镍基合金涡轮叶片热障涂层研究进展

热障涂层技术是提升航空发动机性能的关键因素之一,随着航空发动机技术的发展,对热障涂层也提出了更高的要求。为适应镍基合金涡轮叶片热胀涂层的使用要求,热胀涂层的陶瓷面层发展出（YSZ+A₂B₂O₇）结构涂层。热障涂层陶瓷面层常用的制备方法包括等离子喷涂技术和电子束物理气相沉积技术,金属粘结层常用的制备方法包括真空电弧镀技术和化学气相沉积技术。热障涂层低膨胀系数金属粘结层技术、热障涂层修复技术、新一代热障涂层材料、建立科学的热障涂层性能评价体系等是未来热障涂层的主要发展方向。     

用磁控溅射法制备热障涂层的研究进展

介绍磁控溅射制备热障涂层的组织结构和性能,分析影响磁控溅射热障涂层质量的因素,并探讨涂层失效和溅射多元复合热障涂层方面的问题,指出今后的发展方向,如新溅射工艺、新材料和新的涂层设计等.     

热障涂层研究进展

综述了热障涂层的设计思想和工作原理、部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷面层成分的选择、热障涂层制备方法及ＡＰＳ和ＥＢ－ＰＶＤ制备热障涂层的典型结构,分析热障涂层高温氧化等引起涂层破坏的因素。     

提高等离子喷涂热障涂层隔热性能的方法

为进一步提高等离子喷涂热障涂层的隔热性能,对陶瓷材料的导热理论及热障涂层的热导率进行了研究.提出了包括寻求新型热障涂层陶瓷材料、添加掺杂剂、制备纳米涂层及双陶瓷层热障涂层等能够改善等离子喷涂涂层隔热性能的方法;并指出,采用等离子喷涂技术制备带颜色的稀土锆酸盐纳米双陶瓷层热障涂层,将会进一步改善热障涂层的隔热性能.     

高温防护涂层研究进展

简要介绍了高温防护涂层的发展进程,特别关注航空航天领域中几种常用的高温涂层,包括扩散涂层、MCrAlY包覆涂层和热障涂层;介绍了新概念涂层和玻璃基复合涂层等特色高温防护涂层;综述了国内外关于包括抗氧化或耐腐蚀涂层、热障涂层和扩散阻挡层等高温涂层的最新研究进展;还讨论了高温涂层未来的发展。     

自修复热障涂层与激光制备方法研究现状

热障涂层是涡轮发动机制造的关键技术之一,在航空及能源动力领域有着十分重要的作用。经过半个世纪的研发,热障涂层技术已经取得了可喜的进展,但是仍然不能满足燃气涡轮发动机向大推力、高效率、低油耗和长寿命方向发展的要求。本文在介绍热障涂层技术发展历程与失效机理的基础上,阐述了自修复热障涂层的工作机理和研究现状,并分析了激光制备热障涂层研究成果,预测了热障涂层激光制备的技术前景。     

陶瓷热障涂层技术及其在大功率柴油机上的应用

等离子喷涂陶瓷热障涂层是近年来极为引人注目的研究领域。本文介绍了热障喷涂层的材料、涂层结构和涂层的工艺技术，阐述了涂层的技术性能和损毁机理。本文报告了热障涂层在大功率柴油机上的应用研究进展和经过三千多小时在机车柴油机上运行试验的结果，并就今后进一步的发展提出了意见。     

声发射技术在热障涂层失效机理中的研究进展及展望

热障涂层（TBCs）具有优异的高温抗氧化、高温力学和抗热腐蚀性能而备受关注,广泛应用于航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件中。热障涂层服役环境的恶劣和涂层体系结构的复杂,极易导致涂层发生界面分层或剥落失效,因此通过对热障涂层的裂纹萌生和扩展问题进行实时监测,对于失效机理研究显得尤为重要。简述光激发荧光压电光谱（PLPS）、红外热成像（IRT）、阻抗谱（IS）的原理及其在热障涂层失效行为研究中的应用,重点介绍声发射技术在热障涂层失效机理方面的研究成果。基于声发射的热障涂层失效过程的信号分析和深度处理,结合声发射技术在热障涂层中的参数分析和波形分析,对热障涂层失效过程及失效形态进行模式识别,通过损伤程度的定量评估来进行热障涂层的寿命预测。对声发射技术在热障涂层失效预测及寿命评估指明了方向,并创新性地对未来声发射技术在热障涂层的疲劳损伤方面研究趋势提出展望。     

玻璃-陶瓷基粘接层热障涂层体系的热学性能（英文）

研究了8YSZ/BaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃-陶瓷/Ni基合金热障涂层体系的热学性能。在相同条件下,热障涂层体系的热扩散系数和导热系数均比基底和只有玻璃-陶瓷涂层时的小。热障涂层体系的比热容、热扩散系数和导热系数随着温度的增加而增大,而导热系数随表层涂层厚度的增加而减小。     

等离子喷涂ZrO2热障涂层热冲击破坏研究

对比研究了等离子喷涂ZrO2梯度热障涂层及传统的双层结构热障涂层,选择NiCoCrAlTaY合金粉末作为热障涂层的粘结底层材料、7％Y2O3-ZrO2作为热障涂层的面层材料、不同比例的NiCoCrAlTaY与7％Y2O3-ZrO2(YPZ)复合粉末作为梯度过渡层材料,然后进行热冲击试验、金相分析及扫描电子显微镜形貌分析,结果表明梯度热障涂层热冲击寿命明显高于传统的双层结构热障涂层。     

基于内聚力单元与XFEM的热障涂层失效分析

为了更好的理解热障涂层的失效机理,文中运用ABAQUS有限元软件来分析热障涂层的失效情况,使用内聚力单元和扩展有限元（XFEM）两种方法研究热障涂层TGO界面开裂与陶瓷涂层（TC）和氧化层（TGO）内随机裂纹的萌生与扩展,研究竖直裂纹与水平裂纹的关系.结果表明,热障涂层TGO界面的开裂首先出现在TGO/TBC波谷处.陶瓷涂层和氧化层内随机裂纹的萌生同样发生在TGO/TBC波谷处.竖直裂纹的存在可以抑制水平裂纹的萌生与扩展,且其在TGO/TBC波谷处的扩展长度比在TGO/TBC波峰处的扩展长度更长,说明TGO/TBC波谷区域是个危险区域,在此区域容易引发裂纹的萌生与扩展.     

Microstructural features and properties of plasma sprayed YPSZ/NiCrAlY thermal barrier coating (TBC)

0　IntroductionThermalbarriercoatings(TBCs)arewidelyusedontheturbinebladesforaircraftpropulsionorpowergenerationtoreducethemetallicsubstratetemperature,whichleadstoincreasingengineefficiencyandloweringpollutantemissionsresultingfromallowableincreaseofoperationtemperature[1,2].Today,TBCsareattractingmoreattentionandhavewiderpotentialapplicationstoprotecthightemperaturecomponents.However,thermalbarriercoatingshaveatendencytocrackandspallinserviceduetothermalshockandthermalcyclingbetweenambient…     

Multilayered thermal barrier coating for land-based gas turbines

Multilayered thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with different functions were proposed for the hot section components of land-based gas turbines. This article describes a multilayered TBC with an oxidation resistant layer. A conventional duplex TBC and a triplex TBC, in which an aluminized layer was added to the conventional duplex TBC to increase oxidation resistance, were prepared. It was confirmed by a burner rig test that the triplex TBC with the aluminized layer is resistant to oxidation and shows high durability in a thermal cycle test, compared with the conventional duplex TBC. The spalling in the thermal cycle test of each TBC specimen occurred at the same position, when the thickness of the oxidation layer was 11 to 13 μm. The mechanism of spalling of the coating in the thermal cycle test was discussed in terms of stress in the coating. Stress in the direction of spalling occurred by an uneven interface between the bond and top coat and increased with growth of the oxidation layer. It is thought that the high durability of the triplex TBC in the thermal cycle test is derived from suppressing the growth of the oxidation layer and decreasing the stress due to the addition of the aluminized layer.     

温度梯度热循环下纳米7YSZ陶瓷层结构演变

目的采用低温超音速等离子喷涂(LT-HVOF)在镍基高温合金基体(K417)上制备了NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层,使用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在粘结层上制备了纳米7%Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(7YSZ)陶瓷涂层,以获得温度梯度热循环下纳米陶瓷层的结构演变机制。方法通过燃气热冲击实验仪对热障涂层模拟真实服役条件下温度梯度热循环的工作环境,采用一维稳态热传导模型计算了热障涂层中各涂层界面的温度,探讨了在热驱动作用下等径晶粒和非等径晶粒的扩散长大机制。结果热循环次数为40次时,涂层近表面出现了烧结致密化现象,而陶瓷层底部涂层保持原来的结构。热循环次数增加到460次时,整个陶瓷层断面都发生了烧结致密化现象。结论温度是涂层烧结致密化的主导因素。涂层中当等大晶粒接触形成弯曲颈时,由于弯曲颈只受水平方向静压力作用,晶粒中原子扩散速率慢,导致晶粒长大速率较慢;而当非等大晶粒接触形成弯曲颈时,在晶粒接触弯曲颈处存在一偏大晶粒方向的剪切力,其导致晶粒向弯曲颈扩散速率增加,晶粒长大速率较快。     

三种热障涂层的组织性能

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了三种不同材料的热障涂层(TBC),对涂层进行了组织性能的分析比较.结果表明,Al-1075的TBC结合强度最高,为 24.66 MPa,具有良好的抗热震性能;KF-230的TBC结合强度最低,为 16.06 MPa;LG-210的TBC结合强度居中,抗热震性能最差.分析认为,氧化物层(TGO)在热障涂层中的失效起至关重要的作用,TGO是裂纹的产生源,是裂纹扩展的通道,是热障涂层系统中的最薄弱环节.因此抑制TGO是提高涂层结合强度、改善涂层抗热震性能的重要措施.     

Thermal shock testing of thermal barrier coating/bondcoat systems

Various methods of thermal shock testing are used by aircraft and industrial gas turbine engine (IGT) manufacturers to characterize new thermal barrier coating systems in the development stage as well as for quality control. The cyclic furnace oxidation test (FCT), widely used in aircraft applications, stresses the ceramic/bondcoat interface, predominantly through thermally grown oxide (TGO) growth stress. The jet engine thermal shock (JETS) test, derived from a burner rig test, creates a large thermal gradient across the thermal barrier coating (TBC), as well as thermomechanical stress at the interface. For IGT applications with long high-temperature exposure times, a combination of isothermal preoxidation and thermal shock testing in a fluidized bed reactor may better represent the actual engine conditions while both types of stress are present. A comparative evaluation of FCT, JETS, and a combined isothermal oxidation and fluidized bed thermal shock test has been conducted for selected ceramic/bondcoat systems. The results and the failure mechanisms as they relate to the TBC system are discussed. A recommendation on the test method of choice providing best discrimination between the thermal shock resistance of the ceramic layer, the ceramic/bondcoat interface, and even substrate related effects, is given. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appeared on pp. 520–29.     

New material concepts for the next generation of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

In application as a thermal barrier coating (TBC), partially stabilized zirconia (Zr) approaches some limits of performance. To further enhance the efficiency of gas turbines, higher temperature capability and a longer lifetime of the coating are needed for the next generation of TBCs. This paper presents the development of new materials and concepts for application as TBC. Materials whose compositions have the pyrochlore structure or doped Zr are presented in contrast with new concepts like nanolayers between the top and bond coat, metal-glass composites, and double-layer structures. In the last concept, the new compositions are used in a combination with Zr, as a double, multi, or graded layer coating. In this case, the benefits of Zr will be combined with the promising properties of the new top coating. In the case of metal-glass composites, the paper will be focused on the influences of different plasma spraying processes on the microstructure. The performance of all these different coating systems has been evaluated by burner rig tests. The results will be presented and discussed.     

等离子喷涂耐磨涂层及热障涂层的新进展

综述了等离子喷少技术在耐磨损涂层及热障涂层方面的研究进展,分析了等离子喷涂技术与新设备,新工艺融合后两种涂所展现出的更为优越的性能;最后指出了两种涂层的发展趋势。     

Strain analysis of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings under mechanical stress

The stiffness of air plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was determined from bending experiments combining strain analysis on a microstructural level with macroscopic mechanical parameters. Tests were performed with freestanding and attached TBCs, the latter either loaded in tension or in compression. Relationships are derived, which describe the TBC stiffness in a multilayer composite (attached TBC) and for a bimodular material that possess a lower stiffness in tension than in compression (stand-alone TBC). The increase of in-plane stiffness with increasing compressive stress emphasizes the importance of the spraying defects for the elastic response of the coating.     

热障涂层高温抗氧化性能研究的现状与发展

从热障涂层(TBCs)的制备方式,长期高温氧化环境中服役的失效机制及高温抗热氧化性能的改善等方面,综述了近年来热障涂层(TBCs)中存在的热氧化生长(TGO)导致涂层失效及改善高温抗氧化性能研究的热点问题,并提出了作者的一些观点.