse on the coating surface, and alloy elements were diffused between the NiCrAl/ZrO₂ coating and the FeCrAl substrate. With the pretreatment, an intermediate coating was prepared with a coarse and porous structure, high cohesive strength and high heat resistance. These developed properties could provide high geometric surface area for a catalytic γ-Al₂O₃ washcoat, and enhance the adhesive strength between ceramic washcoat and metal substrate so as to extend the lifetime of the washcoat.     

镁合金表面制备高红外发射率和高导电率热控膜层

目的通过电沉积方法在镁锂合金表面制备具有高红外发射率以及高导电率的镀层,满足其在太空中散热以及电磁屏蔽的需要。方法通过前处理工艺(碱洗→酸洗→预钝化→化学镀镍磷→电镀铜)提高镁锂合金基体的耐蚀性能以及与后续镀层的结合力,并在此镁锂合金前处理工艺的条件下,电沉积多孔Zn-Ni合金镀层。通过热循环测试和电化学方法评价各镀层的电化学腐蚀行为和各镀层之间的结合力。结果各镀层之间的结合力良好,化学镀Ni-P层、电镀Cu层和多孔Zn-Ni层的耐蚀性能均优于镁锂合金基体,该组合镀层的协同作用可以有效地保护镁锂合金基体,提高其耐蚀性。结论最外层多孔Zn-Ni合金镀层主要由Ni2Zn11、NiO、NiS组成,其红外发射率为0.90,电阻率小于0.01 m?/cm。这表明多孔结构可以有效提高金属合金镀层的红外发射率,并保持合金镀层的高导电性。     

铝合金与复合材料组合构件的涂装工艺

目的解决底/面漆涂层在铝合金与复合材料基材表面经常出现剥离、起泡、开裂等缺陷问题。方法通过对问题涂层部件的结构设计合理性分析,指出了封闭式蒙皮结构部件出现的设计缺陷。对铝合金与复合材料的加工工艺进行了分析,用对比试验的方法,验证了铝合金阳极氧化处理工艺所生成的保护膜对涂层性能的影响。通过改进表面前处理工艺,验证了复合材料表层残留的脱模剂是影响涂层附着力的主要原因。以改善涂层应力变化适应能力为目的,调整了涂料韧性配方,涂覆不同的基材和相关结构部件,用可模拟产品试验考核状态的"温度冲击+振动+湿热"联合加载试验方法,验证了设计与工艺改进后的涂层性能。结果合理设计通气孔后,消除了封闭式蒙皮结构部件内部气体的膨胀效应,改进铝合金与复合材料表面前处理工艺和涂料韧性后,涂层不再出现起层开裂现象。结论封闭式蒙皮结构部件应设置内外通气工艺孔,彻底清除复合材料表面脱模剂渗透层和铝合金表面的阳极氧化膜,选用韧性好的涂料体系,能够有效提升铝合金与复合材料组合构件表面涂层的环境适应性能。     

High temperature oxidation of FeCrAl‐alloys – influence of Al‐concentration on oxide layer characteristics

The superior high temperature oxidation resistance of FeCrAl alloys relies on the formation of a dense and continuous protective aluminium oxide layer on the alloy surface when exposed to high temperatures. Consequently, the aluminium content, i.e. the aluminium concentration at the alloy–oxide layer interface, must exceed a critical level in order to form a protective alumina layer. In the present study the oxidation behaviour of six different FeCrAl alloys with Al concentrations in the range of 1.2–5.0 wt% have been characterised after oxidation at 900 °C for 72 h with respect to oxide layer surface morphology, thickness and composition using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results show that a minimum of 3.2 wt% Al in the FeCrAl alloy is necessary for the formation of a continuous alumina layer. For Al concentrations in the range of 2.0–3.0 wt% a three‐layered oxide layer is formed, i.e. an oxide layer consisting of an inner alumina‐based layer, an intermediate chromia‐based layer and an outer iron oxide‐based layer. In contrast, the 1.2 wt% Al FeCrAl alloy is not able to form a protective oxide layer inhibiting extensive oxidation.     

Effect of Yttrium as Alloying Element on a Model Alumina-Forming Alloy Oxidation at 1100 °C

In order to study the effect of yttrium as alloying element on the high-temperature oxidation of an alumina-forming alloy, 0.093 wt% yttrium was incorporated into a model FeCrAl alloy. Yttrium has a beneficial effect on the isothermal oxidation behavior in air at 1100 °C. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction made on a sample oxidized for 1000 h under thermal cycling conditions indicated that yttrium is located at the internal interface as Y₃Al₅O₁₂. Secondary neutral mass spectrometry results showed that the diffusion mechanism is modified by the presence of yttrium as an alloying element. Moreover, the beneficial effect of yttrium on the alloy oxidation is also related to a reduced metallic grain size. The growth of metal grains during oxidation was especially observed on the yttrium-free FeCrAl alloy. It is also well established that the diffusion mechanism in the oxide scale is modified by yttrium. The aim of the present work was to show that yttrium also plays a role on the aluminum diffusion in the metallic substrate and has a strong influence on the kinetic transient stage during the FeCrAl–0.1Y oxidation.     

AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺研究

采用扫描电子显微分析、失重实验等手段和方法探讨AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺。结果表明,采用CrO₃+Fe(NO₃)₃+KF酸洗后试样表面光亮,基本无失重;采用H₃PO₄+NH4HF活化,可有效去除试样表层氧化物,增强基体和浸锌层的结合力;采用硫酸盐浸锌工艺可获得致密的浸锌层。通过分析温度、电流密度、pH值对浸锌层的影响规律,获得了最佳的浸锌工艺：30g/L ZnSO_4?7H₂O, 150 g/L K₄P₂O₇10H₂O,7 g/L KF, 5g/L Na₂CO₃, 温度70℃～75℃, pH=10.2～10.4 ,浸锌时间10 min。在此前处理基础上电镀锌,镀层和基体结合力较好。     

Ni/AlN Composite Coating for Corrosion and Elements Interdiffusion Resistance in Molten Fluoride Salts System

The Ni/AlN composite coating was prepared for increasing corrosion and elements interdiffusion resistance of GH3535 alloy in molten fluoride salts,and the effect of mechanical interlocking on adhesion strength between AlN layer and nickel coating was also studied.Results indicated that the adhesion strength between AlN layer and nickel coating could be signifi-cantly enhanced through mechanical interlocking effect,which effectively prevented the nickel coating from flaking off at elevated temperature.Through an etching pre-treatment of AlN layer,the corrosion resistance of the Ni/AlN coated GH3535 alloy in molten FLiNaK salt was further improved,and elements interdiffusion between the substrate and nickel coating was completely suppressed.AlN layer as a diffusion barrier remained compact and continuous in Ni/GH3535 system after high-temperature molten salt corrosion.Moreover,a Ni-P layer consisting of Ni3P and Ni phases formed in the Ni coating after corrosion.     

Field exposure of FeCrAl model alloys in a waste‐fired boiler at 600°C: The influence of Cr and Si on the corrosion behaviour

The aim of this study was to examine the performance of FeCrAl model alloys in a waste‐fired boiler and investigate the influence of chromium and silicon content on the corrosion behaviour. The investigation was executed by utilising an air‐cooled probe, giving a material temperature of 600°C throughout a 672 hr exposure. The material loss measurements were performed by utilizing an ultrasonic thickness gauge in combination with scanning electron microscopy analysis. It was found that increasing the chromium content significantly reduced the overall material loss of the FeCrAl model alloys but further accelerated the corrosion attack on the windward side. Simultaneously, the increased chromium content caused embrittlement of the material. Minor additions of silicon drastically reduced the material loss of the FeCrAl model alloys, whereas the sample ring with no silicon present was completely deteriorated. The trends observed in this field study correlated well with what has been observed in previous laboratory studies. A state‐of‐the‐art alloy in the present environment, Inconel 625, was simultaneously exposed and showed similar performance to the silicon‐containing FeCrAl model alloys with ≥10 wt% Cr.