碱热处理镁及其在仿生模拟体液中耐蚀性能

为了提高纯镁在仿生模拟体液(SBF)中的耐腐蚀性能，对纯镁进行了碱热处理表面改性。结果表明，纯镁经碱热处理表面改性处理后，可获得致密的MgO层，有效地提高纯镁在SBF溶液中的耐腐蚀性能，并且在SBF溶液中浸泡14天后，表层为Ca／P摩尔比=1．858的钙磷基沉淀。     

MgCO3·3H2O晶体生长及晶形的影响因素

提出一种新的反应结晶过程,即采用Na2CO3溶液为沉淀剂,选择合适条件与MgCl2溶液进行均相(不加晶种)结晶反应,实现从卤水中沉淀镁,制得MgCO3·3H2O晶体.研究温度、反应液初始浓度及滴加速率对MgCO3·3H2O晶体生长及晶形的影响,采用XRD和SEM对得到的晶体进行表征.结果表明:MgCO3·3H2O晶体的收率为98.1%,纯度为99.9%,所得到的晶体为MgCO3·3H2O,且温度、反应液初始浓度及滴加速率对MgCO3·3H2O晶体的生长、形态及颗粒大小都有着显著的影响.     

碳纤维增强镁基复合材料腐蚀行为的研究

主要研究了镁基复合材料原样和热处理试样在NaCl、HCl、Na2CO3溶液中的腐蚀情况,并对它们的腐蚀速率进行了比较.结果表明镁基复合材料试样在Na2CO3溶液中的腐蚀速率最小,镁基复合材料试样在碱性溶液中比较耐腐蚀.     

水热处理镁离子改性改善纯钛体外骨传导性的研究

在200℃,0.1 mol/L的MgCl_2溶液中对纯钛进行了水热处理,以期改善其生物活性。采用多种分析手段对水热处理前后试样的形貌、润湿性能及表面化学成分进行了分析;采用模拟体液浸泡法评价了处理前后试样的体外骨传导性。水热处理在试样表面形成了纳米氧化钛颗粒,但并没有改变试样的微米尺度的形貌,经过水热处理的试样表现出了超亲水性。水热处理成功地将Mg元素复合至钛表面;在MgCl_2溶液中进行水热处理时,Mg元素主要以钛酸镁形式存在,而在pH为9.5的MgCl_2的溶液中进行水热处理时,Mg元素主要以Mg(OH)_2形式存在。在SBF中浸泡3 d后,水热处理试样表面可观察到羟基磷灰石球状晶簇,而未经处理的试样表面则未能发现沉积,此外,过高的Mg复合量抑制了羟基磷灰石的形核长大。结果表明,水热处理在保持种植体宏观形貌不受影响的前提下可作为种植体生产的最后工序以提高其骨结合性。     

ZM61-0.5Ca镁合金组织对其在仿生溶液中耐蚀性能的影响

对挤压态ZM61-0.5Ca镁合金以不同的工艺进行热处理,改变合金微观组织结构,研究合金成分分布、析出相等对其在仿生溶液中(SBF)耐蚀性能的影响.通过光学金相显微镜、SEM扫描电镜、XRD观察测试其组织成分,通过浸泡腐蚀、析氢、电化学测试研究其耐腐蚀性能.结果表明合金在退火态时,其细小的析出相以球状沿晶界均匀分布,腐蚀过程均匀,耐蚀性能最优.     

水热处理镁离子改性改善纯钛骨传导性的研究

在200℃,0.1mol/L的MgCl₂溶液中对纯钛进行了水热处理,以期改善其生物活性。采用多种分析手段对水热处理前后试样的形貌、粗糙度、润湿性能及表面化学成分进行了分析;采用模拟体液浸泡法评价了处理前后试样的体外骨传导性。水热处理在试样表面形成了纳米氧化钛颗粒,但并没有改变试样的微米尺度的形貌,经过水热处理的试样表现出了超亲水性。水热处理成功地将Mg元素复合至钛表面;在MgCl₂溶液中进行水热处理时,Mg元素主要以钛酸镁形式存在,而在pH为9.5的MgCl₂的溶液中进行水热处理时,Mg元素主要以Mg(OH)₂形式存在。在SBF中浸泡3天后,水热处理试样表面即可观察到典型的羟基磷灰石球状晶簇,而未经处理的试样表面则未能发现沉积,此外,过高的Mg复合量抑制了羟基磷灰石的形核长大。结果表明,水热处理在保持种植体宏观形貌不受影响的前提下可作为种植体生产的最后工序以提高其骨结合性。     

多孔钛表面无裂纹生物活化层的制备及表征

采用碱热处理方法对多孔钛进行了表面活化处理,获得了无裂纹的网状微孔结构的生物活化层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等设备对生物活化层进行表征,最后用模拟体液中浸泡的方法检测了该活化层的生物活性。结果表明:当NaOH溶液浓度低于8 mol/L,碱处理时间少于36 h时,多孔钛孔内外壁都可获得无裂纹的生物活化层,该活化层呈现网状微孔结构,是由金红石结构的二氧化钛和钛酸钠组成的混合物质。浸泡SBF后结果显示该活化层在浸泡3 d后就已诱导产生了类骨的碳羟基磷灰石,表现出了很好的生物活性。     

LAZ900镁锂合金化学镀镍前处理工艺

为了优化镁锂合金化学镀镍前处理工艺,采用磷酸、硝酸和磷酸+硝酸混合溶液3种工艺对镁锂合金进行酸洗,采用氢氟酸、氟化氢铵和磷酸+氟化氢铵混合溶液3种工艺对镁锂合金进行活化,并对活化后的镁锂合金进行镀镍处理。使用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对处理后试样进行表面分析。结果表明:经硝酸+磷酸混合处理的试样表面氧化皮去除完整、有光泽,3种工艺活化后的试样表面均有氟化镁膜生成,经氟化氢铵活化后的试样表面制得的镍磷合金颗粒均匀,排列致密。最优前处理工艺为:酸洗H3PO42mL/L,HNO310mL/L,NaF 1g/L,室温浸蚀5~30s;活化NH4HF220g/L,室温活化1~3min。     

镁合金AZ31表面液相沉积Ca-P生物陶瓷涂层的研究

研究了镁合金AZ31经过预钙吸附和阳极氧化预处理后,在Hank's溶液、Ca(NO3)2和NH4H2PO4混合溶液(简称Ca-P溶液)中制备Ca-P基生物陶瓷涂层的可能性.利用能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪分析了涂层的化学成分和相组成.结果表明,两种预处理后的AZ31镁合金在Hank's溶液中均不能沉积得到涂层.而在Ca-P溶液中浸泡48 h后,镁合金表面均沉积了Ca-P涂层.其结晶产物主要为透钙磷石(CaHPO4·2H2O)和少量的Ca(H2PO4)2.预钙吸附处理后镁合金表面形成钙的形核点,在Ca-P溶液中沉积所得的涂层均匀致密,由长、宽20～50 μm的片状结晶体组成,结晶体相互咬合交织生长;而阳极氧化处理后的AZ31在Ca-P溶液中沉积所得的涂层则呈竹叶状,且不致密.     

纯Ti表面微弧氧化-碱热处理仿生陶瓷膜的制备及耐蚀性

采用微弧氧化-碱热处理在纯Ti表面制备了含有羟基磷灰石(HA)的仿生陶瓷膜。利用SEM,XRD和电化学工作站等手段研究了膜层的形貌、物相及其耐蚀性。结果表明:在乙酸钙-磷酸二氢钙电解液体系中微弧氧化(MAO),纯Ti表面形成一层含Ca和P的TiO2多孔陶瓷膜。经水热处理后,膜层表面的孔洞变小、致密性增加,膜层中还出现了鳞状、层片状以及针棒状的HA。在Hank's模拟体液中,MAO膜和微弧氧化-碱热处理(MAOAH)膜均表现出较好的耐蚀性。MAO膜经模拟体液腐蚀后,形成了缺钙型HA(Ca8.86(PO4)6(H2O2)2)和CaTiO3;而模拟体液中的阴离子与MAOAH膜层的氧化物作用使膜层孔洞直径和深度增加。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis