热处理对Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb合金超弹性的影响

研究了不同热处理条件下近β钛合金Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb板材的超弹性行为及变形过程。结果表明:合金在固溶及固溶时效后均具有一定的超弹性行为,而相变点以上固溶后合金具有最佳的超弹性,同时应力诱发的马氏体体积分数最多。而固溶处理后时效析出的ω相和细小的α相却阻碍应力诱发马氏体的形成,导致合金弹性和塑性降低。研究还发现,对合金施加适当的预变形能够提高其超弹性。     

应变速率对β固溶Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金应力诱发马氏体相变的影响

研究应变速率对β固溶处理的Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金应力诱发马氏体相变的影响。结果表明,随着应变速率由5×10-4 s-1增加到1 500 s-1,合金都发生应力诱发马氏体转变,且诱发应力随着应变速率的增加而增加。金相形貌及XRD分析显示,在所有的应变率下,合金拉伸后的微观组织均由针片状α″相和β基体相组成。应用热激活界面运动模型及拉伸过程的温度升高解释了随着应变速率的增加,诱发应力增加的现象。     

组织对医用Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb钛合金低周疲劳行为及变形机制的影响

研究了具有2种不同组织（固溶态、时效态）的Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb(TLM)合金在室温应变控制的低周疲劳循环变形行为及微观变形机制。结果表明：TLM合金的循环硬化/软化行为与应变幅和组织密切相关。固溶态合金的低周疲劳寿命更高,且弹性模量均随循环周次和总应变幅的增大,从保持不变到急剧增加,时效态的弹性模量则在循环变形过程中基本保持不变。微观组织特征表明,固溶态合金的循环变形机制主要依赖位错滑移、变形诱发的α″马氏体和独特的“Z”型β孪晶协同作用,而时效态合金则只是以位错滑移为主。     

Ti-39Nb合金变形行为的原位同步辐射X射线衍射研究

本文利用原位同步辐射X射线衍射(SXRD)技术研究了一种亚稳β型Ti-39Nb合金的非线弹性变形行为.结果表明:当外加应力超过60 MPa时,合金开始出现非线弹性变形,此时合金发生应力诱发马氏体相变(SIMT).因此,Ti-39Nb合金的非线弹性变形机制为SIMT.此外,加载过程中产生的马氏体衍射峰只出现在同步辐射衍射...     

应变速率对TiNi形状记忆合金压缩力学行为的影响

考察了中温时效处理后的Ti-50.9%Ni(摩尔分数)合金在实验温度为20℃,不同应变速率下的轴向压缩应力-应变力学行为.实验结果表明:随着应变速率的增加,合金的应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力逐渐增加,相变平台逐步消失,卸载后的残余应变减小,加载-卸载变形曲线的应力(应变)滞后也减小;在较高加载速率下,合金表现出类线性超弹性变形行为,可获得高达4.5%的类线性超弹性.     

生物医用Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb合金的弹性变形行为(英文)

研究了新型医用近β钛合金Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb(质量分数,%)不同组织状态的的弹性变形行为。具有单一β相的固溶态合金表现出典型的双屈服现象,在与应力诱发马氏体相关的第一屈服之前显示出一定程度的非线性弹性变形特征。时效处理后,由拉伸测试所得的合金初始弹性模量的变化与时效析出α相体积含量没有明显的对应关系;然而弹性模量随着β晶粒与α相尺度的减小而增大。提出合金加载过程中,晶格剪切被细小α相有效阻止,这将导致合金较高的静态弹性模量的出现以及非线性弹性特征的减弱。     

51.1Zr-40.2Ti-4.5Al-4.2V合金拉伸变形过程中的组织演变和力学性能研究

主要研究了51.1Zr-40.2Ti-4.5Al-4.2V合金室温拉伸变形过程中的组织演变和力学性能变化。研究表明,室温拉伸变形过程中合金发生从β相到α″相的转变,α″相的体积分数随拉伸速率的增加而减小。应力诱发α″马氏体相变对合金的力学行为有明显的影响。在拉伸速率为0.3 mm/min时,触发应力(TS),极限拉伸强度(UTS),延伸率(EL)和弹性模量(EM)分别为770.06 MPa,1168.60 MPa,14.96%和64 GPa。TS和EM随拉伸速率的增加而增加,而UTS和EL则降低。加工硬化率与真应变的关系曲线呈现出3个不同的阶段,应力诱发α″马氏体相变主要影响加工硬化率曲线的第2阶段。在给定应变条件下,第2阶段的加工硬化率随拉伸速率的增加逐渐降低。拉伸速率为0.3 mm/min时,合金的断口形貌是由大量韧窝以及少量准解理面组成的,合金发生塑性断裂,随着拉伸速率的增加,合金断裂方式由塑性断裂变为脆性断裂。这主要与应力诱发α″马氏体相含量随拉伸速率的增加而降低有关。     

几何缺陷对Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2.5Sn形状记忆合金超弹性能的影响

对Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2.5Sn形状记忆合金试样以及带有几何缺陷(中心圆孔和单边半圆缺口)合金试样的力学性能及超弹性能进行测试,并采用ARAMIS三维变形分析测试系统对单轴加载-卸载过程中试样的全场应变场分布进行实时观察,研究几何缺陷对合金应变场分布、应力诱发马氏体相变和超弹性能的影响。结果表明:在拉伸加载过程中,带几何缺陷的试样在缺陷周围产生了应力集中,导致合金试样在局部具有较高的应变速率和应变量;应力诱发马氏体相变主要受应力场分布的影响,而且主要发生在局部变形带中。因此,与完整试样相比,带几何缺陷的试样表现出较高的诱发马氏体相变的临界应力和较低的超弹性。     

COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR TRANSFORMATION FROM CUBIC PHASE TO TETRAGONAL ORTHORHOMBIC AND MONOCLINIC MARTENSITE Ⅱ. Orthorhombic as Martensite in Ti Alloys

依据作者在文献[1]提出的公式和计算机模拟方法,研究了Ti-Mo,Ti-Nb,Ti-Mo-Si,Ti-V-Al和Ti-6246等10种二元、三元和实用Ti合金的β→α″马氏体相变的晶体学特征。理论计算结果表明;所研究的各种Ti合金的β→α″相变切变量在0.03070—0.09551之间,马氏体亚结构由内孪晶构成,大部分合金的α″马氏体内孪晶比值在1—4之间,部分合金β→α″相变的体积变化小于0.01.从晶体学上说,这些特征与热弹性马氏体相变类似。     

立方相向正方、斜方和单斜马氏体转变的计算机模拟 Ⅱ.具有斜方结构的钛合金α″马氏体

依据作者在文献[1]提出的公式和计算机模拟方法,研究了Ti-Mo,Ti-Nb,Ti-Mo-Si,Ti-V-Al和Ti-6246等10种二元、三元和实用Ti合金的β→α″马氏体相变的晶体学特征。理论计算结果表明;所研究的各种Ti合金的β→α″相变切变量在0.03070—0.09551之间,马氏体亚结构由内孪晶构成,大部分合金的α″马氏体内孪晶比值在1—4之间,部分合金β→α″相变的体积变化小于0.01.从晶体学上说,这些特征与热弹性马氏体相变类似。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis