Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity of sulfuric acid-modified titanium-bearing blast furnace slag

The feasibility of reducing Cr(VI)from the aqueous solution by sulfuric acid-modified titanium-bearing blast furnace slag(SATBBFS)as a photocatalyst was investigated.The photocatalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra,thermogravimetric analysis(TG)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The photocatalytic activities of the different catalysts were evaluated by the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)under UV-vis light irradiation.The results show that the photocatalytic activities of SATBBFS catalysts are strongly dependent on CaTiO3-to-TiO2 mass ratio,adsorption capacity and surface acidity,and SATBBFS calcined at 400°C shows a higher photocatalytic activity compared with other catalysts.     

Interpretation on Sebisty effect of hot-dip galvanized steels

Sebisty effect describes the unusual fact that the thickness of the hot-dip galvanizing coating on the steel containing 0.12%-0.25% silicon decreases with increasing temperature of zinc bath. The microstructures of hot-dip galvanized coatings on silicon-containing steels (0.14%Si) immersed in zinc bath at 723K and 753K were analyzed. It is found that the thickness of η and ζ layer decreases with the increase of temperature of zinc bath and Г layer changes from discontinuous layer (at 723K) to relatively continuous layer (at 753K). The improvement of the fluidity of zinc bath due to the rising temperature of zinc bath makes η layer thinner. Moreover, the existence of relatively continuous Г layer and the acceleration of the dissolution of ζ layer to zinc bath co-lead to the decrease of the thickness of ζ layer with increasing temperature.     

INITIAL ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF ZINC IN THE PRESENCE OF NH4C1

Influence of NH4Cl on the initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc was investigated via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in laboratory at 80%RH and 25℃. The results show that NH4Cl can accelerate the initial corrosion of zinc. Mass gain increase with the exposure time, but mass gain in the later doesn't change obviously due to the formation of the insoluble simonkolleite on zinc surface in the presence of NH4Cl. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the corrosion products. Zn5Cl2(OH)8·H2O, (NH4)2ZnCl4 and ZnO are the corrosion products on zinc. Brief discussion on the mechanisms of atmospheric corrosion of zinc in the presence of NH4Cl was introduced.     

INITIAL ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF ZINC IN THE PRESENCE OF NH_4Cl

Influence of NH_4 Cl on the initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc was investigated viaquartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in laboratory at 80%RH and 25℃. The resultsshow that NH_4 Cl can accelerate the initial corrosion of zinc. Mass gain increase withthe exposure time, but mass gain in the later doesn't change obviously due to theformation of the insoluble simonkolleite on zinc surface in the presence of NH_4 Cl.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) wasused to characterize the corrosion products. Zn_5Cl_2(OH)_8·H_2O,(NH_4)_2ZnCl_4 andZnO are the corrosion products on zinc. Brief discussion on the mechanisms of at-mospheric corrosion of zinc in the presence of NH_4 Cl was introduced.     

STUDY THE INFLUENCE OF H3BO3 ON THE ZINC ELECTROPLATING USING ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE TECHNIQUE

The influence of H3BO3 on the zinc electroplating was studied using electrochemical noise technique, cyclic voltammetry and steady-state polarization method. The results showed that,under the experimental conditions, the deposition of zinc followed the mechanism of two-dimensional nucleation and subsequent grain growth. The addition of H3BO3 into the electroplating solution prominently changes the nucleation and growth kinetics of zinc deposits, which is directly related to the features of electrocrystallization noise and the corresponding structure of the electrodeposits. The results also shown that the electrochemical noise (EN) technique can give more information about the electrodeposits structure and electroplating mechanism than other normal electrochemical measurements can give, such as steady-state polarization method and cyclic voltammetry technique.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE Zn^2＋ IONS CONCENTRATION ON ZINC ELECTROPLATING

The influence of the concentration of Zn^2 ions on zinc electroplating process was investigated by means of electrochemical noise (EN) and cyclic voltammetry methods in conjunction with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. It was found that the EN generated during the electroplating of dentritic or large polymeric zinc deposit has large potential oscillation amplitude and positive potential drift while the compact zinc deposit possesses small noise amplitude and little potential drift. With the change of rate determining step from diffusion-control through mixed-contro! to activation-control, the maximum relative energy obtained from wavelet analysis defined from the region with larger scales to those with smaller scales, and the EDP (relative energy distribution plot) can be us, as “fingerprints” of EN to characterize the electroplating process and the deposit structure. The results also showed that electrochemical noise technique can give more information about the electrodeposit structure than other normal electrochemical measurements, such as linear potential sweep method and cyclic voltammetry, technique.     

Separation of indium (Ⅲ), gallium (Ⅲ), and zinc (Ⅱ) with Levextrel resin containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (CL-P204): Part I. Selection of separation conditions

A kind of Levextrel resin separation process was developed for separation of indium (Ⅲ), gallium (Ⅲ), and zinc (Ⅱ) from aqueous sulfate solution with Levextrel resin containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (CL-P204). The aim of the research is to collect preliminary results for a pilot-scale production. Properties of adsorbing indium (Ⅲ), gallium (Ⅲ), and zinc (Ⅱ) from sulfate solution with the Levextrel resin were first studied by batch operation and column operation. The optimum pH, adsorption capacities and concentrations of stripping agents for indium (Ⅲ), gallium (Ⅲ) were tested. The separation order of indium (Ⅲ), gallium (Ⅲ), and zinc (Ⅱ) from sulfate solution with CL-P204 Levextrel resin was found that indium (Ⅲ) could be first separated by adsorbing at the acidity of 1.0 mol/L whereas gallium (Ⅲ) and zinc (Ⅱ) could not, and they were adsorbed together by adsorbing at pH = 2.8, then separated from each other by stripping with 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid, respectively. T     

Adsorption characteristics of zinc ions on sodium dodecyl sulfate in process of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration

To sepantte zinc ions from aqueous solution efficiently, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration（MEUF） of hollow ultrafiltration membrane was used with sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as surfactant.The formation of micellar and the adsorption mechanism were investigated including the influence office ratio of SDS to zinc ions on the micelle quantity, the micelle ratio, the gross adsorptive capacity, the rejection of zinc ions and the adsorption isotherm law. The results show that the rejection rate of zinc ions reaches 97% and the adsorption of zinc ions on SDS conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption is a chemical adsorption process.     

Comparative study on biosorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) by Synechococcus sp.

The comparative study on adsorptions of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) ions by free cells and immobilized cells of Synechococcus sp.was performed,in which different aspects including Zeta potential of the cells,the influence of pH,temperature and initial concentration of metal ions,as well as adsorption kinetics and mechanism were referred.The lyophilized free cells have a surface isoelectric point at pH 3,and the correlative experiment indicates that there is an electrostatic adsorption feature of Cr(Ⅵ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The immobilization of the free cells by Ca-alginate does not significantly modify the adsorption features of the biosorbent.The absorption processes of Cr(Ⅵ) and Pb(Ⅱ) on both free and immobilized cells are apparently affected by pH and the initial concentration of metal ions in the bulk solution,but are much weakly affected by temperature in the test range of 10-50 ℃.The slow course of biosorption follows the first order kinetic model,the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) obeys both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models,while the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) obeys only Freundlich model.FT-IR results indicate that carboxylic,alcoholic,amide and amino groups are responsible for the binding of the metal ions,and reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) takes place after Cr(Ⅵ) adsorbs electrostatically onto the surface of the biosorbents.     

Synthesis of ZnO by Chemical Bath Deposition in the Presence of Bacterial Cellulose

The control of the morphology of zinc oxide(ZnO) crystals is very important in science and industry.This article reports the influence of bacterial cellulose(BC) on the morphology of ZnO prepared by chemical bath deposition.ZnO nanostructures synthesized with and without adding BC to the aqueous solution of zinc acetate and ammonia were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The results reveal that the presence of BC in the aqueous solution changes the morphology from spindle to flower,which is ascribed to the interactions between –OH on BC nanofibers and Zn2?in the solution.In addition,optical property of the two ZnO nanostructures was compared.     

Growth and corrosion behavior of molybdate passivation film on hot dip galvanized steel

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Ce 盐封孔对 SiCp/ Al 复合材料表面 Ni-P 镀层的影响

为提高SiCp/Al复合材料的耐腐蚀性能,先化学镀镍,再沉积稀土封孔,讨论了稀土溶液主盐Ce(NO3)3浓度和沉积时间对镍-稀土多层膜耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:化学镀镍的SiCp/Al复合材料在室温下沉积稀土时,采用Ce(NO3)3含量1 g/L、成膜时间2 h的条件获得的多层膜耐蚀性最好,其腐蚀电位为-0.48mV,腐蚀电流密度为3.54×10-8A/cm2;稀土在膜层中以Ce的氧化物颗粒堆积状态存在,起到了封孔的作用;膜层中的镍磷合金呈多晶态,而稀土含量少,未能测出;稀土溶液浓度越高,沉积速度越快,而在相同浓度下,膜层厚度随着时间的延长而增加,越厚则膜层结合力越差。     

稀土盐对铝合金硼硫酸阳极氧化膜层性能的影响

目的研究代替铬酸阳极氧化和稀铬酸氧化膜层封闭处理的工艺。方法在硼硫酸阳极氧化溶液中添加不同的稀土盐对铝合金进行阳极氧化,采用稀土盐对氧化膜层进行封闭处理,分析对比膜质量及膜层耐腐蚀性能。结果在硼硫酸阳极氧化溶液中加入稀土A盐能够提高氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能,用稀土C盐溶液对该阳极氧化膜层进行封闭处理,可以进一步提高氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能,耐中性盐雾腐蚀时间达到336 h。结论稀土A盐改进的硼硫酸阳极氧化/C盐封闭技术有望代替铬酸阳极氧化技术。     

稀土元素对钢渗铬层组织与性能的影响

通过显微观察、电子探针分析、Ｘ射线衍射分析、磨损对比试验、高温抗氧化试验、中性盐雾对比试验和阳极极化曲线的测试，探讨了稀土元素对钢渗铬层组织、耐磨性及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明，在一定条件下，稀土元素能明显提高渗铬速度，显著提高渗层的耐磨性及耐蚀性。     

La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金组织形貌、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。采用T-1200CB坩埚炉冶炼稀土含量(质量分数)分别为4.63%、5.81%、6.18%的Mg-Al-Mn合金。在箱式电阻炉中对研究试样进行430 ℃保温24 h的固溶处理,然后进行200 ℃保温24 h时效处理。对不同热处理状态的试样进行组织观察,对固溶时效后的试样进行拉伸、硬度及盐雾腐蚀试验,从而分析La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。研究表明,随着合金中的La-Ce混合稀土含量的增加,Mg₁₇Al₁₂相逐渐被Al₄(La, Ce)相代替;硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率都逐渐减小,力学性能下降;合金的腐蚀速率逐渐下降,耐蚀性提高。     

镁合金AZ31表面无铬磷酸盐转化膜的制备、结构及性能

用化学沉积的方法在镁合金AZ31表面获得了无铬、无氟和无亚硝酸盐的环保型化学转化膜。SEM,EDS及XRD分析表明,以磷酸盐和无氟添加剂为主要成分,在镁合金AZ31表面获得了致密、均匀和无网状裂纹的磷化膜。磷化膜厚度为12μm～15μm,主要物相为MnHPO₄·2.25H₂O,主要元素成分为O,Mg,P,Mn和Al。磷化后的镁合金AZ31通过中性盐雾测试（NSS）,72h后未见腐蚀现象,浸涂氨基烘漆后的NSS测试达到204h未见明显腐蚀,结果表明磷化膜具有良好的耐蚀性能。电化学极化曲线测试结果显示,磷化后镁合金AZ31的E_corr比未处理的正移111mV,I_corr至少降低了三个数量级,磷化膜通过抑制阳极溶解和阴极析氢过程,有效地提高了镁合金AZ31的耐蚀性能。     

稀土锌铝合金在热镀锌钢管上的应用

为了降低锌耗,提高热镀锌钢管的防腐性能,增加经济效益,长春钢管总厂采取了在热镀锌液中加入微量稀土锌铝合金的方法。介绍了稀土锌铝合金镀管工艺流程,合金镀管镀层均匀性检验与盐雾检验的结果,并作了经济分析。通过应用稀土锌铝合金,可改善镀层合金金属的流动性,使镀层减薄 18％～ 20％,锌耗下降 10％,耐腐蚀性能提高 1～ 2倍,吨管节锌 8.2kg。     

热镀锌层柠檬酸改进型铈盐转化膜的生长机理

将热镀锌钢板浸入含有25 g/L Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、4~6 g/L H2O2(30%)、15~20 g/L H3Cit的处理液中,在70℃下处理10 s~240 min,从而在其表面获得铈盐转化膜。采用中性盐雾试验(NSS)和电化学极化曲线来分析膜层耐蚀性能,确定最佳成膜时间范围。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察膜层的微观形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外吸收光谱仪(IR)分析膜层的化学组成。结果表明:处理时间为10 min左右的铈盐转化膜耐腐蚀性能最优,最佳工艺条件下得到的铈盐转化膜的耐蚀性能与铬酸盐转化膜的相当;随着处理时间的延长,膜的厚度增加,膜层的裂纹变宽;处理时间超过10 min后膜层逐步产生脱落,耐腐蚀性能也随之降低;转化膜的生长过程中,前期以柠檬酸铈吸附膜的沉积为主,后期以Ce(OH)3/Ce2O3及Ce(OH)4/CeO2的沉积占主导。     

添加稀土元素对Ni-P/PVDF化学复合镀层耐蚀性的影响

在化学镀Ni-P/PVDF合金镀液中添加稀土元素Y³⁺和La³⁺制备Ni-P/PVDF（RE）复合镀层,用电化学腐蚀测试系统测试复合镀层的耐蚀性,研究了稀土元素的添加量对镀层耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在基础镀液中加入适量稀土元素后,所获得的Ni-P/PVDF（RE）复合镀层的晶粒较Ni-P/PVDF镀层更为细小,表面更加均匀和致密;镀层的耐蚀性随着稀土元素加入量的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;在稀土元素的添加量为0.1g/L时,复合镀层的耐蚀性最好。在PVDF微粒和稀土元素的共同影响下,进一步提高Ni-P/PVDF（RE）镀层的耐蚀性。     

铈盐和镧盐对铝合金阳极氧化膜性能的影响

通过对铝合金在含有稀土盐的硫酸电解液中进行阳极氧化所得到氧化膜性能的研究，发现加入硫酸铈比无稀土盐其厚度、硬度及耐蚀性均好，最佳含量为0．5g／L；硫酸铈和硫酸镧复合稀土盐比单一硫酸铈稀土盐好。