热轧带钢温度场的数值模拟

建立了带钢热连过程温度场的数值计算模型，该模型由轧制过程的二维ＦＥＭ模型和层流冷却过程后维有限差分模型组成，能够比较准确地描述带钢在热轧过程中的温度变化及温度分布情况，计算结果与实测值符合良好     

热轧带钢卷取后钢卷温度场有限元模拟

运用有限元分析软件Marc以热轧带钢卷取后的钢卷作为主要对象,考虑了钢卷导热系数的正交各向异性及其在冷却过程中随温度的变化,以及钢卷内径壁、外径壁和两个端面的界面换热系数的差异,建立了热轧钢卷冷却过程的传热模型,分析了钢卷冷却过程中的温度变化和不同冷却时刻的温度分布情况,通过模拟结果表明,钢卷冷却的最慢点在靠近钢卷内径壁的1／3处。     

界面换热系数对淬火过程变形模拟影响的敏感性分析

对316不锈钢C型环和纵切圆柱2种试样在水冷淬火过程中发生的热处理变形进行了计算机模拟和实验研究.结果表明:温度场的精确测量对综合界面换热系数的逆运算结果具有重要影响,并进一步影响热处理变形的模拟预测.采用低采集频率数据逆运算得到的界面换热系数,在温度变化剧烈的高温阶段偏低,致使变形模拟结果严重失真.采用高采集频率逆运算得到的界面换热系数,C型环和纵切圆柱试样变形的模拟结果均与实验结果吻合较好.高温阶段界面换热系数对材料的屈服行为的计算结果影响很大,是影响变形结果的主要原因.较大的界面换热系数将使材料在较高温度时即进入屈服状态,并且处于屈服状态的温度范围也较大,更容易发生塑性变形以及引发刚性运动.淬火变形的模拟结果对高温段界面换热系数的变化较为敏感,而对低温段的变化不敏感.     

热带钢粗轧机组温度场有限元模拟

针对宝钢2050mm热轧带钢粗轧机组的轧制工艺条件，采用有限元法建立了热应力耦合二维温度场有限元仿真模型，并模拟了全过程。给出了带钢沿厚度方向各处温度随时间的变化曲线，得出了高压水除鳞、接触传热对板材温度场的影响模型。同时给出了各道次轧制力计算结果。模拟得到的粗轧段出口温度及轧制力与宝钢现场实测数据值相吻合。     

连续退火炉炉辊温度场的计算

采用有限元差分法对生产过程的炉辊温度场进行模拟,通过能量平衡法建立有限差分方程,进而编制程序计算,得到炉辊的温度场变化.此计算中考虑了对流换热、过程中与带钢之间的热传导以及摩擦热.计算结果与实测结果比较表明,按照带钢折中接触计算,计算值与实测值吻合良好,真实地反映了炉辊的温度变化情况.     

热带连轧过程轧件温度场有限元模拟

采用有限元法对热轧带钢连轧过程温度场进行了解析,解出了温度场并绘制了连轧过程温降曲线,找到了温度变化特征,可看出由于变形区热传导作用对轧件表面温度有较大的影响,通过现场实测．表明计算值与设计值吻合。     

热轧温度波动对冷轧变形抗力的影响模型

针对热轧过程中温度波动生产的带钢在冷轧过程变形抗力变化的问题,将变形抗力分为初始变形抗力和加工硬化量两个部分,建立变形抗力初始模型。将终轧温差、卷取温差、由温差引起的加工硬化量的变化量、标准热轧终轧温度、实际热轧终轧温度、标准热轧卷取温度以及实际热轧卷取温度等因素考虑在内,以多项式函数建立起热轧温度特性波动对冷轧变形抗力影响模型。结合压扁半径的轧制压力模型,建立优化目标函数,利用Powell优化算法通过大量现场生产数据反算出相关特征系数,最终得到冷轧来料的变形抗力。以此为理论依据,开发出轧制压力预报模型,将此研究其应用于某1420机组的生产实践,变形抗力计算值更加精确,成品带钢板形得到良好控制。     

铸型界面换热系数的测定方法研究

为有效提高数值模拟的准确性．通过实测反求法对材料界面换热进行了测定．提出界面间换热是随温度变化的函数值。按照实验方案．在保证测量仪器．仪表精度的基础之上．采用特制热电偶进行了温度场数据的采集工作。通过实测温度场数据、数值模拟与凝固过程中界面换热系数的反向求解相结合的方法．得出铸件／铸型界面间的换热随温度变化的函数值。通过应用ProCAST软件反求模块进行逆运算，确定了现有某铸铁材料与树脂砂铸型材料间的界面换热值。计算结果表明，整个凝固过程中热电偶处的温度模拟结果与实验结果的最大相对误差在±10℃内．数值模拟精度得到了有效的提高，说明了此界面换热测定方法的可行性。     

铝铸锭凝固边界热交换规律及温度场模拟

研究铝铸锭凝固边界热交换的变化规律及数学模型,并对不同浇注温度下凝固过程的温度场进行模拟。利用实时数据采集系统获得凝固过程中铸锭和金属模温度变化历史数据,采用非线性反算法和一维传热差分法对试验数据处理,建立界面换热模型并将其应用于凝固温度场模拟中。结果表明：在铸锭表面凝固前后凝固界面热流密度可分段用指数函数来描述其变化规律,而所建立的热交换系数与边界温度的对应关系可更好地反映实际的传热情况。模拟结果与实验测温结果相符,验证了该铸件/铸型边界热交换规律的可靠性。     

高温合金定向凝固界面换热系数逆向求解算法与应用

使用双铂铑(Pt-Rh₃₀/Pt-Rh₆（B）)热电偶采集单晶叶片定向凝固过程温度场数据,基于数值模拟逆向求解出定向凝固过程中高温合金DD6与模壳之间的界面换热系数,并分析了界面换热系数随界面温度变化的关系。采用得到的界面换热系数,基于ProCAST数值模拟,得到的仿真温度场数据与实测温度场数据吻合良好,单晶叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟精度得到有效提高。     

A coupled model on fluid flow,heat transfer and solidification in continuous casting mold

Fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification of steel in the mold are so complex but crucial, determining the surface quality of the continuous casting slab. In the current study, a 2D numerical model was established by Fluent software to simulate the fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification of the steel in the mold. The VOF model and k-ε model were applied to simulate the flow field of the three phases(steel, slag and air), and solidification model was used to simulate the solidification process. The phenomena at the meniscus were also explored through interfacial tension between the liquid steel and slag as well as the mold oscillation. The model included a 20 mm thick mold to clarify the heat transfer and the temperature distribution of the mold. The simulation results show that the liquid steel flows as upper backflow and lower backflow in the mold, and that a small circulation forms at the meniscus. The liquid slag flows away from the corner at the meniscus or infiltrates into the gap between the mold and the shell with the mold oscillating at the negative strip stage or at the positive strip stage. The simulated pitch and the depth of oscillation marks approximate to the theoretical pitch and measured depth on the slab.     

Imitation design of temperature field in coloring hot dip galvanization process

Colors were generated by preferential oxidation of the metals in coloring hot dip galvanization process,and the evolution of temperature field during colling after hot dip would be responsible for the coloration results directly.Tht influences of bath temperature and velocity of steel stripmoving on temperature field of the strip were calculated in continuous coloring hot dip galvanization process by means of the ANSYS/Thermal module.The factors were considered including convection heat transfer,latent heat during cooling,and heat radiation in calculation.The effects of temperature field on coloration of sheet steel samples were investigated.     

3D Numerical Simulation on Thermal Flow Coupling Field of Stainless Steel During Twin-Roll Casting

The surface crack and lateral crack of the AISI 304 stainless steel thin strip produced by twin-roll casting were observed. The temperature at the center of outlet during twin-roll-casting process was determined by infrared thermometer. In order to avoid the surface cracks of the casting strip, the thermal flow coupling field of AISI 304 stainless steel during twin-roll-casting process was simulated by a 3D fluid-structure coupling model. According to the simulation result, the effect of the casting speed on thermal flow field was analyzed and the process parameters were optimized. Moreover, by studying heat flux curves, the heat transfer mechanism between molten pool and roll was analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of the casting speed, the temperature of the molten pool increases and the solidification point moves toward the outlet. Meanwhile, the whirlpool above gets larger. Based on the solidification front position, the optimized process parameters are 1500 °C and 0.37 m/s. The heat transfer mechanism between molten pool and roll contains direct contacting heat transfer and air gap heat transfer.     

6CrW2Si钢制镶条淬火过程温度场数值模拟及试验

折弯模镶条淬火冷却时温度的瞬态分布特性对于研究6CrW2Si钢淬后变形机理有重要作用。考虑热物性参数、对流换热等因素随温度变化的影响,推导相变潜热转换为等效比热的定量解析并写入程序,建立了淬火过程三维温度场的非线性瞬态数学模型。通过金相观察、XRD物相分析和显微硬度测试方法对6CrW2Si钢镶条组织成分进行了试验研究。结果表明:表面换热边界条件和热传导两因素在不同时刻对零件的冷却速度交替起主导作用;65 s左右时马氏体转变所释放的潜热使得冷却速度有较大幅度降低,心部较表面所受影响大;冷却过程中镶条横截面的温度场由两表面交接处至心部呈梯度分布;零件只发生马氏体转变,且被淬透,最终得到的组织为马氏体+残留奥氏体+碳化物。     

单孔圆形喷嘴射流冷却带钢的数值模拟研究

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,采用不可压缩流体流动基本原理和流热固耦合有限体积方法,研究了单孔圆形喷嘴射流冷却带钢的冲击换热,得到了在不同参数和边界条件下冲击射流冷却带钢的传热特性及喷射距离、喷射介质的压力和温度及喷射介质中氢气含量对传热系数的影响,为提高带钢冷却速度提供理论参考。     

取向硅钢常化水冷温度模型及控制方法研究

取向硅钢常化工序主要采用现场实测带钢温度的方式测定冷却速率,并通过稳定冷却水温、调整冷却水量及喷梁运行数量等方式保证合理的冷却速率,给常化工艺设计和生产带来诸多不便。通过对常化工艺水冷过程带钢的传热分析求解,在建立带钢水冷温度模型的基础上,研究了不同冷却工艺参数对带钢温度及冷却速率的影响规律以及冷却工艺的交互作用结果。结果表明:模型计算结果能够较好地反映取向硅钢在常化水冷过程中的温度及冷却速率的变化,其计算误差为0.80%~4.11%;在特定取向硅钢厚度规格和常化工艺下,随着常化冷却水量及有效冷却长度的增加,带钢水冷温度及冷却速率与呈非线性变化;常化水冷工艺主要通过调控带钢与冷却水之间热交换量和交换时间实现对带钢温度的控制,实际生产中需综合考虑机组速度、冷却水量及有效冷却长度之间的交互作用,选定喷梁投入数量和冷却水量以获得稳定的冷却速率。     

RESEARCH OF THE FEEDING SPEED ADOPTING CORED-WIRE METHOD TO SPHEROIDIZE DUCTILE IRON MELT

For settling the question of feeding speed in applying the cored-wire method to spheroidize ductile iron melt, ANSYS software was applied to simulate the heat transfer and mass transfer, and the melt time of the steel strip in the iron melt was determined by linking the heat transfer and mass transfer, and then the feeding speed was calcufated. Conclusions have been drawn that the iron layer was formed on the surface of the cored-wire during the wire-feeding process. The thickness is 0.073 mm when the temperature of the iron melt is 1500℃, the time from formation to remelting of the iron layer is 0.063 s. When the temperature of the iron melt is below 1500℃, the time taken for the steel strip to melt is rapidly shortened. When the temperature of the iron melt is above 1500℃, the variation amplitude of the steel strip melt change with time is gradually diminished. The melt time of the steel strip is rapidly increased with the increase of the steel strip thickness. When the temperature of the iron melt is 1500℃ and the carbon content is 4%, the melt time of a steel strip, which has a thickness of 0.5 mm, is thrice that of a steel strip whose thickness is 0.3 mm. The calculation results of the feeding speed are basically in agreement with the applied feeding speed in the factory.     

Rolling process analysis of aluminum strip by a coupled thermo-elastic-plastic model

The phenomenon of longitudinal curvature on an aluminum strip caused by different heat conduction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the strip while it undergoes a rolling process is studied. This research adopts large deformation-large strain theory to develop rolling process analysis of an aluminum strip by a coupled thentto-elastic-plastic model using the updated Lagrangian formulation (ULF) and incremental method. The flow stress of the materials is considered as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature, and the finite difference method is used simultaneously to solve equations of transient heat transfer. Finally, the numerical analysis method developed from this study is used to determine the temperature change and deformation of an aluminum strip when it undergoes hot rolling. At the same time, the simulation results on normal stress and contact angle are compared with the results of experiments and other published references; the comparison results verify that the present model is reasonable.In addition, the average rolling force during hot rolling is simulated and comparison is also made with the results of experiments provided by the China Steel Corporation. The simulated results in this article are generally considered to be reasonable.     

A multiscale coupled Monte Carlo model to characterize microstructure evolution during hot rolling of Mo-TRIP steel

A multiscale modelling framework has been proposed to characterize microstructure evolution during hot strip rolling of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. The modelling methodology encompasses a continuum dislocation density evolution model coupled with a lumped parameter heat transfer model which has been seamlessly integrated with a mesoscale Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique. The dislocation density model computes the evolution of dislocation density and subsequently constitutive flow stress behaviour has been predicted and successfully validated with the published data. A lumped-parameter transient heat transfer model has been developed to calculate the average strip temperature in the time domain. The heat transfer model incorporates the effect of plastic work for different strain rates in the energy conservation formulation. A coupled initial value problem solver has been developed to integrate the system of stiff ordinary differential equations in the time domain to predict dislocation density and temperature profiles simultaneously. The temporal evolution of microstructure during hot rolling of TRIP steel is simulated by the MC method incorporating thermal and dislocation density data from the continuum models. Simulated microstructural maps, kinetics of recrystallization and grain size evolution have been generated in a 200 × 200 lattice system at different strain rates and temperatures. The simulation code has been implemented in a high-performance grid computing network. The predicted temporal evolution of grain size, recrystallized fractions and flow stress have been validated with the published literature and found to be in good agreement, confirming the predictive capability of the integrated model.     

PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS IN HOT FORMING OF STEELS

1.~nonNUInericalmodellingbythefiniteelement(FE)methodhasbecomeaneffectiveandeconomyicmeansforsimulatingmetalfoeingprocesses.However,accuratemodellingdemandsthecorrectdefinitionandinputsofthedataforthethermalandphysicalpIDPertiesoftheworkpieceandtoolmaterials,theboUndaryconditionsattheworkpiece--toolinterfaceandinotherareas,inadditiontoappropriatemeshgenerationandnumericalsolutions.Althoughmostofthematerialdataareavailable,thedataforinterfacialheattransferandfrictionconditions,Whichhavesubst…