Sn对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Ｓｎ对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,纯镁中加入Ｓｎ后能使纯镁铸锭中粗大的柱状晶转化为均匀的等轴晶,并有效地细化晶粒,同时在显微组织中形成具有立方Ｃ１结构的Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相。由于Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相显微硬度和熔点高,热稳定性好,因而对基体具有有效的弥散强化作用,提高了ＭｇＳｎ二元合金的室温及高温强度。在Ｍｇ９Ａｌ０．８Ｚｎ基合金中加入少量的Ｓｎ便能有效地提高合金的耐热性,而加入过多的Ｓｎ反而会导致合金高温强度下降。     

复合变质对AlSi7Mg合金组织和性能的影响

通过在铸造ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金中加入一种新型复合变质剂，研究其对合金力学性能和组织的影响，并采用透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）研究合金在时效过程中组织的变化。结果表明：采用此新型变质剂可有效提高铸造ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金的力学性能。合金经５３５℃×６ｈ固溶化处理和１５０℃×６ｈ时效处理后，其σｂ达到３５１．７ＭＰａ，δ达７．７９％。经ＴＥＭ分析，采用此变质剂处理的铸造ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金在时效过程中不仅会产生Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ相，而且发现了一种新的时效强化相。通过分析，认为该相的析出过程与Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ相似，且其析出温度要较Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ相略低。由于此新强化相的析出使得合金在较低温度时效时即可获得较好的强化效果，使合金在Ｔ５状态下即可获得高的综合力学性能     

双重时效的低温形变热处理对Al-Mg-Si-RE合金力学性能的影响

研究了双重时效的低温形变热处理（ＬＴＨＴ）对ＡｌＭｇＳｉＲＥ合金力学性能的影响。双重时效的低温形变热处理使ＡｌＭｇＳｉＲＥ合金获得抗拉强度σｂ＝３５０ＭＰａ，σ０．２＝２９１ＭＰａ和延伸率δ＝６％的最佳综合力学性能。显然用这种处理工艺比用固溶淬火＋时效的普通热处理工艺优越。研究表明，双重时效的低温形变热处理是有效提高ＲＥＡｌ合金强度的一种值得推广的工艺。     

微量Sc和Zr对Al—Mg合金铸态组织的晶粒细化作用

制备了Ａｌ５Ｍｇ、Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．２Ｓｃ、Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．１Ｚｒ和Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．２Ｓｃ０．１Ｚｒ四种铸态合金，采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析了微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ对ＡｌＭｇ合金铸态组织的晶粒细化作用及其机理。结果发现，０２％的Ｓｃ并未使ＡｌＭｇ合金产生晶粒细化作用，而０２％的Ｓｃ与０１％的Ｚｒ复合添加则使ＡｌＭｇ合金产生了极其强烈的晶粒细化作用。这一作用的产生，是由于Ｓｃ、Ｚｒ与Ａｌ在合金熔体中生成了Ａｌ３Ｓｃ和Ａｌ３Ｚｒ复合粒子，这种粒子在合金凝固过程中，起到了非均质晶核细化晶粒的作用     

铸造Al—Si—Mg合金的时效特性及形变机制

研究了ＡｌＳｉＭｇ系Ａ３５７合金在不同时效状态下的显微组织、力学性能及形变特性。结果表明，时效条件不同，合金的强塑性配合不同，１６５℃短时时效，强塑性搭配较好；１５５℃，４ｈ预时效，再经１７５℃，１２ｈ最终时效，进一步提高合金强度的同时，保证了塑性。不同温度下短时时效，析出物均为ＧＰ区，形变以位错切过的方式进行；长时时效，析出物均为β相，形变以位错绕过的方式进行。双级过时效处理，改善了β相的析出形态，使得滑移位错均匀分布     

Sc对Al－Li－Cu－Mg－Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ｓｃ对Ａｌ—Ｌｉ—Ｃｕ—Ｍｇ—Ｚｒ合金的显微组织与拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，δ′（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）和Ｓ′（Ａｌ２ＣｕＭｇ）仍为含Ｓｃ合金中的主要强化相，Ｓｃ细化了合金的晶粒，降低了δ′颗粒的长大速度，促进Ｓ′相的析出和均匀弥散分布，还使合金析出Ａｌ３Ｓｃ颗粒和Ａｌ３Ｌｉ／Ａｌ３Ｓｃ复合析出相颗粒，这两种颗粒都有益于合金的性能。因此，加入Ｓｃ后合金表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

Sc对Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ｓｃ对Ａｌ－Ｌｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－Ｚｒ合金的显微组织与拉伸性能的影响，结果表明，δ＇（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）和Ｓ＇（Ａｌ２ＣｕＭｇ）仍为含Ｓｃ合金中的主要强化相，Ｓｃ细化了合金的晶粒，降低了δ＇颗粒的长大速度。促进了Ｓ＇相的析出和均匀弥散分布，还使合金析出Ａｌ３Ｓｃ颗粒和Ａｌ３Ｌｉ／Ａｌ３Ｓｃ复合析出相颗粒，这两种颗粒都有益于合金的性能，因此，加入Ｓｃ后合金表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

金属学报 第37卷 2001年总目次

第１期ＡＺ９１ Ｍｇ－Ａｌ合金中Ｂ－（Ｍｇ１７Ａｌ１２）析出相的形态及其晶体学特征 肖晓玲 罗承萍 聂建峰Ｂ．Ｃ．Ｍｕｄｄｌｅ（１）６９０合金的显微组织研究……………… 李 强 周邦新（８）过冷ＤＤ３单晶高温合金凝固组织细化的再结晶机制…………刘 峰 杨根仓 郭学峰（１３）Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－Ｌｉ－Ｍｇ－Ｃｕ合金在 ４３３ Ｋ的时效行为………谷亦杰 魏炳忱 张永刚 陈昌麒（１９）添加微量Ｓｂ对Ｍｇ－９Ａｌ－０．８Ｚｎ合金蠕变抗力及微观组织的影响 ,…………………………袁广银 吕宜振 曾小勤 朱燕萍 丁文江 孙扬善（２３）强…     

Zn,Al对Mn—Cu减振合金减振性能的影响

研究了合金元素Ｚｎ、Ａｌ对新型减振降噪（高阻尼）铸造ＭｎＣｕ合金Ｍｓ点、减振性能及力学性能的影响，重点讨论了合金成分与减振性能ＳＤＣ及力学性能的关系。开发了高阻尼、高强度锰铜基阻尼合金ＺＭｎＤ１Ｊ，最优成分为Ｍｎ５０％、Ｚｎ５％、Ａｌ２％、余量Ｃｕ。典型性能：ＳＤＣ＝４４．５％，σｂ＝６７８ＭＰａ，δ＝２４．１％。ＭｎＣｕ系新型高阻尼功能材料的减振能力很高，同时力学性能可达ＺＧＤ３４５５７０的水平，可做结构材料使用。     

退火工艺对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了退火温度和退火时间对含微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ的Ａｌ５Ｍｇ合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：该合金在热轧—冷轧后１３０℃,３ｈ退火处理可获得最佳的力学性能,σ０．２＝３０８ＭＰａ,σｂ＝４０６ＭＰａ,δ＝１５％;退火过程中,由于Ａｌ３（Ｓｃ,Ｚｒ）第二相对位错和亚晶界的钉扎作用,合金中依次发生不同程度的回复和部分再结晶。     

Effects of Ce and Sb on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by the EPC process

The effects of small amounts of cerium and antimony additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of AZ91D（Mg-9Al-Zn） based alloy were researched via the expendable pattern casting（EPC） process.The results show that the microstructure is obviously refined and the tensile strength of the AZ91D based alloy at ambient temperature is significantly improved.When compared to AZ91D,the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has higher ultimate tensile strength and elongation.Its ultimate tensile strength and elongation are enhanced by 39% and 47%,respectively.The morphology of the tensile fracture of the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has more characteristics of quasi-cleavage.This indicates that it has had a larger plastic deformation before failure.The tensile strength and elongation decrease with the increase of Ce and Sb contents because of the coarsening and volume increase of CeSb and Al11Ce3 phases.     

锑对AZ91D镁合金微观组织的影响

研究了锑对AZ91D镁合金微观组织的影响。在AZ91D镁合金熔炼过程中加入三氧化二锑引入锑元素,用光学显微镜对加锑前后合金显微组织及其变化情况进行研究,发现锑的加入可使AZ91D镁合金的组织发生明显变化,β-Mg17Al12脆性相由连续网状分布逐渐变为离散状。同时利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和透射电镜分析了锑在合金中的存在形式。结果表明,锑在AZ91D镁合金中主要以两种形式存在:固溶在α-Mg、β相中;形成新相Mg3Sb2。锑在镁合金中生成的新相Mg3Sb2既作为异质形核核心细化组织,又会聚集在固液界面前沿抑制晶体的长大,从而对镁合金起到细化晶粒的作用。     

Effect of rare earth additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys

In order to meet the demands of high temperature components in automobile, the microstructure and mechanical properties of several new die-casting AZ91-rare earth (RE) magnesium alloys were studied. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), tensile and creep tests. The results show that Ce addition has little effect on the mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy at high temperature, while Y and Nd addition play important role in the improvement of creep resistance. New alloys containing Y or Nd with excellent high temperature performance are selected to produce cylinder head cover of high power diesel engine of Red Flag car and oil pan of Besturn car. The new magnesium alloys with RE addition for die-casting have potential to produce power-train parts, and can greatly decrease weight.     

Corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in high humidity atmospheres

The influence of relative humidity (80–90–98% RH) and temperature (25 and 50 °C) on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys was evaluated using gravimetric measurements. The results were compared with the data obtained for the same alloys immersed in Madrid tap water. The corrosion rates of AZ alloys increased with the RH and temperature and were influenced by the aluminium content and alloy microstructure for RH values above 90%. The initiation of corrosion was localised around the Al–Mn inclusions in the AZ31 alloy and at the centre of the α‐Mg phase in the AZ80 and AZ91D alloys. The β‐Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase acted as a barrier against corrosion.     

稀土Y+AZ91D镁合金的微观组织及耐蚀性研究

通过盐雾腐蚀试验,研究了稀土Y对AZ91D镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响。用光学显微镜(OM)观察组织结构,应用XRD对其进行物相分析,采用静态失重法计算其腐蚀速率,比较含Y和不含Y的AZ91D镁合金的组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Y+AZ91D镁合金在NaCl溶液中具有优异的耐蚀性,并且随Y含量的增加,Mg17Al12相增多,针状组织Al4MgY也增多,细化了合金的微观组织,耐腐蚀性能也进一步得到提高。     

喷射成形Mg-9Al-xZn合金的微观组织演变

利用喷射成形技术制备AZ91、AZ92和AZ93镁合金沉积柱坯,并对其微观组织演变进行观察.结果表明:铸态普通凝固AZ91合金的晶粒粗大,脆性β-Mg17Al12相连续分布成网状结构;而喷射成形AZ91、AZ92和AZ93合金的组织均匀,晶粒被充分细化,β-Mg17Al12相的网状结构被打破;喷射沉积快速凝固条件下高的冷却速率促进了过饱和α-Mg固溶体组织的形成,使得偏析相减少,形态改善;Zn含量的增加降低了Al在Mg中的溶解极限,促进了β-Mg17Al12相在晶界的析出及α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12离异共晶组织的形成;Zn元素的偏析倾向为激活成分过冷区内的形核质点提供了驱动力,从而阻碍了晶粒长大.     

微量Sc元素对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响

本试验以AZ91镁合金为基,制备了含Sc的AZ91镁合金.研究了微量Sc对AZ91镁合金组织性能的影响.结果表明,Sc的加入,在AZ91中形成了Al3Sc新相;细化了AZ91合金的铸态组织,改变了第二相Mg17Al12的形貌;显著提高了材料的硬度、强度;抑制了材料的动态再结晶,且延缓了材料的时效硬化行为.     

Effect of Ca content and rheo-squeeze casting parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91−1Ce−xCa alloys

The microstructure, mechanical properties and flame resistance behavior of the AZ91?1Ce alloys with different Ca additions were firstly investigated. Then, the effect of processing parameters, including applied pressures and rotation speeds, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the rheo-squeeze casting AZ91?1Ce?2Ca alloy was studied. The results indicate that with the increase of Ca content, the microstructure is refined and the flame resistance of the AZ91?1Ce?xCa alloys increases. But when the Ca content exceeds 1 wt.%, with the Ca content increasing, the mechanical properties of the AZ91?1Ce?xCa alloys reduce rapidly. For rheo-squeeze casting process, the increase of applied pressure and rotation speed can both bring about significant refinement in the microstructure of the AZ91?1Ce?2Ca alloy and reduction of the porosity, so the mechanical properties increase. Compared to conventional casting, the AZ91?1Ce alloy with the addition of 2 wt.% Ca by rheo-squeeze casting not only guarantees the oxidation resistance (801 °C), but also improves mechanical properties.     

Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys

The corrosion behaviours of four kinds of rolled magnesium alloys of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 were studied in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The results of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the four materials is ranked as ZK60＞AM60＞AZ31＞AZ91. The corrosion processes of the four magnesium alloys were also analyzed by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that the corrosion patterns of the four alloys are localized corrosion and the galvanic couples formed by the second phase particles and the matrix are the main source of the localized corrosion of magnesium alloys. The corrosion resistance of the different magnesium alloys has direct relationship with the concentration of alloying elements and microstructure of magnesium alloys. The ratio of the β phase in AZ91 is higher than that in AZ31 and the β phase can form micro-galvanic cell with the alloy matrix, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 will be higher than AZ91. The manganese element in AM60 magnesium alloy can form the second phase particle of AlMnFe, which can reduce the Fe content in magnesium alloy matrix, purifying the microstructure of alloy, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AM60 is improved. However, due to the more noble galvanic couples of AlMnFe and matrix, the microscopic corrosion morphology of AM60 is more localized. The zirconium element in ZK60 magnesium alloy can refine grain, form stable compounds with Fe and Si, and purify the composition of alloy, which results in the good corrosion resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

挤压高强度AZ91D镁合金管材的研究

针对挤压变形得到的高强度AZ91D合金管材进行了组织分析,探讨了其强化机制。实验得出,在温度为430℃、应变速率为0.033s-1、挤压比为12时AZ91D镁合金挤压管材(T6)的抗拉强度可达417.2MPa,远远高于压铸镁合金及AZ31等常用变形镁合金;除细晶强化外,第二相强化、亚晶界析出强化和堆垛结构强化为其主要强化机制。