铅氧气底吹熔炼新工艺

氧气底吹熔炼——鼓风炉还原炼铅工艺是国际先进水平的新型工艺。它的成功应用,是我国炼铅史上的一次质的飞跃,对我国传统炼铅工艺的改造和升级换代具有广阔的应用前景。[编者按]     

氧气底吹熔池熔炼过程气泡生长行为仿真研究

采用CFD商业软件ANSYS Fluent中VOF多相流模型研究底吹氧气底吹熔池熔炼过程中气泡的生长行为,并研究单气泡在水中的生长破裂行为;在此基础上,再通过底吹炉熔池内部单氧枪的纵切面进行二维数值模拟,分析了熔池内部相分布、气泡的形状、生长频率、直径,以及变形、融合、破裂等过程。结果表明：水中的气泡直径越小、位置越深,停留时间越长。氧枪口处的初始气泡直径为400 mm左右,气泡生成频率约为4 Hz;稳定状态下熔池内部气泡直径分布符合Boltzmann函数分布,直径为0~100 mm的气泡数量占比80%左右;气泡破裂时间比气泡融合时间短,因此气泡更容易破裂,气泡融合后再破裂会搅拌熔体,加强传质传热效果。     

铅氧气底吹熔炼新工艺

氧气底吹熔炼——鼓风炉还原炼铅工艺是国际先进水平的新型工艺。它的成功应用,是我国炼铅史上的一次质的飞跃,对我国传统炼铅工艺的改造和升级换代具有广阔的应用前景。     

氧枪布置方式对底吹熔池熔炼过程的影响

采用FLUENT软件,分别选择k−ε系列湍流模型和雷诺应力模型(RSM)对底吹熔池熔炼炉内的高温熔体气液两相流进行数值模拟,并且依据相似原理,通过水模型实验对数值模拟结果进行验证,综合评价发现 Realizable k−ε模型的计算精度最高。选用Realizable k−ε模型,对氧枪布置方式及直径对底吹熔池熔炼过程的影响进行数值模拟研究,结果表明：在一定范围内,适当增大氧枪倾角有利于底吹熔池熔炼过程的进行,当单排氧枪倾角在17°~22°之间时,熔池各指标均处于较好的水平;相对于现场工况,双排氧枪倾角分别为12°和22°时,熔池的搅拌效果显著增强;当氧枪倾角为20°时,其有效搅拌区直径为1.475 m,对应的合理氧枪间距为0.98~1.23 m;适当减小氧枪直径可以有效提高熔池气含率。     

氧气底吹炉铜熔炼渣的分析研究与选矿实践

本文根据对氧气底吹炉铜熔炼渣结构与成分的分析研究,采用渣选工艺回收炉渣中的铜等有价金属。在生产实践中,通过合理控制破碎粒度、磨矿粒度以及加药量,有效地提高了渣精矿铜品位以及铜的回收率。今后应发挥产学研合作的优势,研发具有世界领先水平的精磨技术,进一步提高铜的回收率,渣尾矿的铜品位由现在的0．3％有望降至0．1％以下。     

氧气底吹熔炼氧枪枪位优化

在氧气底吹熔炼过程中,合理的氧枪枪位是获得良好熔炼效果的重要因素。分别对氧气底吹炉对心异侧(Ⅰ)、对心同侧(Ⅱ)、非对心同侧(Ⅲ) 3种不同氧枪枪位布置方式进行数值模拟,研究(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ) 3种方式对熔池气液两相分布、熔体喷溅高度、熔池气含率、熔池速度场和熔池流线分布等影响。结果表明：相比于(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ) 2种方式,(Ⅲ)方式下熔体喷溅高度低,熔池波动平稳,熔池平均气含率高且烟气烟尘率低,是一种适宜的氧枪枪位布置方式,对解决生产过程熔体喷溅、炉体腐蚀严重和烟尘率高等问题有积极作用。     

低碳经济与氧气底吹工艺的无碳自热熔炼

一,前言国务院总理温家宝3月5日在政府工作报告中说,今年要加快转变经济发展模式,调整优化经济结构,要努力建设以低碳排放为特征的产业体系和消费模式,积极参与应对气候变化国际合作,推动全球应对气候变化取得新进展。国家要求调整产业结构,改变经济增长方式,发展低碳经济,减少二氧化碳排放,这是当前的重要任务之一。     

绿色冶炼——记中国恩菲工程技术有限公司氧气底吹熔炼技术

传统的铅冶炼技术对冶炼过程中产生的二氧化硫和粉尘污染没有有效的解决办法,这是全世界有色冶炼行业面临的普遍难题。中国恩菲工程技术有限公司从1985年开始,就着手解决这个问题,通过科技部立项投资拨款,探索用氧气底吹熔炼技术替代传统的烧结工艺。     

氧气底吹熔炼-鼓风炉还原炼铅技术获中国专利优秀奖

近日,在国家知识产权局组织的第十一届中国专利奖评选中,中国有色工程有限公司（原中国有色工程设计研究总院）和水口山有色金属有限责任公司共同申报的专利“采用氧气底吹熔炼一鼓风炉还原的炼铅法及实现它的系统”（ZL200310113789．3）荣获中国专利优秀奖。     

Copper smelting mechanism in oxygen bottom-blown furnace

The SKS furnace is a horizontal cylindrical reactor similar to a Noranda furnace, however, the oxygen enriched air is blown into the furnace from the bottom. Mechanism model of the SKS process was developed by analyzing the smelting characteristics deeply. In our model, the furnace section from top to bottom is divided into seven functional layers, i.e., gas layer, mineral decomposition transitioning layer, slag layer, slag formation transitioning layer, matte formation transitioning layer, weak oxidizing layer and strong oxidizing layer. The furnace along the length direction is divided into three functional regions, that is, reaction region, separation transitioning region and liquid phase separation and settling region. These layers or regions play different roles in the model in describing the mechanism of the smelting process. The SKS smelting is at a multiphase non-steady equilibrium state, and the oxygen and sulfur potentials change gradually in the length and cross directions. The smelting capacity of the SKS process could be raised through reasonably controlling the potential values in different layers and regions.     

Oxidation leaching of copper smelting dust by controlling potential

A study was conducted for metal extraction from copper smelting dust using the oxidation leaching and control of potential technology. The effects of H₂O₂ dosage, H₂O₂ feeding speed, initial HCl concentration, leaching temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio and leaching time on metals leaching efficiencies were investigated. The following optimized leaching conditions were obtained: H₂O₂ dosage of 0.8 mL/g (redox potential of 429 mV), H₂O₂ feeding speed of 1.0 mL/min, initial H₂SO₄ concentration of 1.0 mol/L, initial HCl concentration of 1.0 mol/L, leaching temperature of 80 °C, initial liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1 mL/g and leaching time of 1.5 h. Under the optimized conditions, copper and arsenic can be effectively leached from copper smelting dust, leaving residue as a suitable lead resource. The average leaching efficiencies of copper, arsenic and iron are 95.27%, 96.82% and 46.65%, respectively.     

Cold model on bubble growth and detachment in bottom blowing process

The bubble growth and detachment behavior in the bottom blowing process were investigated. Four multi-hole nozzle configurations with different opening ratios were assessed experimentally using high-speed photography and digital image processing. For these configurations, the experiments reveal that the bubble growth consists of a petal-like stage, an expansion stage and a detachment stage. The petal-like shape is qualitatively described through the captured images, while the non-spherical bubbles are analyzed by the aspect ratio. The bubble size at the detachment is quantified by the maximum caliper distance and the bubble equivalent diameter. Considering the dependence on the opening ratio, different prediction models for the ratio of maximum caliper distance to hydraulic diameter of the nozzle outlet and the dimensionless bubble diameter are established. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed prediction model can accurately predict the bubble detachment size under the condition of multi-hole nozzles.     

基于遗传算法的铜闪速熔炼过程控制优化

基于已建立的铜闪速熔炼神经网络模型,以能耗费用最低为目标,在工艺指标控制范围内,采用遗传算法对铜闪速熔炼过程的工艺参数进行了仿真优化计算。结果表明,当空气、分配风、工艺氧和中央氧的市场价格折合比值分别为0.05、0.1、0.4和0.45,精矿量为128 t,其成分(质量分数)为Cu 20.61%、S 27.59%、Fe 24.72%、SiO2 11.64%和MgO 1.39%时,铜闪速熔炼工艺参数的遗传优化值为空气15 011 m3、分配风1 302 m3、工艺氧17 359 m3、中央氧1 000 m3、熔剂13.6 t;与实践平均值相比,若采用优化工艺参数控制,熔炼能耗费用可降低4.6%。     

260t转炉吹氧装置的研究与开发

鞍钢研制开发了国内首套具有完全自主知识产权的260吨转炉吹氧装置.采用优化后的氧枪技术,解决了氧枪对中、防漏等关键问题.采用独创的转炉氧枪快换装置技术,提高了更换氧枪的安全性,使转炉氧枪的更换时间缩短.同国外某些钢厂的大型转炉吹氧装置相比,鞍钢260吨转炉吹氧装置具有投资少、氧气耗量低、可快速换枪、检修维护方便等优点.     

Operation optimization of concentrate burner in copper flash smelting furnace

The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum op-eration, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.     

Numerical simulation analysis of Guixi copper flash smelting furnace

A numerical simulation analysis for reactions of chalcopyrite and pyrite particles coupled with momentum,heat and mass transfer between the particle and gas in a flash smelting furnace is presented.In the simulation.the equations governing the gas flow are solved numerically by Eular method.The particle phase is introduced into the gas flow by the particle-source-in-cell technique(PSIC),Predictions including the fluid flow field,temperature field,concentration field of gas phase and the tracks of particles have been obtained by the numerical simulation.The visualized results show that the reaction of sulfide particles is almost completed in the upper zone of the shaft within 1.5m far from the central jet distributor (CJD)type concentrate burner,The simulation results are in good agreement with data obtained from a series of experiments and tests in the plant and the error is less than 2%.     

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.     

Mathematical model of pyritic smelting process for copper-nickel mineral in oxygen top-blown furnace

1　INTRODUCTIONTheideaofrefiningcopperandnickelwithpyriticsmeltingprocessinoxygentop blownfurnacehascomeintobeingforitsachievementinoxygen converterofsteelmaking processfrom 196 0s.Thefirstpyriticsmeltingfurnacewithoxygentop blownsmeltingnickelhadbeenputintoproductionatNorthNickelCo .ofRussianin 1986 .Nowadays ,thistech nologyhasbeenimportedandemployedinJinchuanNonferrousMetalCo .ofChina .Inthepastdecades ,theutilizationofflashsmeltingfurnaceinnonferrous makinghasgotextensivedevelopmen…     

150t顶底复吹转炉底枪改造对其冶金特性的影响

本文采用现场生产数据统计和数值模拟计算相结合的方法对150 t顶底复合吹炼转炉底枪改造前后的冶金特性进行分析,结果表明,改造后的底枪对熔池内钢液的搅拌力增强,显著改善了炉内的冶金动力学条件,加快了熔池内传质及化学反应速率,冶炼过程更接近于平衡态,各项经济技术指标良好,冶金性能优越。