氢氧化镍电极材料的层错结构表征

根据氢氧化镍电极材料的X射线衍射谱线的各向异性宽化特性 ,提出层错结构表征方法。采用层错宽化效应的Warren法和Langford谱分解法 ,测算了一些镍电极材料的层错率。结果发现层错率与材料的放电容量存在对应关系 ,放电容量较高 (2 70mA·h/g)的材料层错率达 14.9% ,而放电容量较低 (2 0 7mA·h/ g)的材料层错率为 7.6 %。因此可以用层错率表征氢氧化镍电极材料的电化学性能     

TiCl_3氧化烧结制备纳米材料

以ＴｉＣｌ３为源物质,制备了纳米级ＴｉＯ２粉末材料。通过差热分析（ＤＴＡ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）等实验手段研究了不同温度下烧结的ＴｉＯ２的形态和结构。结果表明,采用这一工艺在３００℃烧结就可获得纳米金红石型ＴｉＯ２,在８００℃烧结其尺寸达１００ｎｍ左右;形貌分析表明,制备的金红石晶粒常见形态为单形。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃的晶化过程

利用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、红外吸收光谱（ＩＲ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等手段研究了ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３系微晶玻璃晶化过程及其结晶化过程及其结晶动力学。结果表明：ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３系微晶玻璃晶化过程中,初晶相是钙铁透辉石,钙铝黄长石是中间过渡相且随晶化温度的提高而消失,最终晶相只有钙铁透辉石;晶体生长指数为２．９,属三维生长。玻璃网络中主要有     

EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURES OF NANOCRYSTALS α-Fe_2O_3

采用沉淀法制备了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒，在不同的温度和压力下对超微粒粉末进行处理，利用Ｘ射线衍射和Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱对高压处理前后的样品进行了分析。结果表明，压力主要对微晶的表面或纳米晶体的界面结构产生影响，使晶格畸变或无序程度增加。     

磁控反应溅射制备GexC1—x薄膜的结构

利用射频磁控反应溅射以Ａｒ、ＣＨ４为原料气体,在较宽的工艺参数范围内制备出了ＧｅｘＣ１－ｘ薄膜。利用Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）对制备的薄膜进行了分析。结果表明,ＧｅｘＣ１－ｘ薄的结构强烈领事于制备的工艺参数。当沉积温度较低、射频功率不大时,ＧｅｘＣ１－ｘ薄膜主要为非晶态结构。随着沉积温度升高、射频功率增大,薄膜中出现Ｇｅ微晶相。ＧｅｘＣ１－ｘ薄膜中Ｇｅ与Ｃ发生电荷的转移,形成化     

Hf—Ir和Zr—Os二元系金属玻璃的结晶行为

用电弧熔炼锤砧技术,在Ｈｆ－Ｉｒ和Ｚｒ－Ｏｓ二元合金系中制得新的金属玻璃,其成分范围是;Ｈｆ１００－ＸＩｒＸ,Ｘ＝２０－３０ａｔ％;Ｚｒ１００－ＸＯＳＸ,Ｘ＝２０－３０ａｔ％。作者用差示扫描量热计（ＤＳＣ）研究Ｈｆ１００－ＸＩｒｘ和Ｚｒ１００－ＸＯＳＸ（Ｘ＝２０,２５,３０ａｔ％）金属玻璃的结晶行为,测定结晶温度,结晶热和结晶激活能,并用Ｘ射线衍射技术分析Ｈｆ８０Ｉｒ２０和Ｚｒ７５Ｏｓ２５金属玻璃     

覆钴型氢氧化镍的制备

通过"管道式合成"工艺制备了球形氢氧化镍,然后以化学沉积法在氢氧化镍表面包覆氢氧化钴,制备了表面覆钴含量不同(0.75%～6.00%,质量分数,下同)的覆钴型氢氧化镍.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和恒流充放电技术测试了其相结构、表面微观形貌和质量比容量、循环寿命等,研究了覆钴型氢氧化镍表面不同含量的钴对组织结构及电化学性能的影响.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析表明:表面包覆不同含量钴的氢氧化镍结构仍为β相,但其表面形貌各有不同.电化学测试结果表明:表面覆钴含量1.5%～2.0%左右的氢氧化镍具有优良的电化学循环稳定性及大电流(2C)充放电性能优异,300次循环后比容量仍能保持约80%,可作为氢镍动力电池的正极材料.     

乙酸钌的合成及其热分解行为

以ＲｕＣｌ３·ｎＨ２Ｏ及ＡｇＡｃ为原料，合成一种乙酸型的钌配合物，用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱、核磁共振氢谱及ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ对该配合物进行了结构表征，确定分子式为ＲｕＯ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）·２Ｈ２Ｏ；用Ｘ射线衍射测定了产物热分解后的组份。     

Al与Zn复合取代α-Ni(OH)2的结构和电化学性能

采用络合沉淀、并行低速加料法制备了Al取代和Al与Zn复合取代α Ni(OH) 2 样品 ,研究了其结构、表面形貌和电化学性能。结果表明 :用该种方法制备的α Ni(OH) 2 颗粒呈规则的球形且表面粗糙 ;与Al单独取代α Ni(OH) 2 相比 ,Al与Zn复合取代α Ni(OH) 2 颗粒的球形度和活化性能有所降低 ,放电电位和循环稳定性有所提高。α Ni(OH) 2 的红外光谱、X射线衍射及样品电极的电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明 ,复合添加Al和Zn提高了氢氧化镍的结构稳定性 ,降低了颗粒的微晶尺寸和电极反应的电荷转移电阻     

Ga替代对Gd2（Fe,Co）17化合物磁性的影响

通过Ｘ射线衍射和磁性测量手段研究了Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ０．８Ｃｏ０．２）１７－ｘＧａｘ（０≤Ｘ≤８）化合物的结构和磁性。实验结果表明Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ０．８Ｃｏ０．２）１７－ＸＣａＸ化合物均为菱方的Ｔｈ２Ｚｎ１７型结构,单胞体积Ｖ随Ｃａ含量的增加单调上升,居里温度Ｔｃ和饱和磁化强度Ｍｓ随Ｇａ含量的增加而单调下降。粉末取向样品的Ｘ射线衍射结果表明,随Ｇａ含量的增加,化合物的室温易磁化方向由易面转变为易轴,Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ．８Ｃｏ０．２）１７－ＸＣａＸ化合物的３ｄ亚晶格出现室温单轴各向异性可能与Ｃａ原子的择优占位有关。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.