Pt─Al涂层的高温氧化行为

在Ｍ３８Ｇ高温合金上镀铂，然后进行粉末包装渗铝，最后形成Ｐｔ－Ａｌ涂层。经１０００℃、１５００ｈ氧化后，发现涂层中加铂．明显改善氧化膜的粘附性和影响铝的扩散。并讨论铂在氧化中的作用机理。     

Pt—Al涂层的高温氧化行为

在Ｍ３８Ｇ高温合金上镀铂，然后进行粉末包装渗铝，最后形成Ｐｔ－Ａｌ涂层，经１０００℃，１５００ｈ氧化后，发现涂层中加铂，明显改善氧化膜的粘附性和影响铝的扩散，并讨论铂在氧化中的作用机理。     

渗铝涂层对Ni_3Al－Mo基合金高温氧化的防护作用及机理

采用高活度渗铝工艺在ＩＣ－６（Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｍｏ基）合金表面获得内扩散型渗铝涂层，在氮气环境下对渗铝涂层进行扩散处理．利用光学显微镜、ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ、ＸＲＤ分析研究了涂层的成分及组织结构，测定表明，涂层中的钼以Ｍｏ３Ａｌ沉淀相的形式存在．等温氧化及循环氧化实验表明，渗铝涂层的抗高温氧化性能明显优于ＩＣ－６合金；保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３氧化膜阻止了钼的氧化物的形成，避免了ＩＣ－６合金在循环氧化中出现的ＮｉＭｏＯ４相的多晶型转变，显著改变了合金的抗循环氧化能力；涂层经１０００℃、３００ｈ等温氧化及１０００℃、１００ｈ循环氧化后，未出现β－ＮｉＡｌ相的分解，可认为涂层具有较强的保护作用。     

TiAlCr涂层对TiAl金属间化合物抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了溅射Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ涂层在８００－１０００℃对ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明，ＴｉＡｌ合金由于形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２的混合氧化物而表现出较差的抗高温氧化性能，而ＴｉＡｌＣｒ层由于形成粘附性了的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜而大大提高了ＴｉＡｌ的恒温及循环氧化性能，经９００℃１０００ｈ长时间氧化。ＴｉＡｌＣｒ涂层对ＴｉＡｌ合金仍能提供很好的防护，涂层和基格结合我孔洞及裂纹出现，表现     

渗铝涂层对Ni3Al—Mo基合金高温氧化的防护作用及机理

采用高活度渗铝工艺在ＩＣ－６（Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｍｏ基）合金表面获得内扩散型渗铝涂层，在氩气环境下对渗铝涂层进行扩散处理。利用光学显微镜、ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ、ＸＲＤ分析研究了涂层的成分及组织结构，测定表明，涂层中的钼以Ｍｏ３Ａｌ沉淀相的形式存在。等温氧化及循环氧化实验表明，渗铝涂层的抗高温氧化性能明显优于ＩＣ－６合金；保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３氧化膜阻止了钼的氧化物的形成，避免了ＩＣ－６合金在循环氧化中出现的Ｎｉ     

溅射TiAlCr涂层对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V抗氧化性能的影响

研究了溅射Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层对Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,在８００℃下,Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面由于可形成粘附性良好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,大大改善了Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ的抗高温氧化性能。９００℃时在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ涂层表面长出大量ＴｉＯ２,导致其氧化增重较大;而在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面生成了连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３,其抗氧化性能良好。然而,由于ＴｉＡｌＣｒ涂层与基体热膨胀系数不同,在循环氧化过程中涂层出现一些裂纹,导致其抗循环氧化性能有所下降。     

稀土氧化物改进高温涂层的氧化行为研究

研究了几种含或不含ＣｅＯ２的ＮｉＡｌ基涂层在９００及１０００℃下的高温氧化行为，并对氧化前的涂层组织，氧化膜形貌及氧化膜／基体界面结构等进行了观察，从而就ＣｅＯ２对Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的氧化动力学和ＮｉＡｌ组织退化的影响探讨了ＣｅＯ２改善涂层抗高温氧化性能的机制。     

退火对亚微结晶钛及BT8钛合金减震性和弹性的影响

对Ｎｉ－９．７Ｃｒ－５．５ｌ－７Ｔｉ溅射纳米晶涂层进行了空气中高温氧化实验,观察并分析了Ｔｉ的作用及影响,研究结果表明：由于涂层中相对较高的Ｔｉ含量,１０００℃氧化２００ｈ后生成了由α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２组成的复杂氧化膜。ＴｉＯ的存在并没有降低涂层的抗高温氧化性能,而且生成的氧化膜与涂层基体有着很好的粘附性。这主要在于氧化初期生成的ＴｉＯ２在随后氧化过程中没有发生长大,从而保证了保持性氧化膜的完     

渗铝NiAl－20％Fe金属间合金的高温热腐蚀

本文研究了在９５０℃空气中，表面涂Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４盐膜的条件下，ＮｉＡｌ，ＮｉＡｌ－２０％Ｆｅ及渗铝后的高温热腐蚀行为。在热腐蚀过程中，ＮｉＡｌ合金表面能形成Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜，显示出一定的耐蚀性能。但Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜易开裂，Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的溶解及开裂会引发合金发生快速热腐蚀；２０％Ｆｅ的加入则使ＮｉＡｌ合金的耐蚀性能显著变差，合金表面不能形成单一的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜；渗铝处理可以明显提高ＮｉＡｌ－２０％Ｆｅ合金的耐蚀性能，且渗铝涂层的耐蚀性能优于ＮｉＡｌ合金，这与铝化物涂层中的Ａｌ含量较高，Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的开裂倾向较小有关。     

Pd—Ni—Al涂层的循环氧化和在Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为

研究了底温高活性（ＨＴＨＡ）Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ涂层在１０５０℃人的循环氧化和Ｎａ２ＡＳＯ４熔盐中的热腐蚀结果表明,Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ涂层表面生成一层致密的氧化膜,抗热腐蚀性能接近Ｐｔ－Ａｌ涂层,优于单渗铝涂层,初步分析了Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ涂层的高温腐蚀机理。     

IN738合金上铂铝涂层的高温氧化

研究了IN738镍基高温合金的铂改性渗铝涂层在1100℃空气中的氧化行为,铂的存在,通过阻止合金元素穿过Al2O3膜向外扩散,改善Al2O3膜与基体的结合力,抑制γ′-NiAl相的形成,推迟涂层的高温退化,同时讨论铂的作用机制。     

Hybrid intermetallic Ru/Pt-modified bond coatings for thermal barrier systems

NiAl-based bond coatings for thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems containing varying amounts of Ru and Pt have been investigated. The addition of Ru to bulk NiAl has shown substantial increases in the creep strength of these aluminide materials, while Pt-modifications are known to improve the oxidation resistance of NiAl. The oxidation and interdiffusion behavior of these hybrid Ru/Pt bond coat systems are compared to conventional Pt-modified aluminide bond coats. The Ru/Pt-modified aluminide bond coats demonstrate cyclic oxidation lives comparable to those of Pt-modified aluminide bond coatings. These hybrid Ru/Pt-modified bond coats exhibit better creep properties than traditional Pt-modified coatings and suppress the rumpling mechanism typically responsible for the spallation of TBC from Ni(Pt)Al bond coatings. The evolution of coating microstructures at various stages of cyclic life was studied, and phase equilibria issues relevant to the fabrication and oxidation behavior of these multilayer systems are discussed.     

The effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on pack aluminizing for the fabrication of Pt-modified aluminide coatings at low temperatures

An 8–9 μm thick Pt layer was coated on a superalloy and transformed to a Ni–Pt alloy layer by the interdiffusion of Ni and Pt at 1050 °C for 3 h. The surface of the Ni–Pt alloy layer was pack aluminized to form a Pt-modified aluminide coating. Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) was applied to the alloy layer prior to pack aluminizing. The effects of UNSM on Pt-modified aluminide coatings fabricated at 750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C were studied. The treated Ni–Pt alloy layers had finer grain sizes than the untreated specimens. In addition, UNSM made the grain size of the Ni–Pt alloy finer and reduced the surface roughness. During pack aluminizing, the Pt-modified aluminide coatings fabricated following UNSM uptook more Al and were thicker than the untreated Pt-modified aluminide coatings at the various temperatures (750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C). The untreated Pt-modified aluminide coatings with pack aluminizing performed at 750 and 850 °C were composed of only a two-phase (NiAl + PtAl₂) layer, due to insufficient diffusion of Pt at the lower temperatures. However, two-phase and one-phase (NiAl) layers were obtained in the treated Pt-modified aluminide coatings which were pack-aluminized at 750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C, due to the diffusion of Pt through the greater amount of grain boundaries and increased volume generated by UNSM before the pack aluminizing. Additionally, the treated coatings had smoother surfaces even after the pack aluminizing. During cyclic oxidation at 1150 °C for 1000 h, the treated Pt-modified aluminide coatings aluminized at relatively low temperatures (750 and 850 °C) showed better cyclic oxidation resistance than the untreated Pt-modified aluminide coating aluminized at 1050 °C.     

Oxidation of Simple and Pt-Modified Aluminide Diffusion Coatings on Ni-Base Superalloys—I. Oxide Scale Microstructure

The isothermal oxidation at 1050°C of one simple (PWA73) and three Pt-modified (RT22, SS82A and MDC150L) aluminide diffusion coatings, deposited on the same single crystalline Ni-base superalloy, CMSX-4, was investigated. The oxidation was studied by gravimetry, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and grazing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM samples were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. It was found that the oxide on the simple-aluminide coating grew much faster and started to spall much earlier than those on the Pt-modified coatings. This was related to the higher amount of other phases than -Al₂O₃ in the oxide scale on the simple-aluminide coating. It was shown that the presence of Pt in the coating suppressed the formation of deleterious phases such as spinels in the oxide scale, but also that the surface morphology of the coating prior to oxidation plays an important role.     

Influence of Sulfur,Platinum, and Hafnium on the Oxidation Behavior of CVD NiAl Bond Coatings

The influences of S, Pt, and Hf on the oxidation behavior of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) NiAl bond coatings on high-S and low-S superalloys were investigated. Cyclic and isothermal-oxidation testing at 1150°C revealed that alumina-scale adherence to NiAl coatings was very sensitive to substrate S impurities. Scale spallation, as well as the growth of voids at the oxide–metal interface, increased as S increased. However, Pt-modified coatings were not sensitive to S, and did not form voids at the oxide–metal interface. Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that alumina scales formed on (Ni,Pt)Al had Hf ions (from the superalloy) segregated to grain boundaries, whereas Hf was not detected in the alumina scale formed on NiAl coatings. Results suggested that the detrimental influence of S on scale adherence to NiAl is primarily related to void growth, which is eliminated or significantly reduced in Pt-modified coatings. A simple model relating void growth to excess vacancies and sulfur segregation is proposed.     

The scaling behavior of sputtered Ni3Al coatings with and without Pt modification

A Ni₃Al nanocrystalline film was deposited on the Ni₃Al-based superalloy IC6 by magnetron sputtering. Pt-modified coatings were obtained by electroplating 1.5 μm platinum onto the sputtered Ni₃Al film with and without annealing. Duplex scale developed on the sputtered Ni₃Al film after 20 h isothermal exposure at 1050 °C. Uphill diffusion of Al occurred in the Pt-modified coating system, which implied that inward diffusion of Al from coating to substrate was prevented. Platinum promoted selective oxidation of Al, although 5 at.% Pt was insufficient for the development of exclusive alumina scale on the Pt-modified sputtered γ′-Ni₃Al coating.     

High temperature air oxidation behaviour of “poor man” high manganese-aluminum steels

The behaviour of austenitic high manganese (19.8%–32.5%)aluminum (7.1%–10.2%) steels in high temperature air has been examined. Tests have been carried out in the 600–900°C temperature range for durations up to 200 h. The steels form a high manganese scale at high oxidation rates; aluminum does not contribute to the formation of this scale. Only a 1.5% silicon bearing steel shows a good oxidation resistance up to 700°C, the oxidation rate being lower because as shown by XPS analyses a silicon-containing scale is formed. The oxidation resistance of these steels is always lower than that of conventional grades of austenitic stainless steels.     

Effect of superalloy substrate and bond coating on TBC lifetime

Several different single-crystal superalloys were coated with different bond coatings to study the effect of composition on the cyclic oxidation lifetime of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coating deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition from a commercial source. Three different superalloys were coated with a 7 μm Pt layer that was diffused into the surface prior to YSZ deposition. One of the superalloys, N5, was coated with a low activity, Pt-modified aluminide coating and Pt-diffusion coatings with 3 and 7 μm of Pt. Three coatings of each type were furnace cycled to failure in 1 h cycles at 1150 °C to assess average coating lifetime. The 7 μm Pt diffusion coating on N5 had an average YSZ coating lifetime > 50% higher than a Pt-modified aluminide coating on N5. Without a YSZ coating, the Pt-modified aluminide coating on N5 showed the typical surface deformation during cycling, however, the deformation was greatly reduced when constrained by the YSZ coating. The 3 μm Pt diffusion coating had a similar average lifetime as the Pt-modified aluminide coating but a much wider scatter. The Pt diffusion bond coating on superalloy X4 containing Ti exhibited the shortest YSZ coating lifetime, this alloy-coating combination also showed the worst alumina scale adhesion without a YSZ coating. The third generation superalloy N6 exhibited the longest coating lifetime with a 7 μm Pt diffusion coating.     

Cyclic oxidation of Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating on a nickel-based superalloy at 1150 °C

Pt-, Pd-, and Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coatings were prepared on Inconel 738LC by pack aluminizing at 1034 °C. During pack aluminizing, Pt-modified aluminide coating formed a two-phase β-NiAl + PtAl₂ layer and a β-NiAl layer on an interdiffusion zone, whereas Pd- and Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coatings formed only the thicker β-NiAl layer. However, Pd-modified aluminide coating had many pores. During cyclic oxidation, Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had a surface that was less rumpled than that of Pt-modified aluminide coating due to its thicker thickness. Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had a 22% greater Al-uptake than Pt-modified aluminide coating. Cyclic oxidation tests at 1150 °C showed that Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating had the best cyclic oxidation resistance. After the cyclic oxidation, an additional γ-Ni phase was seen beneath the outermost alumina scale on the the γ′-Ni₃Al phase in Pt/Pd-modified aluminide coating. The γ-Ni phase, which had a higher Cr content, increased the adhesion and stability of the alumina.     

铂改性铝化物涂层的热生长层内应力研究

研究了镍基高温合金热障涂层系统中铂改性铝化物粘结层在空气中非连续高温氧化生成的Al2O3层内应力状态及相应的粘结层微观结构。利用Raman光激发荧光谱技术,发现铂铝粘结层在900℃氧化初期生成了θ-和α-Al2O3,而在1100℃氧化时,表面则形成连续致密的α-Al2O3层。通过α-Al2O3的光激发荧光谱偏移量,计算得到了热障涂层中热生长层的内压应力略高于3.0GPa。铂改性铝化物涂层表面Al2O3"背脊"处的内应力相对较低,同时由于没有陶瓷层的压制,生成的Al2O3起伏较大,并发生局部的Al2O3脱落。随氧化时间延长,由于Al元素沿晶界扩散较快,导致更多的γ′-Ni3Al在粘结层晶界处形成,粘结层中基本相β-NiAl向γ′-Ni3Al转变,改变了粘结层本身的热膨胀系数,引起热生长层中内应力变化。