Sb对Mg-4Al-2Si合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了合金元素Sb对Mg-4Al-2Si合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量的Sb(0.25%~0.75%)能有效细化汉字状Mg2Si相颗粒和α(Mg)基体组织,并在合金中形成Mg3Sb2相,提高合金的力学性能:当Sb含量为0.25%时,Mg2Si颗粒显著细化;当Sb含量为0.75%时,α(Mg)基体组织的细化效果最佳,形成了细小、均匀的α(Mg)等轴晶组织,此时合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值;当Sb含量大于0.75%时,Mg2Si相颗粒向晶界大量偏聚并粗化,导致材料力学性能迅速下降。     

Sb变质对Mg_2Si/AM60镁基复合材料组织及性能的影响

研究了Sb对Mg2Si增强相及基体组织的细化效果及机理。结果表明,Sb加入可生成Mg3Sb2,Mg3Sb2能够作为Mg2Si的异质核心,使得Mg2Si由汉字状变成颗粒状,并弥散地分布。同时,基体组织也得到细化,改善了合金的力学性能。加入0.8%的Sb后,合金的抗拉强度提高了12.2%。     

Sb对Mg-4Al-4Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Sb对Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,未加Sb时,铸态AS44合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相和Mg2Si相组成,Mg2Si相呈粗大的骨骼状、块状和汉字状3种形态;加入少量的Sb(0.25%~1.25%)能有效细化Mg2Si相,并在合金中形成高熔点和较为弥散分布的Mg3Sb2相。随Sb含量的增加,Mg2Si相形貌发生显著变化,从粗大的骨骼状逐渐转变为块状和汉字状,当Sb含量达到1.25 wt%时,几乎全部转变为较细小的汉字状Mg2Si相颗粒。随着组织的改善,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均得到不同程度的提高。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb镁合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究了在Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金中加入微量Sb及往复挤压对其组织与性能的影响,重点探讨了基体组织和Mg2Si相颗粒的细化机制,分析了Mg2Si颗粒对再结晶的影响规律.结果表明:加入0.75wt%Sb后的Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金中形成Mg3Sb2相,能有效细化粗大的α(Mg)基体组织和汉字状共晶Mg2Si相颗粒,并抑制粗大的块状初生Mg2Si相颗粒的形成;Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金在往复挤压过程中发生受位错攀移控制的动态再结晶,通过晶界迁移、亚晶合并与转动机制形成了更为细小的α(Mg)再结晶等轴晶;随着挤压道次的增加,动态再结晶速度加快,晶粒尺寸迅速减小;挤压8道次后,α(Mg)基体和汉字状Mg2Si颗粒尺寸分别由铸态时的30 μm和10μm减小到1μm和0.8μm,形成了细小、均匀的α(Mg)等轴品组织;挤压过程中,汉字状Mg2Si依弯曲机制而破碎成块状或条状,条状Mg2Si依短纤维加载机制而破碎成块状,块状Mg2Si依剪切机制发生破碎,并随挤压道次的增加而呈细小、弥散分布;合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高.     

Sb含量对Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织与性能的影响

研究了合金元素Sb对Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:加入少量(0.2%~0.6%)Sb时,α-Mg基体和粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相颗粒有所细化,力学性能逐渐提高;当Sb达到0.8%时,Mg2Si颗粒全部转变为块状和短棒状,此时室温和150℃下的力学性能都达到最佳;当Sb含量超过0.8%后,合金中的Mg2Si又变为粗大的汉字状,力学性能下降。     

Ce、Y、Sb对Mg-9Al-6Si合金中Mg2Si相形貌的影响

细化镁合金中的硅化镁(Mg2Si)相,并使其均匀弥散可有效改善合金力学性能.考查Ce、Y和Sb变质对铸态Mg-9Al-6Si镁合金(质量百分比)中Mg2Si相组织形貌及其尺寸的影响.结果表明,经过变质后,合金中的Mg2Si相由粗大树枝状变为小块状和枝晶状,且分布趋于均匀.Mg2Si枝晶的一次,二次轴长及枝晶间距都减小.Ce对Mg2Si相的细化效果最好,组织中块状Mg2Si相小而多.Mg2Si相的生长前沿的Ce、Y和Sb和它们的化合物,如Al11Ce3、Al2Y和Mg3Sb2相,有效地抑制了Mg2Si的异向生长,阻碍其长大,因此导致Mg2Si相细化.     

Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si-0.5Ca-xSb合金的组织与力学性能

研究了Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si-0.5Ca-xSb(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8和1.0,质量分数,%)合金的显微组织与力学性能,重点讨论了Sb对Mg2Si颗粒的细化效果与细化机制。结果表明,在合金中加入微量Sb,形成的Mg3Sb2相作为异质形核核心,细化了Mg2Si相颗粒。随Sb含量从0.2%增加到1.0%,Mg2Si颗粒由粗大的骨骼状和花瓣状逐渐转变为相对细小的多边形状。当Sb含量为0.8%时,Mg2Si颗粒最大尺寸由原来的50μm减小至8μm。此时,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到175.8MPa、167.6MPa和1.67%。合金室温拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Sr和Sb变质AZ61-0.7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能

Mg2Si相的变质和细化被认为是改善含Si镁合金力学性能的关键因素之一.研究了Sr和Sb变质AZ61-0.7Si镁合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:添加0.4%(质量分数)Sb对AZ61-0.7Si镁合金中的汉字状Mg2Si相有一定细化作用,但没有明显变质效果.相反,添加微量Sr对AZ61-0.7Si合金中的汉字状Mg2Si相有明显变质和细化作用.在AZ61-0.7Si合金中添加0.03%～0.09%Sr(质量分数)后,合金中的Mg2Si相从粗大汉字状形貌变为细小的颗粒状和/或多边形状.相应地,合金的抗拉性能和蠕变性能得到显著提高.     

Sb对原位Mg2Si/Mg复合材料组织的影响

利用Mg-Si二元合金结晶的特点，在普通重力铸造的条件下，制备了原位Mg2Si／Mg复合材料，着重研究了Sb对复合材料中Mg2Si增强相形态的影响。结果表明，在Mg-10Si合金中，加入质量分数为0．8％Sb，不仅促进Mg2Si的均匀形核，而且Sb偏析于Mg2Si的界面上，阻止了Mg2Si的进一步长大。原位Mg2Si的形态由粗大的树枝状转变成均匀分布的颗粒状，形成了较理想的Mg2Si颗粒增强Mg基复合材料的组织。     

Sb含量对铸态Mg-4Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织与性能的影响

研究了合金元素Sb对Mg-4Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:加入0.25wt％Sb时,合金中形成了Mg3Sb2相,原来大量聚集于晶界的粗大汉字状Mg2Si相颗粒转变为相对细小的汉字状Mg2Si相颗粒,呈弥散分布于晶界及晶内,同时出现了少量多边形块状Mg2Si相颗粒,此时合金的力学性能有所提高;当Sb为0.5％时,Mg2Si相颗粒尺寸迅速减小,转变为球状或短棒状,此时,合金的室温和高温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均达到最大值;当Sb含量为0.75％时,Mg2Si相颗粒尺寸未见明显变化,但又发生聚集现象;当Sb含量为1.0％时,Mg2Si相颗粒又转变为尺寸较大的汉字状颗粒,此时合金的力学性能发生下降.     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN J-INTEGRAL AND FRACTURE SURFACE AVERAGE PROFILE

To investigate the causes that led to the formation of cracks in materials, a novel method that only considered the fracture surfaces for determining the fracture toughness parameters of J-integral for plain strain was proposed The principle of the fracture-surface topography analysis （FRASTA） was used. In FRASTA, the fracture surfaces were scanned by laser microscope and the elevation data was recorded for analysis. The relationship between J-integral and fracture surface average profile for plain strain was deduced. It was also verified that the J-integral determined by the novel method and by the compliance method matches each other well.