粉末冶金制备硅颗粒增强锌铝合金复合材料的探讨

在传统粉末冶金工艺的基础上,通过在坯体上方添加第三相金属锌来制备硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料.探讨了混粉工艺、烧结气氛、压制压力、烧结温度等工艺参数对材料组织和性能的影响.通过金相显微镜和SEM研究了复合材料的形貌,对添加锌后的烧结产品进行了分析,并与铝硅粉末体烧结产品对比.     

高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强7055Al复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

采用高能球磨结合粉末冶金工艺制备了碳纳米管(CNT)含量(体积分数)分别为0、1%和3%的CNT/7055Al复合材料。采用OM、SEM、TEM以及拉伸实验等方法研究了CNT/7055Al复合材料的CNT分布、晶粒结构、近界面结构及力学性能,分析了复合材料的强化机制和各向异性。结果表明,CNT/7055Al复合材料为无CNT的粗晶区与富集CNT的超细晶区组成的双模态晶粒结构;CNT在Al基体的超细晶区中分散良好,CNT-Al界面干净清洁,界面反应产物少;3%CNT/7055Al复合材料沿挤压方向的抗拉强度达到816 MPa,但延伸率仅为0.5%。细晶强化和Orowan强化是CNT/7055Al复合材料主要的强化机制。由于CNT沿不同方向的增强效率不同以及粗晶条带组织的存在,复合材料表现出比基体合金更强烈的各向异性,在垂直挤压方向的拉伸性能要弱于沿挤压方向的拉伸性能。     

粉末冶金法制备镁基复合材料的力学性能和增强机理研究

为了探讨MWNTs对镁基复合材料力学性能的影响和增强机理,采用粉末冶金的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料,对其力学性能进行了测试,并对显微组织进行了观察和分析.结果表明:碳纳米管在基体中呈束状分布,没有出现团聚现象;MWNTs与镁基之间并没有反应发生,碳纤维与镁基体并未在界面处形成碳镁化合物;它们之间是无任何化学作用的机械结合;复合材料的硬度随着MWNTs含量的增加而增加,强度也相应提高;镁基复合材料的强化主要来自增强体的强化作用、细晶强化和析出强化.     

Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055AI Composites During High-Energy Ball Milling Process

High-energy ball milling (HEBM) combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 7055Al composites.Two powder morphology evolution processes (HEBM-1 and HEBM-2) were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM process.HEBM-1 evolution process involved powder flattening,cold-welding and fracture,while HEBM-2 evolution process consisted of powder flattening and fracture.For HEBM-1,the repetitive fracture and cold-welding process was effective for dispersing CNTs.However,the powder flattening process in HEBM-2 was unsuccessful in dispersing CNTs due to two reasons: (1) the thickness of flaky Al powders exceeded the critical value,and (2) the clustered CNTs embedded in flaky Al powders could not be unravelled.Because of the broadening of D band and the appearance of a new defect-related D'band,product of ID/IG and full width half maximum of D band,rather than ID/IG,was used to evaluate the actual damage of CNTs.It indicates that the damage of CNTs was severe in powder flattening and fracture stages,while the damage of CNTs was small in powder cold-welding stage.     

Strength and Wear Behavior of Mg Alloy AE42 Reinforced with Carbon Short Fibers

In addition to the advantage of the lightweight of magnesium alloys, magnesium composites have moderate strength and elastic modulus. The proposed application of magnesium composites as diesel truck pistons makes it necessary to assess their wear performance. Little research data have been discussed on wear behavior of Mg alloy AE42 matrix and its composites. Thus, this paper reports wear behavior of magnesium alloy AE42(Mg–Al–Mn—RE; rare earth) and its composite AE42-C, which contains 23 vol% of randomly oriented carbon short fibers. Materials characterization, including density measurements, hardness testing, microstructures investigation, and compression testing at temperatures of 25, 150,and 300 °C, were conducted. Wear tests were performed under various loads and sliding distances. Wear mechanisms were also proposed based on the examination of worn surfaces using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDX(energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry) analysis system. The hardness of AE42-23 vol% C composite is twice the hardness of the Mg matrix alloy AE42. Significant improvements to yield stress and compressive strength at temperatures of 25, 150, and 300 °C of the composite versus the AE42 alloy are achieved. Wear resistance of the composite is improved considerably versus that of the Mg alloy AE42 at the various sliding distances. Smearing of graphite on the worn surface produces a lubricating film that delays change from mild to severe wear of the composite, especially at high loads. EDX analysis of the worn surface shows oxidation of the matrix alloy at higher wear loads, and this mechanism decreases in the presence of carbon fibers under the same loads. Abrasive wear, oxidation, and plastic deformation are the dominant wear mechanisms for the alloy matrix AE42, whereas mainly abrasive wear is the wear mechanism of AE42-23 vol% C composite under the proposed testing conditions.     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金常压烧结与高温模压和热挤压相结合的工艺制备了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料,以探索复合材料的低成本制备技术。采用扫描电镜、万能材料试验机和摩擦磨损试验机研究了碳纳米管的添加量对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加（质量分数0～2％）,复合材料的硬度逐渐升高,抗拉强度先升高后下降。当碳纳米管含量为1．5％时抗拉强度达370 MPa,硬度和抗拉强度分别比纯铝提高了433％和236％。当碳纳米管含量为2％时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损量分别比纯铝降低了63％和14％。     

Microstructure and Lattice Parameters of AlN Particle-Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique. The evolution of lattice constants and solid solubility levels of Al in α-Mg and the microstructure of Mg-Al/AlN composites were investigated in the present study. The results showed that the solid solubility of Al in α-Mg reached a relatively high level by the P/M process with a long time of milling. X-ray diffraction showed that the peaks of Mg phase clearly shifted to higher angles. The lattice constants and cell volume decreased significantly compared with those of standard Mg due to a significant amount of Al incorporated into α-Mg in the form of substitutional solid solution. The degree of lattice deformation decreased at a low sintering temperature and increased at higher sintering temperatures due to the presence of AlN. Microstructural characterization of the composites revealed a necklace distribution of AlN particles in the Mg matrix. Heat treatment led to precipitation of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ from the supersaturated α-Mg solid solution. The precipitate exhibited granular and lath-shaped morphologies in Mg matrix and flocculent precipitation around AlN particles.     

粉末冶金制备非连续增强MB15镁基复合材料时效行为的研究

研究了SiC颗粒和钛合金(TC4)颗粒对MB15镁合金145C时效硬化行为的影响以及SiCp／MB15和TC4p／MB15复合材料的室温拉伸性能随时效时间的变化规律。结果表明，增强颗粒的加入加速了MB15的时效速度，但并未改变其时效硬化的基本规律：MB15及其复合材料的时效硬化曲线上均存在双峰现象；两种复合材料抗拉强度和屈服强度的峰值与其较高的硬度峰值基本对应。     

粉末冶金法制备SiCp/6061Al复合材料的热释放现象

利用机械合金化-粉末冶金制备了SiCp/6061Al复合材料。对实验中发现的一种热释放现象进行了计算机在线测量和初步分析。实验表明，经机械合金化后制备的SiCp/6061Al复合材料中增强体分布均匀，在固溶水淬后有明显的热释放现象，而且热释放的程度与粉末的尺寸、试样的状态有关。试样在室温自然状态下，温度可升高至80℃左右。     

Wear Behavior of PTFE–Hydroxyapatite Composite Fabricated by Hot-Press Sintering Process

In the present work,a new biocompatible composite was fabricated by hot-press sinter-bonding of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)–hydroxyapatite composite.Furthermore,the wear properties of this composite were studied by computer-controlled pin-on-disk type tribometer in reporting volume loss per distance.The investigation was performed in three different fractions of hydroxyapatite(10,20 and 30 wt%).In order to improve the bonding between hydroxyapatite and PTFE,and thus to increase the wear properties of the composite,the effect of adding silane-coupling agent was investigated.Furthermore,to simulate the environment of human body,some of the wear tests were carried out in the ringer's solution.It was found that the wear resistance is improved at high load.Moreover,an optimum fraction of hydroxyapatite(20 wt%) was found in which the best wear resistance is achieved,especially at dry sliding condition.At last,the roles of the factors such as wear load,ringer's solution,and silane-coupling agent are described with respect to their influences on the Lancaster wear coefficient.     

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced 6061Al Alloy Matrix Composites by an In Situ Synthesis Method Combined with Hot Extrusion Technique

Carbon nanotube(CNT)-reinforced 6061 Al alloy matrix composites were prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) combined with hot extrusion technique. During the preparation process, the 6061 Al flakes obtained by ball milling of the 6061 Al spherical powders were subjected to surface modification to introduce a hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane on their surface(6061Al@PVA) to bond strongly with nickel acetate [Ni(II)]. Then the6061Al@PVA flakes bonded with Ni(II) were calcined and reduced to Ni nanoparticles, which were then heat-treated at580 °C to remove PVA for obtaining even Ni/6061 Al catalyst. After that, the as-obtained Ni/6061 Al catalyst was employed to synthesize CNTs on the surface of the 6061 Al flakes by CVD. After hot extrusion of the CNT/6061 Al composite powders, the as-obtained CNT/6061 Al bulk composites with 2.26 wt% CNTs exhibited 135% increase in yield strength and 84.5% increase in tensile strength compared to pristine 6061 Al matrix.     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料磨损特性研究

研究了增强体的含量和试验条件对碳纳米管增强铜基和ZnAl27合金基复合材料的磨损行为的影响。两种复合材料都存在着跑合和稳定磨损的阶段,在跑合阶段主要为磨粒磨损,稳定磨损阶段主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损过程。通过对磨损表面和磨屑的显微观察分析了两种复合材料的磨损机制,表明碳纳米管改善了基体金属的耐磨损性能和强度,在碳纳米管质量含量达到3％～5％时,铜基和ZnAl27基复合材料达到最好的耐磨损性能。     

粉末冶金合成VC铁基复合材料的耐磨性研究

用SEM、XRD观察真空烧结材料的组织形貌,用MM200磨损试验机检测了VC铁基复合材料的耐磨性,分析了VC铁基复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明,复合材料具有良好的耐磨性能,且VC颗粒分布均匀,与基体结合良好。     

Governing the Inclination Angle of Graphite Flakes in the Graphite Flake/Al Composites by Controlling the Al Particle Size via Flake Powder Metallurgy

The inclination angle of the flake particle has a significant impact on the in-plane thermal conductivity of composites.The graphite flake/Al composites(50 vol%) with different inclination angles were fabricated via flake powder metallurgy,and the results show that with increasing the size of Al particle from 25.6 to 50.7 μm,the inclination angle of graphite flake decreases from 7.3° to 4.4°,while the in-plane thermal conductivity of composites increases from 473 to 555 Wm~(-1) K~(-1).Based on the rules of mixture,an effective model was established to qualify and quantify the relation between the inclination angle and the in-plane thermal conductivity of the corresponding composites.This model can also be applied to other flake particle-reinforced composites.     

钛合金颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备与性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了20％Ti-6Al-4V颗粒增强MB15镁基复合材料的试样。按照阿基米得法检测了不同状态试样的密度，借助光镜和扫描电镜探索了挤压棒变形和组织的特点，并结合室温拉伸试验研究了热挤压变形对试样组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：烧结态的密度较低，而热挤后的密度已接近理论值：挤压棒的变形和组织都不均匀：二次挤压可以进一步细化晶粒、提高复合材料的力学性能；Ti-6Al-4V颗粒可以用来强化镁合金，且其增强效果明显好于SiC陶瓷颗粒。     

粉末冶金法制备MB15镁基复合材料组织及性能的研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了 Si C颗粒及晶须增强 MB15镁基复合材料的试样 ,借助扫描电镜对其显微结构及拉伸断口进行了观察和分析。同时 ,比较了 Si C颗粒和晶须对 MB15镁合金室温力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,Si C颗粒和晶须能显著提高 MB15镁合金的室温强度和弹性模量 ,且 Si C晶须的作用比 Si C颗粒更明显     

高能球磨法制备SiC/Al复合粉末的工艺研究

采用高能球磨技术制备SiC和Al的复合粉末,研究了球磨时间、过程控制剂(PCA)、球料比以及SiC与Al混粉质量比对复合粉末粒度和包覆效果的影响。结果表明,复合粉末平均粒径的大小与PCA、混粉比、球磨时间和球料比有关,其影响程度依次为:PCA>混粉比>时间>球料比;复合粉末的粒径大小随着球磨时间、PCA和球料比的增加而显著减小,而随着混粉质量比的增加呈现先减后增的趋势。混粉质量比为3:7的复合粉末平均粒径达到最小值;球磨时间为9h、PCA添加量为1.5%、球料比为12:1和Al与SiC混粉质量比为3:7时,能制备出颗粒细小、包覆效果好的优质复合粉末。     

粉末冶金法浸入式发泡制作泡沫铝的试验研究

研究了浸入法制备泡沫铝的发泡新工艺以及工艺参数对发泡效果的影响，得出以工业纯铝粉和而H2粉为原料，制备气泡均匀、孔隙可控的泡沫铝的工艺参数为：浸入温度为680～760℃，浸入时间为10～30s，保温发泡时间为10～60s。研究结果表明，粉末冶金法浸入式发泡制备泡沫铝的效果好、结构均匀、TiH2利用率高，是一种有较好开发前景的新制备方法。