液态金属腐蚀的研究进展

分析了液态金属对固态金属材料的腐蚀形式,就国内 外关于纯金属、合金材料在液态金属中的腐蚀行为及防护措施的研究进展作了评述,并对液 态金属腐蚀的研究方向提出一些建议.     

纳米金属耐腐蚀性能研究进展

介绍了国内外在纳米金属的耐腐蚀性能方面的研究现状,讨论了纳米化对金属耐腐蚀性能的不同影响,分析了影响纳米金属腐蚀行为的因素,并对纳米金属产生不同耐腐蚀性能的原因进行了总结.     

利用FCMs技术推算金属在土壤中的腐蚀率

    将模糊认知技术(FCMs)应用于金属土壤腐蚀研究,利用FCMs的学习特性和简洁性,在实验室的模拟溶液对金属腐蚀数据的基础上,根据国家自然环境埋片试验的数据,推算出金属的土壤腐蚀速率,结果近似程度比较高.     

Lochfraßkorrosion auf Metallen mit elektronenleitenden Passivschichten

Pitting corrosion on metals with electron-conductive passive layers Pitting corrosion on metals and electronconductive passive layers is briefly surveyed. Special problems associated with this type of corrosion and with its examination are dicussed with the aid of two selected examples (pitting corrosion on passive iron and on chemically resistant chrome-nickel steels). The theoretical interpretation of pitting corrosion on passive metals is discussed in connection passive metals is dicussed in connection with the all-or-nothing law of passivity.     

The corrosion behavior of Fe-Mn-Al weld metals

The corrosion resistance of a newly developed iron-base, Fe-Mn-Al austenitic, and duplex weld metal has been examined in the NACE solution consisting of 5 wt.% NaCl, 0.5 wt.% acetic acid, and the balance distilled water. The electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, Tafel plots, linear polarization, cyclic polarization, and open-circuit potential versus time were employed. The Fe-Mn-Al weld metals did not passivate and exhibited high corrosion rates. Fe-Cr-Ni (310 and 316) weld and base metals were also examined in the NACE solution at room temperature. The 310 and 316 base metals were more resistant to corrosion than the as-welded 310 and 316 weld metals. Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) improved the corrosion performance of the Fe-Mn-Al weld metals. The corrosion resistance of Fe-Mn-Al weld metals after PWHT was still inferior to that of the 310 and 316 weld and base metals.     

金属在海水中的腐蚀电位研究

获得了３８种金属在天然海水中浸泡１８０ｄ的腐蚀电位数据，列出了它们在海水中的腐蚀电位序，讨论了金属材料在海水中的腐蚀电位特性，分析了它们在海水中的腐蚀电位与耐蚀性的关系。结果表明，钝化能力强的金属，其腐蚀电位随浸泡时间变化较大，电位稳定时间较长，非钝化金属和钝化能力弱的金属则相反，对铝合金来说，初始电位，稳定电位较负，其耐蚀性较好，反之则较差。对不锈钢来说，稳定电位较正，其耐蚀性较好，反之则较差。     

常用金属海水腐蚀数据管理及预测系统

使用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ语言在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下编制了金属海水腐蚀数据管理和预测系统。该系统除包括数据浏览,录入,编辑等常用的管理功能外还具备关系型查询功能以及一定的预测功能。预测模块包括人工神经模型预测和灰色模型预测,使该系统不仅可查阅常用金属在我国典型海域的腐蚀行为,还能够预测材料的长期腐蚀速度及新材料在其它海域的腐蚀速度。     

3种有色金属在沈阳地区的大气腐蚀规律

通过Cu，Zn，A1在沈阳地区的大气暴露实验，总结了3种金属的大气腐蚀规律，并讨论了干沉降和湿沉降对金属的大气腐蚀影响。结果表明：Cu，Zn的腐蚀深度与暴露时间呈线性关系；A1的腐蚀深度与暴露时间呈幂指数关系。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对腐蚀产物的结构和形貌进行分析，并讨论了3种金属大气腐蚀产物的形成过程。     

CO2环境下油酸咪唑啉对X65钢异种金属焊缝电偶腐蚀的抑制作用研究

研究了X65管线钢与316L不锈钢、Inconel 625双金属复合管的异种金属焊缝在CO2环境下的电偶腐蚀行为,以及油酸咪唑啉的缓蚀作用。结果表明,随着电偶电位差的增大,异种金属焊缝的腐蚀速率明显升高,并且都显著高于母材。添加油酸基咪唑啉缓蚀剂能降低异种金属焊缝在CO2环境下的均匀腐蚀速率。但是,当缓蚀剂浓度添加较低时,异种金属焊接试样的碳钢一侧出现了严重的沟槽腐蚀或密集的点蚀坑;进一步增加缓蚀剂浓度才能消除沟槽腐蚀现象。讨论了缓蚀剂对异种金属焊缝电偶腐蚀的抑制机理,该项研究可为异金属焊接接头处的腐蚀防护提供借鉴。     

Direct current testing to measure corrosiveness of wood preservatives

A qualitative test that mimics the corrosion behaviour of metals in contact with treated wood without using wood specimens would be of great value in rapidly evaluating the corrosiveness of new wood preservatives. The objective of this study was to determine whether the linear polarisation resistance of metals immersed in a solution of preservative chemicals is related to corrosion of metals in wood. This technique was used to measure the corrosion rate of four types of metals in three different aqueous solutions of wood preservatives. The four metals were UNS G10180 (SAE 1018 steel), UNS S30400 (AISI 304 stainless steel), UNS S43000 (AISI 430 stainless steel), and UNS Z15001 (zinc). The metals were subjected to various concentrations of alkaline copper quat (ACQ-D), ammoniacal copper citrate (CC), and chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C). It was found that the corrosion of metals in the solutions of the wood preservatives did not correlate well to what is known about the corrosion of metals in contact with wood.     

15 Jahre deutsche Korrosionsforschung im Forschungsprogramm Korrosion der Deutschen Bundesrepublik — Teil I

15 years of German corrosion research in the research programme corrosion of the Federal Republic of Germany — Part I The author presents a review of results obtained since 1957 in connection with the research work carried out within this programme. The programme included 122 projects financially supported (13 Millions DM) by the Federal Ministry of Economics. The work was concerned with the general corrosion of metals, corrosion by semiconductor mechanisms, pitting, contact corrosion, corrosion by hot gases (metals and nonmetals); stress corrosion cracking (metals and plastics), fretting corrosion, erosion, the influence of various parameters (flow velocity pressure, UV radiation, pollution of the medium, boundary phase condition, deformation, alloying elements) and the alteration by corrosion of materials properties.     

医用金属材料腐蚀疲劳性能研究进展

结合文献和课题组的研究,对医用金属材料腐蚀疲劳性能的研究进展进行了总结,分别从腐蚀疲劳的危害性、分类、设计、控制等几个方面进行了阐述。腐蚀疲劳失效首先发生于材料表面,医用材料-生理环境的界面对于植入器械手术成功与否有着至关重要的作用,可以根据裂纹扩展速度曲线特征,将腐蚀疲劳分为三类。医用金属材料的腐蚀疲劳性能研究应考量其服役环境进行设计,可以通过表面处理、合金化等方法改善医用金属材料的腐蚀疲劳性能。医用金属材料腐蚀疲劳性能研究的一些基础问题仍待解决：医用金属材料在微生物参与下的腐蚀疲劳行为及其相关机制亟待阐述;医用金属材料的微生物腐蚀疲劳研究是一个系统、长期、复杂的过程,需要合理地建立实验模型,将三维有限元与传统实验方法有机结合,进一步指导医用金属材料相关器械的设计;新的合金成分设计、新的加工制造方式所获得的新型合金生理环境下的腐蚀疲劳性能,其相关数据亟待完善,这关系到新型医用金属材料长期使用的生物安全性问题,亟需开展大量的基础研究工作。在综合评述医用金属材料腐蚀疲劳性能研究现状的基础上,对医用金属腐蚀疲劳在学科交叉研究和新材料基础研究方面的发展趋势进行了展望。     

糖肾方抑制TGF-β1/Smad3通路促进小鼠肾小管上皮细胞胆固醇流出

目的：利用高糖诱导的小鼠肾小管上皮细胞（mouse tubular epithelial cells, mTECs）观察中药糖肾方颗粒及Smad3抑制剂SIS3对于TGF-β1/Smad3通路及细胞胆固醇流出通路的影响。方法：25 mmol/L高糖诱导mTECs细胞后，分别给予糖肾方及Smad3抑制剂SIS3干预，利用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞中脂质含量，利用Western blot和Real-time PCR检测细胞中TGF-β1/Smad3通路及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, PGC-1α）、肝脏X受体（liver X receptor, LXR）、ATP-结合盒转运蛋白A1（ABCA1）、ATP-结合盒转运蛋白G1（ABCG1）的表达。结果：糖肾方可以降低高糖诱导mTECs细胞中总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、甘油三酸酯（triglyceride, TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）含量，上调高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）含量（P<0.05）；糖肾方及Smad3抑制剂SIS3可下调高糖诱导mTECs细胞中TGF-β1、Smad3、Collagen Ⅰ和Fibronectin的表达，上调PGC-1α、LXR、ABCA1、ABCG1的表达（P<0.05）。 结论：糖肾方可通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路促进细胞胆固醇流出，减轻肾损害。     

涂层金属的腐蚀机理研究

介绍了有机涂层下金属基体的腐蚀机理;论述了涂层金属的腐蚀类型。     

金属液对压铸模具腐蚀与防护的研究进展

简要介绍了国内外关于Zn,Al,Mg等压铸合金液的腐蚀机制及防护措施的研究进展,并对液态金属腐蚀的研究 方向提出一些建议和看法。     

Korrosionsresistente,hochverschleißfeste Hartmetalle

Corrosion and highly wear resistant hard metals Hard metals based on WC-Co have a better combination of mechanical properties compared to WC-Ni grades, but their corrosion resistance is generally poor. Either by variation of the binder phase (Ni, Ni-Cr) or by variation of the carbide phase (grain size) the corrosion resistance of hard metals can be tailored to the specific application maintaining the good mechanical properties of WC-Co-grades. The mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of various hard metal compositions are given. Hard metals of modified composition are used for valve parts, seal rings, nozzles and as wear parts for other applications in chemical industry. By their metallic nature, hard metals are still superior to ceramics in their mechanical strength, although ceramics show in general the excellent corrosion resistance. By optimising the carbide and binder phase in hard metals, improved corrosion resistance together with the good mechanical properties of WC-Co can be achieved.     

有机溶剂的腐蚀研究进展

介绍了金属在有机溶剂中腐蚀特点、影响因素和有机 溶剂腐蚀的分类.有机溶剂的腐蚀与水溶液中的腐蚀有很大的区别，在有机溶剂中，金属腐 蚀存在反常现象.还介绍了在有机溶剂中抑制腐蚀的方法.     

金属在南海海域腐蚀电位研究

通过实海电位连续测试,得出了２３种不同金属材料在南海榆林海域暴露１８０ｄ的腐蚀电位数据,对各种金属的腐蚀电位变化及其与局部腐蚀稳定性的关系进行了分析讨论．     

Corrosion behaviors of Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals and 6061-T6 brazements

The corrosion behaviors of a series of Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals and the 6061-T6 butt joints brazed with these filler metals are evaluated by polarization tests and immersion tests in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution. For comparison, a traditional Al-12Si filler metal is also employed. The results indicate that the Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals before brazing possess much higher corrosion current densities and pitting tendencies than the Al-12Si filler metal. However, brazing of the 6061-T6 alloy with an Al-12Si filler metal produces a wider butt joint, which, in this case, creates a more extensive corrosion region. Severe galvanic corrosion occurs at the 6061-T6 joints when brazed with Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals. However, in the case of the 6061-T6/Al-12Si brazements, selective corrosion of the Al-12Si eutectic phase can be observed. The bonding strengths of the 6061-T6 butt joints brazed with various filler metals are also measured before and after the immersion tests.