仿生亲水微轨道-超疏水复合表面液滴可控定向引导研究

目的 实现液滴在超疏水表面定向可控滑动.方法 通过一种简单而有效的方法制备复合仿水稻叶亲水微轨道的超疏水表面.首先使用NaOH腐蚀铝合金表面形成微纳结构,然后浸泡硬脂酸溶液使得粗糙表面自生长硬脂酸超疏水层,最后使用纳秒激光系统去除局部超疏水层,形成用于引导液滴的仿水稻叶微轨道.利用超疏水表面的超强憎水特性及亲水微轨道的亲水性,得到水滴运动各向异性的微结构化表面.通过优化微轨道参数,改变液滴各向异性润湿及滑动特性.结果 随着相邻亲水微轨道间隔的减小,平行微轨道方向接触角也明显减小,液滴沿轨道方向的滑动阻力明显增加.当相邻微轨道间距为500μm时,达到平行亲水微轨道方向和垂直亲水微轨道方向滑动角的差值超过50°,为液滴可控定向引导最佳间距.进一步提出了具有变密度亲水微轨道和曲线排列亲水微轨道的超疏水表面,其具有在特定单方向液滴可控引导的特性,并引导水滴沿微轨道聚集到亲水末端点.通过机理分析得出,液滴在复合表面的各向异性润湿和定向滑动,是由于超疏水表面和亲水微轨道之间的表面能性质差异,以及毛细作用引起的预润湿效应等.结论 本研究制备的复合亲水微轨道超疏水表面可实现液滴定向引导,在集水、水滴混合及污渍去除等领域具有应用潜力.     

超亲水/超疏水镍-纳米三氧化钨复合镀层的制备及特性分析

硬度高、寿命长、适用范围广的金属基自清洁表面的制备是国内外研究的热点和难点。以镍为金属基体,纳米三氧化钨（WO₃）作为功能性材料,采用复合电沉积法在金属基底上制备出超亲水或超疏水可选择的镍-纳米三氧化钨自清洁镀层。使用SEM、S-neox 三维光学轮廓仪、EDS、接触角测量仪等测量其表面形貌特征、力学性能、表面润湿性及光催化性能。结果表明：WO₃质量分数为17%时的镍-纳米三氧化钨复合镀层表面呈现典型的微纳米分级结构特征和超亲水润湿特性,并具有光催化降解甲基橙溶液能力;经氟化处理,复合镀层由超亲水转变为超疏水,接触角高达156.5°;经电化学刻蚀-氟化处理,复合镀层的疏水能力更强,光催化性更好;制备的复合镀层具备超亲水或超疏水特性,具有硬度高、与金属基体结合力大、光催化降解有机物等更加优异的自清洁性能。     

类金刚石薄膜表面润湿调控研究综述

表面具有特殊润湿性特别是超疏水性的类金刚石薄膜,可满足在极端服役环境下(比如雨雪、潮湿环境中或者人体组织内)智能界面材料表面改性的需求.概述了类金刚石薄膜的生产工艺和性能优势及制备方法,介绍了具有特殊润湿性,特别是超疏水性的类金刚石薄膜的应用背景,同时提出了类金刚石薄膜表面润湿调控在理论和技术上的限制.在此基础上,阐述了类金刚石薄膜表面本征润湿性及与微观结构(包括杂化状态和短程或中程有序相团簇结构)间的关系.同时,基于经典的Wenzel和Cassie润湿理论,从表面化学组成和粗糙结构两个方面,重点论述了类金刚石薄膜表面润湿调控的方法及研究现状.通过等离子体表面处理、元素掺杂或者化学修饰改变DLC薄膜表面化学组成,实现DLC薄膜表面本征润湿改性.通过基体表面织构化或者薄膜表面形貌控制,构建DLC薄膜表面粗糙结构,控制界面润湿状态.二者共同作用可实现DLC薄膜表面润湿性在超亲水和超疏水之间变化.最后,总结并指出当前类金刚石薄膜表面润湿调控存在的一些关键科学问题,同时展望了未来的发展趋势.     

TSA协同HCl化学刻蚀铝片构筑低粘附超疏水表面及其稳定性

目的 通过化学刻蚀法制备铝基超疏水表面,并提高其机械稳定性和化学稳定性。方法 以盐酸（HCl）为主刻蚀剂,对甲苯磺酸（TSA）为辅助刻蚀剂,通过化学刻蚀法构筑铝片微-纳米结构,涂覆硬脂酸后制备超疏水铝。探讨最佳刻蚀时间和浓度,通过FESEM、EDS和ATR-FTIR对铝片的表面结构和化学组成进行分析。利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站和线性耐磨实验分别对铝表面的润湿性、耐腐蚀性和机械稳定性进行研究,并探讨铝在3.5% NaCl溶液中的化学稳定性。结果 当TSA浓度为0.2 mol/L,刻蚀时间为8.0 min时,获得的超疏水表面接触角（CA）最大,为167.9°,滚动角（SA）为6.3°,对应的腐蚀电位较裸铝正向移动了742 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级。此外,该超疏水表面还具有良好的机械稳定性和化学稳定性,经砂纸磨损70 cm后,接触角仍高达155.9°。模拟海水环境测试化学稳定性发现,将其浸泡在3.5% NaCl溶液中,20天仍维持在一种粘附超疏水状态。结论 通过调节化学刻蚀时间和TSA浓度在铝基表面制备得到微-纳米粗糙结构,硬脂酸改性后,获得具有超疏水性能的复合表面。该超疏水铝表面兼具优异的机械稳定性和化学稳定性能,并可以在高盐环境下保护铝基体。     

超疏水性氧化铝薄膜的制备与防粘附行为

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到氧化铝薄膜,然后通过热处理、沸水处理和脂肪酸修饰后得到一种超疏水性氧化铝薄膜.通过考察材料表面的润湿性和表面结构,对超疏水性氧化铝薄膜的制备过程、润湿性能和防粘附行为进行了研究.结果表明:沸水处理使氧化铝薄膜获得了多孔的粗糙结构,而接枝脂肪链使其表面获得了疏水性的有机层.正是由于其特殊的表面结构和化学组成,使水滴难以渗入到由大量空气占据的空隙中,从而使氧化铝薄膜表现出超疏水特性和良好的防粘附行为.     

超疏水性薄膜在QCM传感器中的应用

采用微波等离子CVD方法在QCM传感器电极的表面沉积了一层超疏水性纳米膜(聚TMMOS有机硅氧烷),研究了其检测有机物的选择性和灵敏度.结果表明:改性的QCM电极表面选择性吸附有机物,而抑制了水分子的吸附;制得的超疏水性纳米膜的比表面积较大,使得有机物吸附量较大,提高了检测有机分子的灵敏度.该传感器能够应用于高湿度环境下有害有机物的检测.     

活性炭疏水/超疏水改性技术研究进展

活性炭具有丰富的孔隙结构和表面官能团,广泛用于吸附污染环境中的各种有机物。由于活性炭表面富含亲水官能团,在潮湿环境下将优先吸附水分子,从而大幅度降低了对目标有机物的吸附容量,因此如何改善活性炭的防潮防水性能是其应用过程中亟待解决的问题。大量研究表明,活性炭经疏水/超疏水改性后,可有效隔绝水汽,显著提高其防潮、防水性能,这种特殊性能使疏水/超疏水活性炭在诸多领域都有着极高的应用前景和市场价值。基于活性炭的吸附机理,从活性炭的物理结构和表面化学性质2个角度出发,概述了活性炭的来源和形貌,着重介绍了不同的疏水/超疏水改性技术,包括高温加热处理、负载金属氧化物、有机分子改性、有机硅涂层、有机无机复合超疏水涂层的改性制备方法及相应的优缺点,并在此基础上分析了不同改性技术对活性炭的防潮、防水能力及吸附目标有机物的影响。进一步讨论了疏水/超疏水活性炭在不同领域（例如废水处理、废气处理及电化学催化等）的实际应用效果,并指出了现有技术存在的局限性,最后对活性炭的发展进行了展望。     

AZ31镁合金微弧氧化与有机镀膜的复合表面改性及功能特性

采用微弧氧化与有机镀膜技术对AZ31镁合金进行复合表面改性,分别对微弧氧化膜的形成过程及表面特征、微弧氧化膜表面有机镀膜过程、微弧氧化膜与复合膜的润湿性及耐腐蚀性进行研究.结果表明镁合金经微弧氧化改性后,由于表面具有微纳多孔粗糙结构,同时具有较高的表面自由能和极性分量,与蒸馏水接触时存在较强的范德华力和毛细管吸附力,且对强极性水分子具有很强的相溶性,使其蒸馏水的静态接触角接近0°,表现为超亲水特性;而微弧氧化膜表面再经有机镀膜复合改性后,具有较低的表面自由能,对强极性水分子具有一定的排斥作用,使其静态接触角达到113.7°,表现为疏水特性;微弧氧化膜经有机镀膜表面改性后,耐腐蚀性能明显改善,疏水复合膜层在0.1mol/LNaCl溶液中,与基体相比,其动电位极化腐蚀电流密度减小3个数量级,而电化学阻抗提高3个数量级,表现为类似纯电容行为.     

ZnO微纳米结构薄膜的光响应润湿性

利用低温液相技术及氢氟酸的调控作用制备"短棒"、"球形"和"花形等不同形貌的ZnO微纳米结构,研究这些形貌特征的ZnO表面在真空紫外光(VUV)处理后的润湿性变化情况.结果表明,经VUV光照处理后,3种不同形貌的ZnO表面润湿性均发生从高疏水(接触角CA>120°)到超亲水的转变(CA～0°),其变化速度均经历了一个先快后慢的过程.用十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷对ZnO表面进行改性,使ZnO表面覆盖一层自组装单分子膜,则其疏水性有所增强(CA>140°);此时再经VUV光照后,ZnO表面从高疏水到超亲水的转变进程显著变缓.对各种不同微纳米结构ZnO表面进行光润湿性研究,将有助于实现ZnO基质润湿性梯度表面.     

Mg-Li合金表面浅绿色超疏水复合膜层的制备及耐蚀性能研究

通过微弧氧化着色技术在Mg-Li合金表面生成浅绿色类陶瓷膜层,并在着色膜表面有机镀膜复合改性。用蒸馏水在镀膜表面的静态接触角以及动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱测试,分别研究复合改性前后润湿性及耐蚀性。结果表明,微弧氧化着色表面通过有机镀膜生长了一层有机薄膜,接触角由近0°变为169.2°,实现了超亲水到超疏水的功能转化。Mg-Li合金基体经微弧氧化着色改性后,耐蚀性能明显提高,经复合改性后耐蚀性能进一步提高;与基体相比,超疏水复合膜在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的动电位极化腐蚀电流密度减小3个数量级,电化学阻抗提高3个数量级。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.