泡孔结构对开孔泡沫铝压缩力学性能的影响

采用渗流工艺制备出不同孔径的均匀孔结构和混合孔结构的开孔泡沫铝，研究了孔结构(孔径大小及其比例分布)对开孔泡沫铝压缩力学性能的影响。结果表明：对于均匀孔径的开孔泡沫铝而言，在相对密度不变的条件下，孔径大小对其压缩性能几乎没有影响；而当泡沫铝的孔结构是由不同尺寸的孔相混合时，则大孔与小孔的相对体积比对其力学性能，特别是弹性模量具有较大影响，大、小孔径按适当比例混合可使开孔泡沫铝相对密度降低而刚度显著升高。     

开孔泡沫铝导电性的研究

本文采用加压渗流方法制备开孔结构的泡沫铝,并通过调整工艺参数改变泡沫铝的孔径和相对密度.采用“直流四端电极”法测量了不同参数泡沫铝的电阻,研究开孔泡沫铝的导电性随其相对密度和孔径的变化规律.实验结果表明：随着相对密度的提高,开孔泡沫铝的电导率增大,且电导率随相对密度的改变呈指数关系变化;当相对密度参数基本相同时,随着泡沫铝孔径的减小,由于在制备过程中产生的结构缺陷增多,其电导性下降.     

特殊孔结构Al-Si12泡沫铝的吸声性能研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关。     

开孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用加压渗流法制备不同特征参数的开孔泡沫铝,在50～1050MHz电磁波频率内研究了开孔泡沫铝的屏蔽特性,并探讨了泡沫铝的孔径和厚度对其电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明:在50～1050MHz频率范围内,泡沫铝具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能,其屏蔽效能为25～75dB.在50～850MHz频率内,泡沫铝的孔径增大,其电磁屏蔽效能上升;但当频率在850～1050MHz之间时,孔径变化对泡沫铝屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略不计.在50～700MHz频率之间时,随着泡沫铝厚度的增加,其屏蔽效能增大,但当频率在700～1050MHz之间时,厚度对屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略.     

Ti40合金热压缩变形过程的开裂行为研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究.结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关.     

填料粒子成型对泡沫铝合金孔结构的影响

在实验的基础上 ,绘制出填料粒子成型时的体积与泡沫铝合金的孔隙率相对应的变化曲线 ,并应用力学的基本原理对泡沫铝合金孔结构的成形机理进行了研究。确定填料粒子成型时的体积变化应在 0 %～ 12 %之间 (此时泡沫铝合金的孔隙率应在 41.6 %～ 47.6 %之间 ) ,才能稳定填料粒子尺寸 ,从而更好地控制泡沫铝合金的孔径尺寸 ,提高成型质量 ,稳定泡沫铝合金的使用性能。     

铝熔体泡沫化过程中孔结构的控制

在大量试验研究的基础上，探索了铝熔体泡沫过程中控制泡沫铝孔径、孔隙率等结构参数的工艺方法，研究了发泡剂加入量，搅拌及保温时间等对孔结构的影响。     

开孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用加压渗流法制备不同特征参数的开孔泡沫铝，在50～1050MHz电磁波频率内研究了开孔泡沫铝的屏蔽特性，并探讨了泡沫铝的孔径和厚度对其电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明：在50～1050MHz频率范围内，泡沫铝具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能，其屏蔽效能为25～75dB。在50～850MHz频率内，泡沫铝的孔径增大，其电磁屏蔽效能上升；但当频率在850～1050MHz之间时，孔径变化对泡沫铝屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略不计。在50～700MHz频率之间时，随着泡沫铝厚度的增加，其屏蔽效能增大，但当频率在700～1050MHz之间时，厚度对屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略。     

添加造孔剂法制备开孔泡沫铝及其性能研究

以球形尿素颗粒为造孔剂,采用传统的粉末冶金工艺制备开孔泡沫铝并研究了其性能.结果表明,添加造孔剂法制备的泡沫铝可以任意控制孔隙率及孔径的大小,且孔结构良好,保持了造孔剂的形状;高的烧结温度使泡沫铝的压缩强度提高,但过高的温度将导致孔壁熔化.本试验制成的泡沫铝其压缩曲线和泡沫金属典型压缩曲线相似,且抗压强度和经典理论计算结果一致.     

占位法制备球形孔泡沫铝的结构与性能研究

以氯化钙、硬脂酸、硫代硫酸钠、尿素作为造孔剂,利用占位法进行孔径为1～2 mm,孔隙率为60%、70%、80%球形孔泡沫铝的制备。对其孔结构(孔面积、孔圆形度)、压缩性能和吸能效果进行对比分析。结果表明：氯化钙-泡沫铝因其具备较好的孔结构,所表现出的压缩性能和吸能效果也更优异。     

Preparation of big size open-cell aluminum foam board using infiltration casting

This paper presents an infiltration casting technique for manufacturing big size open-cell aluminum foam boards. The principle and key technologies of infiltration casting are also analyzed. Based on the previous practice of the small size aluminum foam production, the die for preparing big size aluminum foam boards is designed and manufactured. The experiments on aluminum boards of 300 mm × 300 mm × （20-75） mm, with the pore size ranging from 1.0 to 3.2 mm and average porosity of 60%, have been performed. The experimental results show that a reliable infiltration process depends critically on the pouring temperature of the molten AI-alloy, the preheated temperature of the mould and salt particles and vacuum. Current research explores the possibility of large-scale manufacturing and application of the aluminum foams.     

Creep-rupturing of open-cell foams

A repeating element consisting of four straight and uniform-thickness cell struts in a pentagonal dodecahedron model is employed to analyze theoretically the creep-rupturing of open-cell foams. In the repeating element, the solid making up cell struts is assumed to follow power-law creep and the Monkman–Grant relationship. Consequently, the theoretical expressions for describing the steady-state creep strain rate and creep-rupturing time of open-cell foams are obtained. It is shown that the creep-rupturing of open-cell foams can also be described by the Monkman–Grant relationship. Moreover, the Monkman–Grant parameters m¹ and B¹ of open-cell foams depend on their cell structure and those of solid cell struts. The Monkman–Grant parameters determined from the existing experimental results on the creep-rupturing of open-cell aluminum alloy foams are compared to those calculated theoretically from the proposed pentagonal dodecahedron model. The difference between theoretically calculated and empirically determined B¹ is attributed to some pre-existing cell structural imperfections in open-cell aluminum alloy foams.     

盐球渗透铸造法制备开孔泡沫铝的孔结构及压缩性能

使用圆盘造粒机制备近球形的NaCl颗粒,并将其用于渗透铸造制备开孔泡沫铝。盐球的平均抗压缩强度为3.9 MPa,在超声波清洗机中可在5 min内完全塌陷。通过控制热压烧结时间为0.5～2 h,热压温度700℃,可制备堆积密度在0.66～0.83 g/cm³的预制体。延长热压烧结时间会使开孔泡沫铝的孔径从0.48 mm增加到1.16 mm,孔隙率从64%增加到82%。压缩实验结果表明,不同孔隙结构下泡沫体的宏观变形特征基本相同,均表现出逐层塌陷的变形特征。此外,泡沫铝的致密化应变值、弹性模量、平台屈服应力和能量吸收能力均随着孔隙率的增加而降低。当孔隙率为64%时,能量吸收能力最大(15.0 MJ·m^-3)。     

Effects of cell irregularity on the elastic properties of open-cell foams

Foams are more and more widely used because of their high mechanical properties relative to their low density. Most available mechanical models are based on idealised unit-cell structures. A significant disadvantage of the unit-cell modelling approach is that it does not account for the natural variations in microstructure that are typical for most foam structures. Our objective has been to investigate how the cell irregularity affects the elastic properties of open-cell foams. We generated periodic, three-dimensional (3D), random samples with different degrees of irregularity, and used finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the effective elastic properties. The geometrical properties were investigated for 3D random open-cell foams and related to the elastic properties. The results indicate that the more irregular the foams, the larger will be their effective Young's modulus and shear modulus at constant overall relative density. On the other hand, the bulk modulus reduces with increasing degree of cell irregularity, while the Poisson's ratio is largely independent.     

Fabrication and compressive behavior of open-cell aluminum foams via infiltration casting using spherical CaCl2 space-holders

The infiltration casting fabrication process based on spherical CaCl₂ space-holders and the compressive behavior including the mechanical performance and energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foams were investigated.Open-cell aluminum foams with different porosities in the range of 63.1%to 87.3%can be fabricated by adjusting compression ratios of CaCl₂ preforms prepared by precision hot-pressing.The compression tests show that a strain-hardening phenomenon always occurs especially for open-cell aluminum foam with low porosity,resulting in the inclining stress-strain curve in the plateau region.The energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foam decreases with increasing porosity when compared at the same strain.However,when compared at a given stress,each foam can absorb the maximal energy among the five foams in a special stress range.Additionally,open-cell aluminum foam possesses the maximum energy absorption efficiency at its optimum operating stress.At this stress condition,the foam can absorb the highest energy compared with other foams at the same stress point.The optimum operating stress and the corresponding maximal energy absorption decrease with increasing the porosity.The optimum operating stress for energy absorption can also be determined similarly when taking into consideration of the lightweight extent of foams.     

CaCl2作为造孔剂制备泡沫青铜的结构和力学性能

以青铜粉为原料、CaCl_2为造孔剂,采用粉末烧结溶解法制备开孔泡沫青铜。通过改变造孔剂体积分数和粒径成功制备出孔隙率为70%~90%,孔径1~3mm的泡沫青铜试样。研究了孔隙率和造孔剂的关系以及孔隙率、孔径对泡沫试样力学性能的影响,并对其孔结构,相组成和微观形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明:泡沫青铜试样的塑性屈服平台应力随孔隙率增加而减小,当孔隙率为77%~89%时,对应塑性屈服平台应力为12.6~2.6MPa。当应变量为50%时,孔隙率为77%~89%的泡沫青铜单位体积能量吸收值(W)范围为6.21~0.91MJ/m~3。试样的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.82,说明泡沫青铜可以作为一种理想的吸能材料。     

闭孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用粉末冶金发泡法制备闭孔泡沫铝,通过调整发泡剂含量、发泡温度、粘度、保温时间等手段,制得孔隙率可调、孔洞分布均匀的闭孔泡沫铝样品,并测试了不同孔隙率、孔径泡沫铝样品的电磁屏蔽性能.结果表明:在100～1000MHz内,泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能在60～90dB之间,且随着孔隙率、孔径的增加,泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能下降.     

Creep-buckling of open-cell foams

A repeating element composed of four cell struts in a pentagonal dodecahedron model is used to analyze the creep-buckling of open-cell foams. The solid making up the cell struts is assumed to follow power-law creep. As a result, the theoretical expression for describing the failure time for the onset of creep-buckling of open-cell foams under uniaxial compression is obtained. Theoretical results indicate that the creep-buckling of open-cell foams depends on their relative density and microstructural imperfection and the creep parameters of solid cell struts. Furthermore, a simple relationship between creep strain rate and failure time is proposed for the creep-buckling of open-cell foams and then compared to the existing experimental results; they agree well. In addition, cell-strut creep-buckling is the dominant failure mechanism when the imposed compressive stress is close to the elastic buckling strength of open-cell foams. However, cell-strut creep-rupturing is more likely to occur when the imposed compressive stress becomes smaller. Moreover, the transition of failure mechanism from cell-strut creep-buckling to cell-strut creep-rupturing is discussed.