激光成形修复K418高温合金的显微组织与开裂行为

研究了激光成形修复航空发动机涡轮叶片用K418高温合金的组织特征与开裂行为。研究发现:K418合金激光修复区组织主要由γ-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06固溶体基体、方形γ′相、枝晶间杆状或骨架状初生MC碳化物和骨架状(γ+MC)共晶组成。激光成形修复所用铸件基体中MC碳化物为TiC,呈块状分布在晶内和晶界;而激光修复区中MC碳化物为(NbTi)C,呈骨架状或杆状分布于枝晶间。从基体、热影响区到修复区,γ′相形貌、尺寸和数量呈现不同特征。修复区裂纹为与液膜有关的结晶裂纹,裂纹沿枝晶晶界扩展。通过试验优化,确定了较佳的激光成形修复K418合金的工艺参数,大大降低了其开裂倾向。     

激光沉积修复DZ125合金的组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125高温合金铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验,研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶,中部为树枝晶,顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶;沉积区层与层交界处γ'相尺寸大于层内,晶界处γ'相尺寸大于晶内;γ+γ'共晶相和MC碳化物明显沿晶界分布,沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物,沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体HV_(0.3)显微硬度为4.1～4.2 GPa,沉积区显微硬度高于基体,为4.55～4.75 GPa。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损,耐磨性能优于基体。     

激光沉积修复DZ125组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验，研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶、中部为树枝晶、顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶；沉积区层与层交界处γ"相尺寸大于层内，晶界处γ"相尺寸大于晶内；γ+γ"共晶相和MC碳化物沿晶界分布现象明显，沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物，沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体显微硬度为410～420HV0.3，沉积区显微硬度高于基体，为455～475 HV0.3。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损，耐磨性能优于基体。     

固溶处理对CMT电弧熔丝增材Inconel 625合金组织与性能调控

对冷金属过渡(CMT)的电弧熔丝增材方法制备的Inconel 625合金试样进行不同温度的固溶处理.研究了固溶处理对所制备的Inconel 625合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,沉积态主要为沿沉积方向生长的柱状枝晶,基体组织主要为γ奥氏体相,在晶粒内和晶界上呈块状或链状分布着大量第二相Laves相以及微小MC颗粒.固溶温度低于1 000℃时,Laves相和碳化物溶解缓慢,此时固溶处理对合金组织性能的影响较小;当固溶处理温度增加至1 200℃时,第二相碳化物溶解,晶粒剧烈长大,并出现大量孪晶界,合金的硬度和抗拉强度有一定程度下降,屈服强度显著下降,断后伸长率显著提升.     

热处理对镍基625合金带极堆焊层组织及耐晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用带极埋弧堆焊方法在低合金耐热钢15CrMoR表面堆焊625合金,研究了焊态及热处理状态下不同成分堆焊层金属的显微组织及耐晶间腐蚀性能。结果表明,热处理后堆焊层析出相的产生是导致晶间腐蚀性能降低的主要原因。焊态下堆焊层金属中的主要析出相为MC型碳化物和Laves相;经热处理后MC,Laves相数量增加,且在晶界产生大量断续分布的M_(23)C_6型碳化物,晶内析出大量弥散分布的γ″相。M_(23)C_6的析出和聚集长大在晶界附近形成严重的贫铬区,使得晶间腐蚀性能明显下降;Laves相的长大和γ″相的大量析出造成了相附近化学成分的不均匀性,导致腐蚀性能进一步降低。     

激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示:沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距约为10μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ′相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M_23C_6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ′相:稳定化温度为820℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为37 nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ′相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ′相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ′相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示:时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

含铪高钨K416B镍基铸造高温合金的组织与蠕变行为

通过组织形貌观察和蠕变性能测试,研究了含铪高钨K416B镍基铸造合金的组织及蠕变机制。结果表明:合金铸态组织由γ基体、γ'相、MC和M6C型碳化物组成;其中,MC碳化物主要以链状和汉字型结构分别在晶界和枝晶间析出,而大块状M6C碳化物镶嵌在共晶处;蠕变期间,合金的变形机制是位错在基体中可沿不同方向发生滑移,且位错可绕过或剪切γ′相;蠕变后期,高密度位错在碳化物和晶界处塞积,产生应力集中,致使裂纹沿晶界和碳化物/共晶界面处萌生及扩展是合金的断裂机制。     

激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能研究

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示：沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距为约10 μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ＇相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M23C6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ＇相：稳定化温度为820℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为37nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ＇相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840 ℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ＇相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示：时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

GH742y合金凝固偏析行为

采用组织分析和差热分析相结合的方法系统研究GH742y合金的凝固偏析行为和铸态组织形成规律。GH742y合金枝晶偏析严重,组织析出复杂:Cr、Co、W、V和Al偏析于枝晶干,而Nb、Ti和Mo等元素在枝晶间的富集导致一次和二次γ′相、(γ γ′)共晶、MC碳化物、M6C碳化物、Laves相和δ相的析出;稀土元素La和Ce的偏析导致Ni5Ce相和富氧硫稀土相的枝晶间析出。相分计算表明,严重的元素偏析以及大量富Nb和Ti相的析出是σ相和μ相等有害TCP相析出的主要原因。GH742y合金的凝固顺序为:γ基体、MC碳化物、一次γ′相、(γ γ′)共晶、Laves相、Ni5Ce相和M6C碳化物。     

两种铸造镍基高温合金在长期时效期间的微观组织和力学性能演变

长期时效期间K452和K446合金中的γ′相形貌都保持球形,尺寸不断粗化,但K446中γ′相的粗化速率总体上比K452快.初生MC的热稳定性不仅与MC本身的化学成分密切相关,而且与合金成分有关;合金中γ基体的热稳定性(即晶内二次碳化物或TCP相的析出)与初生MC的热稳定性有关;晶界粗化通过γ′沉淀及镶嵌于其中的碳化物(M_(23)C_6或M_6C)的析出和长大来实现.γ′相粗化、初生MC分解、晶界粗化以及二次碳化物或TCP相的析出等,使合金的力学性能明显下降。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.