压力烧结制备二氧化钛包覆的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料（英文）

使用压力烧结方法制备了石墨烯纳米片(GNP)增强的7075铝基纳米复合材料,提出了一种通过在GNP的表面涂覆二氧化钛(TiO_2)来优化界面结合的新工艺,并比对了原石墨烯及具有包覆层石墨烯对铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,与添加纯GNP相比,添加具有TiO_2涂层的GNP的纳米复合材料的力学性能提高。相比于基体,TiO_2包覆GNP增强的纳米复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度分别增加了38.9%、34.4%和20.1%。性能的进一步改善是由于TiO_2涂层优化了增强相与基体之间的界面结合,从而提高了载荷传递的有效性。     

TiO2纳米粒子对铝锂合金微弧氧化膜结构及性能的影响

为改善微弧氧化膜层的耐蚀性及力学性能,向电解液中添加TiO₂纳米粒子后对2297铝锂合金进行了微弧氧化。利用SEM、XRD、EDS、辉光放电表征技术及电化学测试技术,分析了TiO₂纳米粒子对微弧氧化膜结构、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：添加TiO₂纳米粒子后,微弧氧化膜层变得平坦致密。随着TiO₂纳米粒子添加量的提高,膜层表面放电通道的孔径逐渐减小,数量逐渐增多。TiO₂纳米粒子会抑制熔融Al₂O₃与电解液中$ {\rm{SiO}}_{\rm{3}}^{{\rm{2 ^- }}}$的接触,所以膜层中Si元素的含量随TiO₂纳米粒子添加量的增加而逐渐下降(原子数分数从初始的10.27%下降到了3.10%)。显微硬度测试结果表明,TiO₂纳米粒子的引入增加了膜层的致密度及平整度,所以膜层的硬度得到了提升(添加1 g/L TiO₂纳米粒子后硬度提高了15%)。电化学测试结果显示,当微弧氧化的其它条件相同时,TiO₂纳米粒子的适量添加会提升膜层的耐蚀性,但过量添加时,由于膜层放电通道数量的增多等原因,其耐蚀性下降。     

微波原位制备作为锂离子电池电极材料的石墨烯/TiO2 纳米复合物

通过改造的家用微波炉,实现了原位高效制备石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物。结果表明：微波辅助法能够在商用锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米颗粒表面均匀制备石墨烯纳米片,通过SiO₂/Si的剧烈电晕放电,其制备时间仅需数分钟（最短3 min）。石墨烯纳米片的尺寸大约为50 nm且缺陷很少。TiO₂晶体结构仍为锐钛矿型,主要归功于极短的制备周期和较低的反应温度（600~700 ℃）。石墨烯具有优异的电导率,可以提升锂离子扩散速率、提高电子传输速率并降低接触电阻。在1 C（170 mA·g^-1）条件下石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物的电池放电比容量提高了2倍。与商业化锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米颗粒相比,在1 C到5 C的不同充放电倍率下,石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物的比容量差距显著扩大。     

纳米CeO2掺杂对烧结钕铁硼磁体表面Zn-Al涂层性能的影响

采用喷涂工艺在烧结钕铁硼磁体表面制备了不同纳米 CeO₂ 掺杂量的 CeO₂ / Zn-Al 复合涂层。 利用扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪、盐雾试验箱和电化学工作站对 CeO₂ / Zn-Al 复合涂层的微观结构、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能进行表征分析。 结果表明:CeO₂ 纳米颗粒较均匀弥散分布于 Zn-Al 涂层中,不仅能够增加 Zn-Al 涂层的硬度,而且可以提高 Zn-Al 涂层的屏蔽性能,CeO₂ / Zn-Al 复合涂层耐中性盐雾试验能力高达 720 h。 添加的 CeO₂ 颗粒能够隔绝 Zn-Al 涂层中的锌铝薄片之间的直接接触,起到绝缘作用,延长了腐蚀介质渗入钕铁硼基体的腐蚀通道。     

原位颗粒对近液相线铸造6063铝合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理

以CuO-Al作为反应体系,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成Al₂O₃颗粒,采用近液线相铸造的方法制备6063Al-XAl₂O₃(X=0,2,4,6)复合材料。研究原位反应颗粒Al₂O₃与6063铝合金自带的原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si的形状、尺寸、数量、分布、界面特征等对合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理。结果表明,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成尺寸在亚微米级的近球形θ-Al₂O₃颗粒;其(311)晶面与6063铝合金基体(111)晶面成共格界面;6063铝合金中Mg₂Si尺寸大约为100nm,呈条带状,其(02-2)与Al基体(111)晶面属于共格界面。随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,6063铝基复合材料的晶粒组织形貌由蔷薇状逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Al₂O₃的质量分数为6%时,复合材料组织由等轴晶和细小的柱状晶组成。载荷为50N时,6063铝合金的磨损量为6.72mg,6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料的磨损量为1.63mg,相对于6063铝合金降低75.7%。原位颗粒(Al₂O₃+Mg₂Si)与铝基体都成共格界面,界面之间无污染,界面结合强度高,在磨损过程中,不易从基体中脱落,承当磨损过程中的大部分载荷。原位生成高硬度的Al₂O₃颗粒与原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si协同作用共同提高复合材料的耐磨性。外加载荷为40N时,随着增强相质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。6063铝合金磨损机制以严重的粘着磨损为主。6063-2Al₂O₃复合材料磨损机制主要以粘着磨损为主,6063-4 Al₂O₃和6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

氩弧熔敷原位合成TiC-TiB2/Ti基复合涂层组织及性能分析

利用氩弧熔敷技术,在TC4合金表面原位合成了TiC-TiB₂增强镍基复合材料涂层,利用SEM和XRD等方法分析了涂层的显微组织并测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明,熔敷组织主要由TiC,TiB₂和Ti(Ni,Cr)组成,TiB₂主要以棒状形式存在;在所形成的TiC-TiB₂/Ti复合材料层中,TiC和TiB₂颗粒分布均匀且尺寸细小;熔敷涂层由表及里组织不同;熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;涂层的显微硬度达到13.8 GPa,较基体提高了4.5倍.     

TiB2陶瓷粉末纳米化改性及其增强环氧复合涂层的制备与表征

低温条件下,以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用胶溶-回流方法在TiB₂粉体表面包覆纳米TiO₂颗粒。通过SEM、XRD、BET等分析检测方法对复合颗粒的表观形貌、包覆层相成分、比表面积等进行表征。结果显示,纳米TiO₂颗粒均匀离散地包覆在TiB₂粉体表面,包覆层主要为锐钛矿型相,TiB₂粉体纳米化改性后复合颗粒的表面粗糙度显著增加,比表面积较包覆前提高35倍以上。将包覆后的TiB₂粉体引入环氧树脂制备耐磨复合涂层,测得其磨损失重仅为包覆前复合耐磨涂层的50%,其耐磨性显著提高,并初步分析了复合耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能、磨损形貌及耐磨机理。     

La2O3含量对搅拌摩擦加工制备Ni /Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法在Al基体中添加不同La₂O₃含量的混合粉末(Ni+La₂O₃),制备 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、 EPMA及XRD对复合区微观结构及相组成进行分析,采用室温拉伸试验对 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着La₂O₃含量的增加,(Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料的组织和性能先变好后变差。当La₂O₃添加量达到5%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒分布均匀、颗粒数量最多,块状的Ni粉团聚减少,其抗拉强度达到最大值215MPa,相比Ni/Al复合材料(抗拉强度176MPa),其抗拉强度提高了22%;当La₂O₃的添加量为7%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒含量减少,块状Ni粉团聚重新出现,抗拉强度下降至201MPa。     

Ti 元素对B4C/Al复合材料力学性能的改善作用研究

B₄C/Al复合材料是目前最理想的中子吸收材料,广泛用于乏燃料储存。本文利用液态搅拌法制备B₄C/Al复合材料,通过添加Ti元素,探讨了界面反应对材料的界面结构和力学性能的影响。研究发现,Ti元素通过参与界面反应,改变了界面结构,在B₄C颗粒表面形成了紧密结合的纳米TiB₂界面层;Ti的添加消除了界面微裂纹、微孔、分离等缺陷。随着界面反应程度的加强,材料强度提高,尤其反应脱落的纳米TiB₂颗粒作为原位第二强化相进一步增强基体。B₄C/Al复合材料断裂过程表现为韧窝延性断裂;TiB₂界面层增强了B₄C颗粒与基体的结合,断裂行为从B₄C-Al界面脱落转变为B₄C颗粒断裂;但过渡的界面反应会形成微韧窝,引起材料延伸率下降。     

不同纳米碳材料增强镁基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

以AZ91合金为基体,采用液态分散技术+粉末冶金工艺+热处理工艺制备了四种纳米碳材料(碳纳米管、包覆氧化镁碳纳米管、石墨烯纳米片和氧化石墨烯)增强的镁基复合材料;测试了复合材料的力学性能,并利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对复合材料微观组织、界面结构和断口形貌进行了表征及分析。结果表明:制备的四种复合材料料中,氧化石墨烯增强的镁基复合材料屈服强度和伸长率最好,分别为(312±4.5)MPa和11.3%±0.2%,比AZ91基体分别提高了85.7%和61.4%,表明四种纳米碳材料增强体中,氧化石墨烯更有益于提高镁合金的力学性能,有利于制备高性能镁基复合材料。     

Effects of graphene nanoplates on microstructures and mechanical properties of NSA-TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The effects of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of nanoparticles strengthening activating tungsten inert gas arc welding (NSA-TIG) welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated. It was found that compared with those of activating TIG (A-TIG), and obvious refinement of α-Mg grains was achieved and the finest α-Mg grains of fusion zone of NSA-TIG joints were obtained in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating. In addition, the penetrations of joints coated by TiO₂+GNPs flux were similar to those coated by the TiO₂+SiC_p flux. However, the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating showed better mechanical properties (i.e., ultimate tensile strength and microhardness) than those with TiO₂+SiC_p flux coating. Moreover, the generation of necking only occurred in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux.     

Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process

Given the nonuse of TiO₂ nanoparticles as the reinforcement of AA2024 alloy in fabricating composites by ex-situ casting methods, it was decided to process the AA2024−xTiO_2(np) (x=0, 0.5 and 1 vol.%) nanocomposites by employing the stir casting method. The structural properties of the produced samples were then investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; their mechanical properties were also addressed by hardness and tensile tests. The results showed that adding 1 vol.% TiO₂ nanoparticles reduced the grain size and dendrite arm spacing by about 66% and 31%, respectively. Also, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of AA2024− 1vol.%TiO_2(np) composite were increased by about 25%, 28%, 4% and 163%, respectively, as compared to those of the monolithic component. The agglomerations of nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposites were found to be a factor weakening the strength against the strengthening mechanisms. Some agglomerations of nanoparticles in the matrix were detected on the fractured surfaces of the tension test specimens.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites

The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compared with those of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites. The results show that the basalt particles are dispersed in the Al matrix and form a strong bonding interface with the Al matrix. SiO₂ at the edge of the basalt particles is continuously replaced by Al₂O₃ formed in the reaction, forming a high-temperature reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, and Al₂O₃ strengthens the bonding interface between basalt particles and Al matrix. The dispersed basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and precipitation of the matrix, and the precipitated phases mainly consist of plate-like η (MgZn₂) phase and bright white band-shaped or ellipsoidal T (Al₂Mg₃Zn₃) phase. The bonding interface, high dislocation density and dispersion strengthening phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites are up to 665 and 699 MPa, which increase by 11.4% and 10.9% respectively compared with 7A04 Al alloy without basalt particles.     

Microstructure and thermal expansion of Ti coated diamond/A1 composites

A titanium coating fabricated via vacuum vapor deposition for diamond/Al composites was used to improve the interfacial bonding strength between diamond particles and Al matrix, and the Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites were prepared by gas pressure infiltration for electronic packaging. The surface structure of the Ti coated diamond particles was investigated by XRD and SEM. The interfacial characteristics and fracture surfaces were observed by SEM and EDS. The coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of 50% (volume fraction) Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites was measured. The Ti coating on diamond before infiltration consists of inner TiC layer and outer TiO₂ layer, and the inner TiC layer is very stable and cannot be removed during infiltration process. Fractographs of the composites illustrate that aluminum matrix fracture is the dominant fracture mechanism, and the stepped breakage of a diamond particle indicates strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix. The measured low CTEs (5.07×10⁻⁶−9.27×10⁻⁶K⁻¹) of the composites also show the strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12 composites reinforced with graphene nanoplates prepared by ultrasonic assisted casting

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12 composites reinforced with graphene nanoplates (GNPs) prepared by high-intensity ultrasonic assisted casting were investigated. The results indicated that high-intensity ultrasound can promote the uniform distribution of GNPs in the melt, resulting in refining the α(Al) phase and Si phase. The optimal addition of GNPs was 0.9 wt.%, and the optimal ultrasonic time was 12 min. The tensile strength, the yield strength and the hardness of the composite produced under the optimal parameters were 256.8 MPa, 210.6 MPa and HV 126.0, respectively, which increased by 30.5%, 42.7%, and 34.8% compared with those of the matrix, respectively. After adding the GNPs, the fracture mechanism gradually turned from a brittle fracture to a ductile fracture. The good interface and distribution allowed GNPs to play the role in fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening and load transfer strengthening effectively.     

Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and functionalized TiO2

Inorganic/polymer nanocomposites are significant materials due to their unique combination of properties. Lactic acid (LA) was used to modify the TiO₂ surface by the Ti-carboxylic coordination bonds, and LA can chemically bond TiO₂ nanoparticles to form functionalized oligomeric-poly(lactic acid)-grafted TiO₂ nanoparticles (g-TiO₂). The resulting g-TiO₂ was added to the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to prepare PLA/TiO₂ nanocomposites via melting processing. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites were subsequently investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, polar optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic rheometer and universal testing machine. The results showed that g-TiO₂ nanocomposites had a much lower degree of agglomeration than bare TiO₂. The introduction of g-TiO₂ into PLA matrix improved the crystallinity of the composites. The functionalized nanoparticles played an important role in improving mechanical properties and reducing the complex viscosity of the nanocomposites due to its unique structure and the reasonable interfacial interaction between the nanoparticles and PLA matrix.     

An Investigation on the Sinterability and the Compaction Behavior of Aluminum/Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

In the present study, the densification response of Al matrix reinforced with different weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was studied. These composites were produced by a wet method followed by a conventional powder metallurgy. The Raman spectrum of graphene indicates that preparation of the composites through the wet mixing method did not affect the disordering and defect density in the GNPs structure. The nanocomposite powder mixture was consolidated via a cold uniaxial compaction. The samples were sintered at different temperatures (540, 580 and 620 °C) under nitrogen flow so as to assess the sinterability of the nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been carried out to check the possible reaction between GNPs and aluminum. According to the XRD patterns, it seems that Al₄C₃ did not form during the fabrication process. The relative density, compressibility, sinterability and Vickers hardness of the nanocomposites were also evaluated. The effects of GNPs on the consolidation behavior of the matrix were studied using the Heckel, Panelli and Ambrosio Filho, and Ge equations. The outcomes show that at early stage of consolidation the rearrangement of particles is dominant, while by increasing the compaction pressure, due to the load partitioning effect of GNPs, the densification rate of the powder mixture decreases. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposites exhibited high Vickers hardness of 67 HV₅, which is approximately 50% higher than monolithic aluminum. The effect of graphene addition on the thermal conductivity of Al/GNPs nanocomposites was evaluated by means of thermal diffusivity measurement, and the results showed that the higher thermal conductivity can be only achieved at lower graphene content.     

Microstructures and interfacial interactions of Al2O3 whiskers and graphene nano-platelets co-reinforced copper matrix composites

The mechanical properties and microstructures of Al₂O₃ whiskers and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) co-reinforced Cu-matrix composites were studied. Cu-matrix composites with a variation of GNPs amount were fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by vacuum hot-pressing sintering and hot isostatic pressing. The Cu-matrix composite with 0.5 wt.% GNPs (GNPs-0.5) suggests a good interfacial bonding of both Cu/C and Cu/Al₂O₃ interfaces. Both the hardness and compressive strength of Cu-matrix composites show a consistent tendency that firstly increases to a critical value and then decreases with increasing GNPs amount. It is suggested that the most possible strengthening mechanisms of both GNPs and Al₂O₃ whisker working in the Cu-matrix composites involve energy dissipating and load transfer, as well as grain refinements for GNPs. The synergetic effect of GNPs and Al₂O₃ whiskers is highlighted that the embedded GNPs would hinder the crack path generated at the Al₂O₃/Cu interface and enhance the already outstanding strengthening effect that Al₂O₃ whiskers provide.     

Effects of nano-SiCp content on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A356 composites assisted with ultrasonic treatment

nano-SiC_p/A356 composites with different nano-SiC_p contents were prepared by squeeze casting after ultrasonic treatment (UT). The effects of SiC_p content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The results show that with the addition of nano-SiC_p, the microstructure of nanocomposites is obviously refined, the morphology of the α(Al) grains transforms from coarse dendrites to rosette crystals, and long acicular eutectic Si phases are shortened and rounded. The mechanical properties of 0.5%, 1% and 2% (mass fraction) SiC_p/A356 nanocomposites are improved continuously with the increase of nano-SiC_p content. Especially, when the SiC_p content is 2%, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 259 MPa, 144 MPa and 5.3%, which are increased by 19%, 69% and 15%, respectively, compared with those of the matrix alloy. The improvement of strength is attributed to mechanisms of Hall-Petch strengthening and Orowan strengthening.     

Magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by ultrasonic assisted casting

Abstract

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with nano-sized SiC particles (n-SiC_p/AZ91D) were fabricated by high intensity ultrasonic assisted casting. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) methods. The results showed that the dispersion and distribution of n-SiC_p in magnesium alloy melts were significantly improved by ultrasonic processing. Compared to the unreinforced AZ91D matrix, mechanical properties of the nanocomposites including tensile and yield strengths were remarkably improved and the yield strength increased by 117% after gravity permanent mould casting.