Cu-14Al-X合金在5.0%H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过静态浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学实验、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、电子探针、光电子能谱等方法研究高铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-X在5.0%H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性能及腐蚀行为。结果表明：在H2SO4溶液中,Cu-14Al-X合金有良好的耐蚀性能,合金中的（α＋γ2）共析体与β′相、α相和κ相相比,具有优先腐蚀倾向,合金主要发生脱铝腐蚀。腐蚀钝化膜的形成及热处理后合金各相成分趋于一致,均使合金耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

铝青铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的脱成份腐蚀行为

用电化学方法和表面分析技术对铝青铜的脱成份腐蚀行为进行研究．结果表明，铝青铜系合金中亚稳态的β相与α相基体相比，具有明显的优先腐蚀倾向，这主要是亚稳的β相组织的含Al量高于α相造成的．在阳极活性溶解区，由于β相中的Al元素溶解造成合金表面产生了点蚀坑，在阳极活化-钝化转化区β相中的Al元素大量溶解，β相腐蚀严重．β相溶解电位正移接近α相溶解电位，α相开始发生腐蚀，在极限电流区，材料表面α相成为富铝相(即阳极区)，也发生严重的脱铝腐蚀，α相和β相中的其它合金元素也发生腐蚀脱落．     

锆和锶对铸态镍铝青铜组织与性能的影响

借助显微硬度计、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析、腐蚀实验和拉伸测试等手段,研究了锆、锶复合微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的硬度、组织、耐蚀性能和力学性能。结果表明:与未微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-8.87Al-5.22Fe-4.48Ni-1.08Mn-0.53Zn)相比,锆、锶复合微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-9.86Al-5.84Fe-4.46Ni-1.03Mn-0.6Zn-0.048Zr-0.03Sr)的相组成没有显著变化,都由α相、β相、γ2相和κ相组成。但是微合金化镍铝青铜的α相和κIV相显著细化,共析组织(α相+κIII相)也大幅细化,合金硬度从212.1 HV提高到216 HV。由于腐蚀优先发生在共析区域内,而共析组织的细化降低了其产生连续腐蚀通道的概率,促进了合金的均匀腐蚀性能和电化学腐蚀性能的全面提高(在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中均匀腐蚀速率和电化学腐蚀速率分别降低2.9%和49.6%);晶粒细化和颗粒弥散强化提高了微合金化镍铝青铜的力学性能,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高到676.6 MPa和260.3 MPa(分别提高4.06%和4.07%)。     

高铝青铜Cu-14Al-X合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过静态浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学实验、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、电子能谱仪、电子探针等方法研究高铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-X在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中的耐蚀性能及腐蚀行为。结果表明:在NaCl溶液中,Cu-14Al-X合金具有良好的耐蚀性能,合金中的(α 2γ)共析体和β′相、α相、K相相比,具有优先腐蚀倾向,合金发生的主要是脱铝腐蚀。腐蚀钝化膜的形成及热处理后合金各相成分趋于一致,均使合金耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

高锰铝青铜的微生物腐蚀行为研究

利用AFM、SEM和XRD等现代表面分析手段研究了高锰铝青铜(ZQA112-8-3-2)合金在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的海水环境中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,SRB不容易在高锰铝青铜表面吸附而形成完整的微生物膜.高锰铝青铜的微观组织由β相、κ相与α相组成,在腐蚀过程中β相、κ相与α相组成了腐蚀微电池,β相和κ相相对于α相是阳极,发生了阳极溶解.从腐蚀形貌中可看出在培养基溶液中腐蚀比在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀发生了更严重的选择性腐蚀,培养基溶液中SRB的代谢产物加剧了脱铝腐蚀.     

高铝高铁青铜Cu-15Al-XFe合金在5.0%H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过静态浸泡腐蚀、电化学腐蚀实验等方法研究了真空吸铸态高铝高铁青铜合金Cu-15Al-XFe(X=10,12,15)在5.0%H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用扫描电镜对合金腐蚀前后微观金相组织和腐蚀形貌进行了观察,讨论了铝青铜合金的腐蚀机理及合金元素Fe的含量对铝青铜合金耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:在5.0%H2SO4溶液中,Cu-15Al-XFe合金有良好的耐蚀性,合金中的晶界与基体相和富铁相相比,具有优先腐蚀倾向,合金主要发生脱铝脱铁选择性腐蚀。其中,Cu-15Al-12Fe铝青铜合金具有最好的耐蚀性。     

新型高铝青铜合金Cu-12Al-X的腐蚀行为

以Cu-Al为基添加适量的Ni、Fe等在金属型模具中铸造一种多元铝青铜合金,利用失重法、扫描电镜、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪等研究了固溶时效处理对该多元铝青铜合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,该多元铝青铜合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中主要发生脱Al腐蚀,腐蚀速率为0.029 5g/(m2·h),自腐蚀电位为-322mV,经过固溶时效处理(950℃×2h固溶+550℃×4h时效)后的显微组织由α、β′、γ2和k相组成;腐蚀速率为0.022 6g/(m2·h),自腐蚀电位为-236mV,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

高铝、铁青铜Cu-15Al-xFe在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过电化学极化、静态浸泡等方法研究了真空吸铸态高铝、高铁青铜合金Cu-15Al-x Fe(x=10,12,15,质量分数)在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为,用扫描电镜及能谱仪对亚快速凝固合金腐蚀前后微观组织和腐蚀形貌进行了观察,分析了铝青铜合金的腐蚀机理及Fe含量对铝青铜合金耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:在3.5%Na Cl溶液中,Cu-15Al-x Fe合金中的富铁相与基体相比,具有明显的优先腐蚀倾向,合金主要发生脱Al和Fe选择性腐蚀,这主要是由于富铁相组织中Al和Fe含量高于基体组织所致。其中,Fe含量为12%时合金的耐蚀性最好。     

钪、锆和锶复合微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的显微组织与性能

采用硬度测试、金相观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析及腐蚀和摩擦实验的方法,研究钪、锆和锶对铸态镍铝青铜的硬度、组织、耐腐蚀性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:与未微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-8.57Al-5.3Fe-4.6Ni-1.07Mn-0.63Zn)相比,钪、锆和锶复合微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-9.97Al-5.4Fe-4.52Ni-1.05Mn-0.62Zn-0.045Zr-0.029Sr-0.057Sc)的相组成没有显著变化,都由α相、β相(高温相)和κ相组成,且各相均显著细化,合金硬度从212.1HV提高到240.7HV;由于组织细化,合金内优先发生腐蚀的共析组织(α+κⅢ相),其腐蚀通道产生概率降低,从而在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的均匀腐蚀和电化学腐蚀速率分别降低了.2%和17.8%(微合金化后的腐蚀速率分别为0.023 mm/a和0.231 mm/a);摩擦因数降低了23.4%(微合金化后的摩擦因数为0.019 3)。     

新型铝青铜及其喷涂层中Ce元素的作用(英文)

采用一次共装熔炼、砂型铸造Al含量超过Cu-Al二元合金共析点的新型铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4.5Fe,在45#中碳钢表面制备铝青铜等离子喷涂层。通过扫面电镜、X射线衍射分析、电子探针、透射电镜和显微硬度计分析Ce元素对新型铝青铜合金及喷涂层表面组织形貌和维氏硬度的影响。结果表明:添加0.6%Ce到铸态合金及喷涂层可以使细化的κ相均匀分布于基体,并提高材料硬度。等离子喷涂层快速凝固,保留铝青铜涂层中Fe元素的过饱和固溶体,避免生成(α+γ2)共析相。含Ce喷涂层中的堆垛层错是提高材料力学性能的因素。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN J-INTEGRAL AND FRACTURE SURFACE AVERAGE PROFILE

To investigate the causes that led to the formation of cracks in materials, a novel method that only considered the fracture surfaces for determining the fracture toughness parameters of J-integral for plain strain was proposed The principle of the fracture-surface topography analysis （FRASTA） was used. In FRASTA, the fracture surfaces were scanned by laser microscope and the elevation data was recorded for analysis. The relationship between J-integral and fracture surface average profile for plain strain was deduced. It was also verified that the J-integral determined by the novel method and by the compliance method matches each other well.