激光微熔覆沉积成形工艺参数对TC4钛合金沉积组织的影响

通过改变激光微熔覆沉积制造过程中的激光功率和扫描速度,研究了成形工艺参数对TC4合金组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明:激光微熔覆沉积组织可以为贯穿整个熔覆层的外延生长的柱状晶,也可能下部晶粒延续着前一层的柱状晶生长,最上部为快速凝固的枝晶薄层。宏观上存在明暗2个组织区域,当P/V值小于40 W·s·mm~(-1)时,成形试样的显微组织顶部区域为明区,下部为暗区。2个区域的组织都为细长针状马氏体,明区组织更细密。同时,明区的硬度要比暗区高,并且随着激光功率的增加或扫描速度的减小,顶部明区的宽度增加,而明区和暗区的硬度都呈下降趋势。反之为暗区在上,明区在下。此时,明区的组织仍然是细针状的马氏体组织。暗区是由于发生了固溶时效处理,细针状马氏体组织粗化,同时暗区的硬度要高于明区的硬度。     

激光快速成形TC21钛合金沉积态组织研究

分别采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和显微硬度等测试手段，研究了激光快速成形高强高韧损伤容限型TC21钛合金的沉积态组织。结果表明：TC21沉积态有着粗大的沿沉积高度方向外延生长的原始声柱状晶，仅最后一层熔覆层顶部为较细小的声等轴晶。宏观上存在明暗两个组织区域，明区为针状马氏体区，位于最后十几层熔覆层，暗区为网篮组织区。结合成形过程传热和组织转变理论分析认为，网篮组织是由明区的初始快冷凝固的马氏体在成形过程中，经受再热循环的固溶时效作用转变而来。随着激光功率的增大，原始声柱状晶将粗化，暗区网篮组织中片状口亦将长大；明区硬度基本不变，暗区硬度略有下降。     

厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接头组织和力学性能研究

对30 mm厚TC4钛合金进行电子束焊接试验,通过金相分析以及显微硬度测试对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,TC4钛合金母材由等轴α以及部分β转变组织组成,焊缝区组织在纵向上具有不均匀性。焊缝顶部β柱状晶粗大,沿熔合线向顶部生长,中部和下部柱状晶相对较小,垂直熔合线向焊缝中心对称竞相生长。β晶粒内部微观组织为针状马氏体,马氏体尺寸从焊缝顶部到底部逐渐减小。热影响区显微组织为等轴初生α相和α'针状马氏体,以及未完全转变的β相。焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度值高于母材;在焊缝区纵向上,顶部显微硬度值为340 HV,随着距离焊缝顶部距离的增加,硬度值显著增大,最大值为435 HV。     

激光熔化沉积300M超高强度钢的显微组织

利用OM和SEM分析了激光熔化沉积快速成形300M钢薄板的显微组织,测试了硬度随沉积高度的变化规律.结果表明:薄板状试样具有细小、均匀的胞状树枝晶组织,其显微组织随沉积高度增加变化显著,底部为贝氏体及马氏体回火组织,中、下部为无碳化物贝氏体 岛状马氏体/奥氏体(M-A)组织,中、上部为马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织;试样宏观硬度沿沉积增高方向呈台阶状变化,3个硬度平台区分别对应于上述3种不同的显微组织.试样显微组织及硬度随沉积高度的变化是由于激光熔化沉积过程中不同沉积高度处的材料经历的快速非稳态热循环历史不同,从而发生不同的固态相变过程所致.     

预热温度对U75V激光熔覆成形性能的影响

研究了预热温度对U75V激光熔覆成形的影响,分析了熔覆层显微组织特征和硬度分布。结果表明,当预热温度低于125 ℃时,熔覆层出现了孔洞和熔深分布不均匀的缺陷,整体尺寸波动较大;125 ℃预热成形的多层熔覆层无明显缺陷。在母材预热后,单层熔覆层熔覆区组织由魏氏组织变化为下贝氏体,热影响区主要为粗晶马氏体,硬度变化较小。多层熔覆层熔覆区组织为柱状晶和等轴晶共存,热影响区的马氏体分布在熔合线附近区域。预热后熔覆层的硬度有所下降,预热对马氏体转变的影响较小。     

TC17钛合金构件激光直接成形固态相变行为及显微组织

采用激光熔化沉积技术直接成形TC17钛合金构件,利用OM、SEM以及XRD分析其显微组织特征,并重点研究了其在激光短时循环加热冷却作用下的固态相变行为及显微组织演化特点。结果表明,激光熔化沉积TC17钛合金具有定向外延生长的"指节"状晶粒和少量等轴晶交替排列的凝固组织,其显微组织是由不规则片状初生α相和细小网篮状β转变组织组成的超细特殊双态组织。最后约12个沉积层内由于热循环历史不同,使得不同沉积层固态相变显微组织不同:顶部4个沉积层内显微组织为相变点以上快速冷却形成的细针状马氏体,第N-4~N-6层由细针状马氏体和马氏体分解形成的少量不规则片状初生α相组成,第N-7~N-11层内逐渐形成特殊双态组织。     

基于单点熔覆的TC4合金激光沉积成形试验

为了研究激光沉积成形对TC4钛合金组织和质量的影响,进行了基于单点熔覆沉积成形熔池凝固试验。对激光熔池的形貌和微观组织进行了研究,并对微观组织进行了成分偏析和显微硬度的检测。结果表明,熔凝组织呈典型的快速凝固现象,不存在微观组织元素偏析,晶粒主要由柱状晶组成,随功率增大,有向等轴晶转化趋势;较高的激光功率或较长扫描时间是形成良好成形组织的基础,晶粒生长大小受温度影响较大,生长方向则由温度梯度影响;熔凝组织硬度高于基体,而随功率或扫描时间增加,熔凝组织硬度减小。     

厚壁TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织特征

对50mm厚壁TC4-DT钛合金进行焊接试验,通过对接头横截面进行光学显微组织分析和显微硬度测试,研究电子束焊接对该合金微观组织特征的影响。结果表明:TC4-DT钛合金母材显微组织为等轴状初生α相和层片状(α+β)所构成的典型双态组织。焊缝区的显微组织为网篮状马氏体组织α,,焊缝上部粗大的原始β柱状晶界明显,下部原始β晶粒尺寸较小且晶界不明显。热影响区显微组织可分为2个区域,近焊缝热影响区显微组织为少量等轴初生α+针状马氏体α,,近母材热影响区显微组织为等轴初生α+含针状α的转变β组织。2个区域的分界取决于焊接冷却过程的β转变温度。接头焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度偏高,近焊缝热影响区显微硬度达到峰值。另外,不同焊缝深度处显微硬度有差别:随着熔深位置增加,焊缝区的显微硬度呈递增趋势。     

激光焊接快速凝固Ni51Ti49形状记忆合金显微组织和相变行为

文中研究了快速凝固Ni₅₁Ti₄₉形状记忆合金条(厚度1 mm)的激光焊接工艺,以及焊缝成形、接头显微组织演变、硬度分布和马氏体相变行为. 结果表明,激光功率和焊接速度对焊缝成形有显著影响,采用激光功率为700 W、焊接速度为8 mm/s的焊接工艺实现焊缝区完全熔透,并获得熔合面积适中、缺陷较少的高质量接头;激光焊接导致接头各区域呈现显著的组织不均匀性,其中母材区保留快速凝固工艺的细晶、强织构显微组织特征,热影响区为粗大等轴晶和柱状晶构成的混合晶组织,焊缝中心区为粗大的柱状晶. 激光焊接后热影响区和熔合区的维氏硬度相对母材有显著降低,其中熔合区的平均硬度最低,其值为311 HV ± 14 HV. 接头经500 ℃保温1 h无应力时效处理后,接头各区域组织的相变行为明显不同,其中冷却过程中母材区发生常规两步马氏体相变(B2–R–B19′),而焊缝区呈现多步马氏体相变行为,即先发生一步B2–R相变,随后发生两个独立的R–B19′相变.     

超塑成形TC4薄板激光焊接头组织及性能研究

对1mm厚Ti6A14V钛合金薄板进行了激光焊接工艺试验,研究结果表明:激光焊配合修饰焊工艺获得成形均匀和质量良好的接头,且焊缝内部无气孔、裂纹等缺陷。接头焊缝区组织以针状α′马氏体相为主,热影响区组织分为粗晶区和细晶区,粗晶区包含较多的针状马氏体,细晶区则为板条状α相+少量针状马氏体;接头硬度由母材区到焊缝区呈逐渐增高趋势,焊缝区显微硬度最高,为371 HV。薄板TC4钛合金激光焊接头拉伸强度与基材相当,断后伸长率略低于母材,接头横弯弯曲角度略低于母材,弯曲断裂于母材侧。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.