铸造Al-Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作。中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异。Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色。通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可以对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预测,继而控制熔体处理的质量。对于亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金,归纳起来有四种晶粒细化机理：包晶反应理论、共晶反应理论、硼化物颗粒理论和超形核理论。仅对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金细化处理的最新进展、Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用和晶粒细化机理进行综合评述     

铸造Al—Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作,中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异,Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细胞化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色,通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可愉对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预     

Al－Si－Cu合金加入Sr复合变质剂的变质效果

用Ｓｒ、Ｎａ、Ｔｉ、Ｂ复合变质剂对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｕ亚共晶铸造合金进行变质处理，其作用与单独加Ｓｒ变质相比，能更好地细化共晶和晶粒，并具有良好的长效性。     

Al—Si—Cu合金加入Sr复合变质剂的变质效果

用Ｓｒ，Ｎａ，Ｔｉ，Ｂ复合变质剂对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｕ亚共晶铸造合金进行变质处理，其作用与单独加Ｓｒ变质相比，能更好地细化共晶和晶粒，并具有良好的长效性。     

文摘

010 90 1　铝铸造工业用添加剂〔Ｊ〕Ｄ Ａ Ｂｏｏｔ Ｆｏｕｎｄｒｙｍａｎ 　2 0 0 1,94( 3) :83、 84铝硅合金的铸造性能、力学性能和表面质量都可以用在铝液中加入添加剂的方法加以改善。添加剂的主要作用是细化初晶硅 ,改善共晶结晶方式和细化晶粒。介绍了亚共晶、共晶和过共晶铝硅合金的添加剂处理效果 ,阐明了变质和细化机理。根据铝硅合金中的不同含硅量 ,提出了Ｔｉ、Ｂ细化剂和Ｓｒ变质剂的适宜加入量。0 10 90 2　具有优良韧性和加工性能的硅合金化球铁〔Ｊ〕Ｌ Ｅ Ｂｉ ｒｋｇｒｅｎ ,Ｋ Ｈａｍｂｅｒｇ Ｆｏｕｎｄｒｙｍａｎ 2 …     

电磁搅拌作用对铝合金显微组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌对ＺＬ１０１Ａ铝合金显微组织的影响，阐明了不同搅拌工艺条件下ＺＬ１０１Ａ铝合金的显微组织的变化规律。结果表明：在磁场强度大于０．０６５Ｔ的ＥＭＳ作用下，ＺＬ１０１Ａ合金能够得到非树枝晶组织，未经细化处理，晶粒尺寸在１００－３００μｍ范围内；随着ＥＭＳ作用的增强；晶粒向完全椭球形发展；本实验条件下ＥＭＳ没有细化共晶Ｓｉ的作用，也没有改变共晶Ｓｉ的析出形态；搅拌作用与合金凝固良好匹配是得     

Sr/P变质处理对挤压铸造Al-17.5Si合金组织与性能的影响

研究Sr和P变质对挤压铸造Al-17.5Si合金组织与力学性能的影响。试验结果显示:挤压铸造对过共晶Al-17.5Si合金的组织产生了显著的影响,共晶组织明显细化,初生Si相的数量减少并细化,同时力学性能显著提高。Sr变质后的Al-17.5Si合金在压力下凝固,共晶Si相进一步细化,变为十分细小的纤维状,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率比重力铸造分别提高了59%和328.7%。当P变质处理Al-17.5Si合金挤压铸造成形后,合金组织中却出现了大量的粗大初生Si相颗粒,使得合金的力学性能呈现了降低的趋势。由此确定,挤压铸造过共晶Al-Si合金的最佳变质处理为Sr变质,P变质不适用于挤压铸造成形的过共晶Al-Si合金。     

用磷和硫细化变质Al—26%Si合金

用Ｐ和Ｓ对Ａｌ－２６％Ｓｉ合金进行了细化变质处理。经过细化变质处理后的Ａｌ－２６％Ｓｉ合金，初晶硅粒度达到２０μｍ以下，机械强度达到１６０～１７０ＭＰａ。研究表明，含Ｐ和Ｓ复合细化变质剂是细化变质过共晶铝硅合金的有效细化变质剂之一。     

过共晶Al-Si合金的变质处理

根据钠、磷对铝硅合金的变质、细化机理，用赤磷、磷酸钠辅以石墨碳粉，按一定比例配制的变质剂对过共晶ＡｌＳｉ合金熔体进行变质、细化处理。将初晶硅平均线长度抑制在２０μｍ以下，达到了细化、球化硅晶体的效果，获得了分布均匀的微观组织。     

海外文献速报

20130101恒川好树,奥宫正洋,本村隆宽,等.基于超声振动的半固态铸造Al-Si-Fe系合金的组织变化及力学特性.铸造工学,2012,84(2):75-80.基于可持续发展和节能的需要,对于含铁Al-Si回收料的再生利用十分重要。因超声振动方法能对高Fe含量亚共晶Al-7Si合金组织进行细化,故对高频加热到半熔融状态的铝液实施超声处理,然后进行半固态铸造成形,研究了其凝固组织和力学性能。试验合金为Al-7Si-Fe,Fe含量分别为0.04%,0.2%,     

超声波对原位Mg_2Si／Al复合材料中初生Mg_2Si形态的影晌

采用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜,研究超声波对原位Mg2Si／A1复合材料中初生Mg_2Si形态的影响。研究结果表明：超声波处理使初生Mg2Si的晶粒尺寸从150μm降低到20μm,初生Mg_2Si形态发生改变。在二维形貌中,未实施超声波振动处理的初生Mg_2Si晶粒生长为含有空腔的粗大颗粒,共晶组织生长于其中,相应的三维形态为含有漏斗状空腔的八面体和十四面体。超声波处理后的初生Mg_2Si晶粒变成细小、实心三维形态的颗粒,颗粒棱角已发生钝化效应。     

Effect of Sr modification on microstructure and thermal conductivity of hypoeutectic Al−Si alloys

Trace amount of Sr (0.05 wt.%) was added into the hypoeutectic Al−Si (3−12 wt.% Si) alloys to modify their microstructure and improve thermal conductivity. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of hypoeutectic Al−Si alloys was improved by Sr modification, and the increment and increasing rate of the thermal conductivity gradually increased with Si content increasing. The improvement of thermal conductivity was primarily related to the morphology variation of eutectic Si phases. In Sr-modified Al−Si alloys, the morphology of eutectic Si phases was a mixed morphology of fiber structure and fine flaky structure, and the proportion of the fine flaky eutectic Si phases gradually decreased with Si content increasing. Under the Si content reaching 9 wt.%, the proportion of fine flaky eutectic Si phases was nearly negligible in Sr-modified alloys. Correspondingly, the increment and increasing rate of thermal conductivity of Sr-modified alloys reached the maximum and tended to be stable.     

铝硅合金的振动变质研究

研究了超声振动对铝硅合金的变质作用,结果表明：功能超声能提高液相形核率,抑制Ｓｉ相长大;空化效应能打断生长中的硅晶体,改变硅的形态和分布,减小其对基体的削弱作用,超声变质是细化合金组织,提高合金性能的有效途径。     

Effect of phosphor addition on eutectic solidification and microstructure of an Al-13％Si alloy

As the refiner or modifier, the master alloys containing high concentration phosphor are widely used in preparing eutectic or hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. To study the effect of phosphor addition on the eutectic solidification and microstructure of the Al-13%Si alloy, an investigation has been undertaken by means of thermal analysis and micro/macro-structure observation. Results indicate that addition of phosphor in near eutectic Al-Si alloy promotes the nucleation of eutectic but has little refinement impact on primary Si particles as expected. Conversely, both primary Si particles and eutectic Si flakes become slightly coarser in P-rich alloys. The coarsening of eutectic Si flakes ties closely to the increased eutectic growth temperature with phosphor addition. The eutectic solidification of the alloy proceeds from the near mold zone towards the center, and it is also found that a few independent nucleation regions emerge in liquid at the solidification front due to the addition of phosphor.     

The Modification of Aluminium Silicon Casting Alloys

This paper reviews recent TEM studies of the structure of the Si phase in unmodified, quench modified and impurity modified Al-Si eutectic alloys and discusses the growth mechanism of the Si phase in the three eutectic structures. Initial results from kinetic measurements being made to provide additional information on the growth mechanisms are reported.     

电磁离心铸造Al-20Si过共晶合金中硅相组织演变规律

采用电磁离心铸造的方法制备了Al-20Si(质量分数,下同)过共晶合金空心管坯,研究了电磁场对合金凝固组织及硅相形貌的影响.结果表明,随磁场强度增加铸坯外侧硅相聚集层厚度不断减小;与传统离心铸造的铝硅过共晶合金微观组织相比,施加电磁场后凝固组织中初晶硅相得到细化,外侧硅相形貌逐渐由典型的五瓣星形成为沿热流方向生长的初晶硅枝晶,内侧硅相受到电磁搅拌作用发生合并凝聚和钝化;初晶硅相尺寸及形状因子随磁场强度增加在不断减小.电磁搅拌破坏了硅相呈放射状排列的结构,共晶硅分布杂乱,且共晶团共晶片层间距逐渐增加.     

硅相形态及含量对Al-Si合金线膨胀系数的影响

利用金相显微镜、DIL402C高温膨胀仪等对Al-Si合金的线膨胀进行了研究。结果表明：对于Al-Si合金,硅含量越高,其线膨胀系数越小,随温度变化幅度减小;随着温度升高,磷变质比锶变质的线膨胀系数变化幅度小,合金更加稳定;此外,T6热处理也显著降低Al-Si合金的线膨胀系数。通过对合金线膨胀系数和微观组织的对比观察发现：硅相的形态和体积分数对Al-Si合金的线膨胀系数产生重要影响。初晶硅体积分数的增加和初晶硅的析出能够显著降低Al-Si合金的线膨胀系数,共晶硅的形态对合金线膨胀系数也有一定的影响,共晶硅为短棒状、颗粒状时（尤其经热处理后）,合金的线膨胀系数也显著降低。     

Effect of strontium on crystallization of Mg2Si phase in Al—Si—Mg casting alloys

Otical microscope and SEM were used to observe the changes of the microstructure of Al-11.6%Si-0.4% Mg alloys with varying strontium additions and the effect of strontium on the crystallization of Mg2Si phase was discussed.It is found that Mg2Si phase nucleastes on the the surfaces of the eutectic silicon flakes in the unfully modified alloys,growing as meshwork or bamboo-shoot shape,however,very few and fine Mg2Si particles phase are isolated at the boundaries of the eurectic cells in the fully modified alloys.Strontium has an important influence on the crystallization of Mg2Si phase in the Al-Si-Mg casting alloys and it is thought to be related to the increase of the amunt of dendritic αphase and the modifying degree of eutectic silicon phase.     

Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy produced by different casting technologies

The effect of thermal exposure at 350 °C for 200 h on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy, which was produced by permanent mold casting (PMC) and high pressure die casting (HPDC). The SEM and IPP software were used to characterize the morphology of Si phase in the studied alloys. The results show that the thermal exposure provokes spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic Si particles. The ultimate tensile strength of the HPDC alloy after thermal exposure is higher than that of the PMC alloy at room temperature. However, the TEPMC and TEHPDC alloys have similar tensile strength around 67 MPa at 350 °C. Due to the coarsening of eutectic Si, the TEPMC alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the TEHPDC alloy under studied creep conditions. Therefore, the alloys with small size of eutectic Si are not suitably used at 350 °C.     

钛硅共晶系合金的微观组织与断裂特征

钛硅共晶系合金的组织形态与传统铸造钛合金组织完全不同，随着Si含量的增多合金塑性变差；断口形貌显示，合金的断裂为明显的脆性断裂，但不同类型的合金断裂机制又不尽相同。试验测试了亚共晶Ti-7%Si合金的共晶Ti-8.5%Si合金的室温和高温拉伸性能。