微量Mg元素对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金组织及性能的影响

通过对不同Mg含量的Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸态、固溶态和时效态的微观组织进行分析,研究了微量Mg对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,添加的Mg元素会在富Sn相中偏聚,并且可以显著抑制时效过程中不连续沉淀相的析出,从而改善合金的力学性能。此外,随着Mg添加量增加,合金的峰值时效硬度增大,电导率降低。在Mg含量为0.3%时,合金的硬度(HV)和电导率分别为369和4.85 MS/m,相较未加入Mg时硬度(HV)提高了11,电导率下降了0.26 MS/m。     

热处理工艺对Cu-Ni-Si-Fe-P合金组织与性能的影响

向Cu-Ni-Si合金中添加少量的Fe、P,制备了Cu-Ni-Si-Fe-P合金。研究了热处理对Cu-1.7Ni-0.5Si-0.27Fe-0.03P合金显微组织演变、电导率和硬度的影响。结果表明,随着固溶温度升高,合金中树枝状的析出物逐渐溶解,在850℃×1h固溶处理后析出相充分固溶于基体中。合金硬度(HV)随着固溶温度升高而快速下降,最低达到107.39;电导率小幅下降,最低为12.75MS/m。经850℃×1h固溶处理+500℃×3h时效后,硬度(HV)达到208.10,电导率达到23.78MS/m,软化温度达到568.7℃。合金在时效初期先析出大颗粒的NiSiFeP等化合物,时效后分解成较小的FeP和NiSi化合物。     

V对Cu-7.5Ni-5Sn合金组织和性能影响

用高频感应熔炼炉制备3种不同V含量的Cu-7.5Ni-5Sn合金,经均匀化、固溶和时效处理后,测试试样硬度和导电率,研究添加V对合金显微组织和合金性能的影响。研究表明,添加V会细化合金组织,并抑制时效过程中晶界不连续沉淀的产生,而且随V含量的增加,对晶界沉淀抑制作用增强。Cu-7.5Ni-5Sn在380℃时效5 h获得峰值硬度274.6 HV,而Cu-7.5Ni-5Sn-0.2V和Cu-7.5Ni-5Sn-0.5V峰值硬度均在时效7 h后获得,分别为276 HV和289 HV,这是因为V与Ni生成Ni3V共格沉淀相,因此加V合金硬度高。添加V会延长合金硬化峰值的时效时间,同时增强硬化效果。     

时效对喷射成形Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金性能的影响

研究了喷射成形Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金"固溶+60%冷轧态"、"60%冷轧态"和"初始态"的时效特性,分析了时效对显微硬度和电导率的影响.结果表明,时效前的冷轧可以促进析出并提高强化效果,而时效前的先期析出相在显微硬度峰值过后的快速长大是造成显微硬度迅速下降的主要原因;结果还表明,"固溶+60%冷轧态"合金可以获得最高的峰值显微硬度(301 HV),"60%冷轧态"合金则可获得最高的电导率.     

固溶态Cu-1.5Ni-0.6Si合金时效析出动力学研究

研究了时效温度和时间对Cu-1.5Ni-0.6Si合金性能的影响.通过对固溶态Cu-1.5Ni-0.6Si合金450℃时效过程中的电导率的变化,根据电导率与新相的转变量之间的关系计算时效过程中新相的变化率.根据Avrami经验公式确定该温度下时效的相变动力学方程及电导率方程.实验结果表明,时效析出为Cu-1.5Ni-0.6Si合金的主要强化手段.Cu-1.5Ni-0.6Si固溶后经不同温度时效后,时效初期硬度和电导率快速上升,随后硬度到达峰值后缓慢下降,而电导率继续上升.由该电导率方程所得的计算值能较好地与实验值相符,为该合金的生产工艺的制定提供参考依据.     

Cu-9.5Ni-2.3Sn-0.5Si合金的固溶处理工艺与组织性能研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、EDAX能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、SIGMASCOPE SMP10型导电仪、维氏硬度计等,研究了热处理工艺对Cu-9.5Ni-2.3Sn-0.5Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Cu-9.5Ni-2.3Sn-0.5Si合金晶粒尺寸随固溶温度升高而长大;随着固溶温度的升高或固溶时间的延长,电导率先降后升,而硬度则下降。此外,合金经850℃×2 h固溶处理后,形成了Ni2Si、Ni31Si12相并占据了γ-(Cu,Ni)3Sn相的形核位置,此时电导率为12.0%IACS,硬度可达152 HV。     

热处理对Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si-B合金组织与性能的影响

向Cu-Cr-Zr合金中添加Ni、Si、B元素制备Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si-B合金,研究热处理对Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.06B合金显微组织、电导率和硬度的影响。结果表明：合金铸态组织为粗大的柱状晶,基体内部弥散分布着大量粗大过剩相;固溶处理后,过剩相基本溶解,晶粒明显长大;时效析出颗粒主要有Ni2Si、CrSi2、Cr3B4等化合物。随固溶温度的升高,合金硬度及电导率均快速下降,最低达到105.10 HV0.2、18.77%IACS。时效处理后,合金电导率、硬度都有大幅提升。经960 ℃×2 h固溶＋550 ℃×1 h时效后,硬度达到256.32 HV0.2,导电率达到39.7%IACS,软化温度达到575 ℃。     

Cu-Cr-Fe合金的时效析出行为

采用真空熔炼方法制备了Cu-0.32Cr-1.82Fe、Cu-0.33Cr和Cu-1.87Fe合金,随后分别进行了固溶-时效和固溶-冷变形-时效处理.采用XRD物相分析、点阵参数测量、硬度和电导率测试等手段,研究了合金在不同热处理状态下的时效行为.结果表明,同时添加Cr、Fe元素能够显著提高合金硬度,但对导电性能影响不大.Cu-0.32Cr-1.82Fe合金经1 000℃×2 h固溶处理、80%变形,在480℃时效60 min后其硬度(HV)和电导率分别可达215和31.9 MS/m.     

热处理对点焊电极用Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si合金性能的影响

以Cu-Cr-Zr合金为基体,向其中添加Ni和Si,制备了Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si合金,研究了固溶+时效处理对该合金的导电性能和显微硬度的影响。结果发现,随着固溶温度升高,Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr-2.8Ni-0.9Si合金的硬度(HV)快速下降,最低为95,电导率小幅降低,维持在9.28~10.44 MS/m之间,时效后合金电导率和硬度有较大提升。合金经960℃×2h固溶+550℃×1h时效,电导率为20.30 MS/m,硬度(HV)为273。     

固溶时效对Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金组织及其性能的影响

采用OM、XRD、导电率和硬度测试等分析方法研究了固溶时效工艺对Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金的显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,热轧态Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金中未溶解的第二相Ni2Si颗粒随着固溶温度的升高逐渐回溶,且发生再结晶,再结晶晶粒逐渐长大。当温度升高至900℃时,第二相粒子基本回溶到合金基体中。经时效处理后,合金的硬度受到析出相与再结晶的交互作用的影响。当时效温度低于450℃时,硬度值随时效时间的延长呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而时效温度升高至500℃时,合金硬度值随时效时间的延长而逐渐下降。而导电率则随时效时间的延长一直保持增大的趋势。热轧态Cu-4Ni-2Sn-Si合金经900℃×1 h固溶处理+68%冷轧变形+450℃×6 h时效处理后获得较优的综合性能,其硬度值为225 HB,导电率为24.5%IACS。     

形变热处理对Cu-Ti-Fe-Sn合金组织与性能的影响

利用真空熔炼法制备了Cu-3Ti-0.2Fe-1Sn合金,通过均匀化退火、固溶+冷轧(变形量分别为40%、60%、80%)+450 ℃时效处理,研究了形变热处理对Cu-3Ti-0.2Fe-1Sn合金显微组织、导电率及硬度的影响。结果表明:真空熔炼制得的 Cu-3Ti-0.2Fe-1Sn合金铸态组织中含有大量的枝状晶组织,经固溶处理后组织中出现了晶粒长大;铸态合金的硬度和导电率分别为178.1 HV和10.85%IACS,固溶处理后硬度和导电率都相应降低,分别为102.7 HV和4.58%IACS。经过冷变形和时效处理后Cu-3Ti-0.2Fe-1Sn合金硬度明显提高,变形量为60%时,时效480 min时硬度达到峰值,合金硬度为310.2 HV,此时合金的导电率为18.59%IACS。     

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion. Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix. Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at 400 °C and caused significant strengthening. Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength (ultimate tensile strength >1030 MPa) and higher tensile ductility (elongation>9.1%) than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment. The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.     

Effect of V addition on hardness and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloys

The effect of vanadium (V) addition on the microstructure, the hardness and the electrical conductivity of Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloys was investigated. The V-free, the 0.1 wt% V-added, the 0.2 wt% V-added Cu base alloys were exposed to the same experimental conditions. After the cold rolling of the studied alloys, the matrix was recrystallized during the solution heat treatment at 950 °C for 2 h. However, small amounts of vanadium substantially suppressed the recrystallization and retarded the grain growth of the Cu base alloys. The added vanadium accelerated the precipitation of Ni₂Si intermetallic compounds during aging and therefore it contributed positively to the resultant hardness and electrical conductivity. It was found that the hardness and the electrical conductivity increased simultaneously with increasing aging temperature and time with accelerated precipitation kinetics by the addition of vanadium. In the present study, the Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloy with 0.1 wt%V was found to have an excellent combination of the hardness and the electrical conductivity when it was aged at 500 °C.     

微量铬强化B10合金形变热处理后的组织及性能

利用真空感应熔炼-铸造工艺制备了微量铬强化的B10合金(即Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr(mass%)合金),并对铸态合金进行固溶、冷变形及退火处理,采用光学显微镜、拉伸测试和四线制测量法等研究了不同处理状态下Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金的显微组织、力学性能和电导率。结果表明,铸态Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金晶粒为等轴状,晶粒中均匀分布着黑色颗粒状析出相;再结晶退火后合金的组织均匀细小,晶粒内有明显的退火孪晶。铸态合金的导电性最好,电导率为17.15%IACS,900℃固溶2 h后合金的导电性最差,电导率为12.30%IACS。冷轧态(50%变形量)合金的强度、硬度最高,分别为340 MPa、112 HB,延塑性最差,伸长率只有8%;再结晶退火态合金综合力学性能最好;随着退火温度升高,冷轧态合金形变组织逐渐消失,且退火温度愈高,形变组织消失得愈明显,同时晶粒在退火过程中发生长大,最终导致合金强度、硬度降低,塑性增加。     

Cu-Cr-Fe-Ni合金形变热处理过程中的组织与性能

采用非真空熔炼并经热轧—固溶—冷轧—时效热处理工艺制备Cu-0.59Cr-0.078Fe-0.081Ni合金板,探究热处理和冷变形对合金显微组织、电导率和硬度的影响。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Fe-Ni合金大气熔铸后呈明显的枝状晶组织,经固溶处理后合金发生再结晶,硬度和电导率都相应的降低,分别为65.9 HV0.2、41.7%IACS;经过冷变形处理后合金的硬度显著提高,变形量达90%时,合金的硬度高达144.7 HV0.2;合金变形后在450 ℃时效的过程中硬度先增加后减少,变形量为60%时,时效30 min达到峰时效,此时硬度、电导率分别为155.5 HV0.2、71.4 %IACS。     

Microstructure and properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.4Si alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONSpinodalCu Ni SnalloyshavebeenconsideredassubstitutesforCu Bealloysbecauseoflowprice ,out standingpropertiesandsoforth .ItisanewCu basespringmaterialwithgreatpotential[13] .InCu Ni Snsystem ,Cu 15Ni 8Snalloysare graduallystressedwithhighcorrosion resistanceandexcellentresistancetostressrelaxation .However ,therearefewreportsofthisaspectinourcountry .ItisveryimportanttosuppressthediscontinuousprecipitationforCu 15Ni 8Snalloy ,atthesametime ,lowconductivityshouldbecompe…     

Co对Cu-Cr合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Cu-Cr-Co合金经80%变形量冷轧和450 ℃时效后的组织和性能,并与Cr-Cr合金进行了对比。结果表明, Cu-0.66Cr-0.05Co和Cu-0.62Cr-0.22Co合金的性能在450 ℃时效4 h时达到峰值,此时的抗拉强度、硬度及导电率分别为376 MPa和410 MPa、143.7 HV0.5和138.4 HV0.5、84.1%IACS和66.2%IACS。峰时效态Cu-Cr-Co合金析出相为体心立方结构(bcc),并与基体呈Nishiyama-Wassermann取向关系,Co含量对Cu-Cr-Co合金的晶粒形貌几乎没有影响。与Cu-Cr合金相比,Co的加入使合金时效的时间延长,硬度有所增加,抗软化性能提高,但抗拉强度和导电率均下降。由于Cu和Co在422 ℃以上具有一定的固溶度,在时效过程中部分Co逐渐固溶进基体中,形成固溶体,并没有与预测一样分布在析出相外围,降低了合金综合性能。     

Precipitation Behavior of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co Alloy During Aging

In this paper,the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy were studied.The alloys in the condition of the solution treated(soft state) and 37% cold rolled(hard state) were aged at 320 ℃for different time,respectively.The mechanical properties,electrical conductivity and microstructure of the alloy aged for different time were analyzed.Additionally,the precipitation kinetics of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloys was investigated.X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that both continuous precipitation and discontinuous precipitation existed in the hard-state Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy during the whole aging process;the sequence of continuous precipitation is G.P.zone →γ″→γ′→γ.Furthermore,the precipitation transformation mechanism of softstate alloy is homogeneous nucleation,while hard-state alloy shows the heterogeneous nucleation(interface nucleation)with the nucleation rate of both states decaying rapidly to zero during aging at 320 ℃.     

均匀化处理对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、差热分析、硬度测试和拉伸测试等方法研究了均匀化处理对Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg铸态组织中存在较严重的枝晶偏析现象,晶界及晶界交汇处有大量Al2Cu相及Al2Cu和Al2CuMg的共晶相,合金经480℃×12 h均匀化处理后,组织中的非平衡相已基本溶解,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为320 MPa,屈服强度为246 MPa,伸长率为10.2%,硬度为139.2 HV。