环境障涂层的发展瓶颈及应对措施

硅基材料具有密度小、高温力学性能优异等特性,在航空发动机热端部件有广阔的应用前景。 由于硅基材料的服役环境中充满高温燃气,硅基基体与高温燃气中的 H₂O 发生化学反应生成挥发性 Si(OH)₄ 被高速燃气冲刷走,使得硅基基体持续暴露在燃气环境中,导致基体被不断侵蚀。 为了减缓高温燃气对硅基基体的侵蚀速率、延长其使用寿命,需要在基体表面制备环境障涂层以隔绝基体与燃气环境,阻止高温燃气与基体直接接触。 文中指出了第一代、第二代环境障涂层在应用中的局限性,阐述了第三代环境障涂层发展中面临的瓶颈问题。 从稀土硅酸盐面层和硅粘结层的角度分别剖析了限制第三代环境障涂层发展的因素并提出相应的改进措施,对新型环境障涂层的发展和面层及粘结层材料的选择具有指导意义。     

稀土硅酸盐环境障涂层综述∗

硅基非氧化物陶瓷材料因其质量轻、强度高、韧性大等优点和其上的环境障涂层,广泛用于民用或军用飞机发动机的热端部件,但目前所用的传统环境障涂层保护效果并不理想。 因此对新发展的稀土硅酸盐环境障涂层进行深入研究,以使其能广泛用于高推重比发动机上具有重要意义。 稀土硅酸盐环境障涂层相较于传统环境障涂层,具有更好的隔热性、与基体更匹配的热膨胀系数(二硅酸镱)及优异的抗腐蚀性能,如稀土硅酸镱盐具有良好的抗水氧和抗熔盐腐蚀性能,这些性能能够有效提高硅基陶瓷及涂层在发动机恶劣环境下的使用寿命,目前已成为飞机的首选防护涂层材料,从而成为环境障涂层材料领域研究的热点。 从稀土硅酸盐环境涂层的主要应用研究背景、发展历程、制备方法、涂层性能、失效机理等方面系统阐述其各种特点,提出目前稀土硅酸盐环境障涂层易失效的多种原因,以及工艺制备和性能模拟测试方面的不足之处,为未来的涂层改进和研究发展指明了方向。     

环境障涂层失效机理研究进展

环境障涂层涂覆在SiC/SiC复合材料表面,阻止或减缓水蒸气对基体材料的腐蚀,提高SiC陶瓷基复合材料的服役温度与寿命。环境障涂层使用温度高,所用材料一般为脆性陶瓷类材料,极易发生损伤失效,其失效机理研究伴随整个材料体系的发展过程,与服役环境密切相关。本研究主要综述环境障涂层在高温氧化、热冲击及水氧耦合典型工作环境下的失效机理研究进展。结果表明:环境障涂层失效除了与涂层各层的稳定性有关,还受各层之间的相容性影响;建议今后新型涂层研制中关注各层之间的反应。     

SiC/SiC陶瓷基复合材料环境障涂层热冲击失效机理分析

环境障涂层（EBCs）是确保陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机使用环境下可靠性与耐久性的关键因素。以聚合物浸渍热解（PIP）和化学气相渗透（CVI）工艺制备的SiC/SiC陶瓷基复合材料为基体,采用大气等离子喷涂（APS）在SiC/SiC复合材料表面制备EBCs,并分别在1200、1300 ℃进行热冲击试验。结果表明:PIP-SiC/SiC基体表面的EBCs在1200 ℃经历1425次热冲击出现了涂层剥落现象,而CVI-SiC/SiC基体表面的EBCs在1300 ℃经历2000次热冲击循环后,涂层表面依然完整,未见失效和剥落现象,这主要是由于基体的热导率差异造成的。     

表面高温防护涂层对镍基定向凝固合金低周疲劳行为的影响

发展高温防护涂层是近年来涡轮叶片制造技术的热点问题之一,针对当前航空发动机涡轮叶片的主要用材--镍基定向凝固合金,本文系统研究了室温和700℃高温条件下,表面高温防护涂层的存在对镍基定向凝固合金基体低周疲劳性能的影响.试验表明这种涂层/基体系统的薄弱环节在于表面涂层颗粒的不均匀性,特别当最终的断裂破坏是由涂层的表面裂纹引发时,负面影响尤其严重.     

钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的研究进展

系统总结了国内外关于钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的最新研究成果，分析了钼在不同温度区间的氧化特征，并基于涂层组织结构稳定性、涂层缺陷、涂层与基体界面结合强度、界面物理和化学相容性、氧扩散等多方面，概述了钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的性能要求。归纳了现阶段应用于钼及钼合金表面的高温防护涂层体系，主要包括单一硅化物涂层、改性的硅化物涂层、硅化物基梯度复合涂层、铝化物涂层、耐热合金涂层和氧化物涂层，重点讨论了涂层的成分和结构对其抗高温氧化性能的影响。同时，对比介绍了钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层常用的制备方法，主要包括料浆烧结法、包埋渗法、等离子喷涂法、熔盐法、化学气相沉积法、磁控溅射法等。最后，对钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层现阶段存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了展望。     

热化学反应喷涂Al2O3基复合陶瓷涂层的制备及其性能

使用热化学反应热喷涂技术,在紫铜表面喷涂制备Al2O3基复合陶瓷涂层.利用XRD和SEM分析该复合陶瓷涂层物相组成和组织形貌,并对其热震性能、抗高温氧化性能和磨损性能进行测试.结果表明:采用热化学反应喷涂法在紫铜表面制备的陶瓷涂层内部生成陶瓷过渡相Al1.4Si0.3O2.7和Al1.9Si0.5O2.95等,在陶瓷涂层与Ni-Al过渡层间存在金属间化合物AlNi3;该复合陶瓷涂层熔化率较高,表面呈珊瑚状;涂层与紫铜基体结合牢靠,具有优异的高温抗氧化能力,其磨粒和粘着磨损比紫铜基体分别提高10倍和15倍.     

TC4表面超音速等离子喷涂热障涂层的研究

利用超音速等离子喷涂技术在TC4合金基体表面喷涂由CoNiCrAlY过渡层和ZrO2陶瓷面层组成的梯度热障涂层,并进行800℃静态高温氧化试验.采用SEM,XRD分析了涂层的组织、形貌及结构,并研究了涂层表面硬度的变化.结果表明:TC4合金经等离子喷涂处理后表面形成陶瓷热障涂层且与基体结合紧密,表面高温抗氧化能力提高.     

氧化物共晶陶瓷定向凝固研究进展

定向凝固氧化物共晶自生复合陶瓷具有优异的高温强度、抗氧化性、抗蠕变性以及良好的高温结构稳定性,被认为是新一代在高温氧化性气氛中长期工作的首选超高温结构材料之一。回顾了氧化物共晶自生复合陶瓷的发展历史,总结了目前定向凝固氧化物共晶陶瓷凝固组织和力学性能方面的研究现状,同时结合作者在本领域的研究,着重分析了高温度梯度定向凝固条件下氧化铝基共晶陶瓷的组织特征、凝固特性、力学性能以及增韧机制。最后展望了定向凝固氧化物共晶陶瓷的发展趋势。     

等离子喷涂CoNiCrAlY+(ZrO2+Y2O3)涂层在TiAl合金表面的应用

用等离子喷涂法在TiAl合金基体表面依次喷涂CoNiCrAlY涂层和(ZrO2 Y2O3)陶瓷障涂层，对处理后的TiAl合金进行高温氧化试验，结果表明，其高温抗氧化能力提高．并用XRD、SEM检测了试样的金相组织、结果及形貌。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.