Grain refinement of W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys by tantalum element adding

90W-TNi-3Fe and (90-x)W-xTa-7Ni-3Fe (x= 1,3,5,7,10) specimens were attained by liquid phase sintering. A model describing the process of liquid forming and spreading was proposed to point out the differences between alloys doped with tantalum and traditional tungsten heavy alloys. Tantalum priority of entering matrix and a relative high solubility in liquid matrix depress tungsten solubility in liquid matrix, which decreases kinetic rate constant K and consequently results in the reduction of W grain size. The grain refinement is influenced by Ta content and becomes more obvious when Ta content is over 5%. The sample with less than 3%Ta has dominant W and matrix phases. While besides W and matrix phases, intermetallic phases emerge in 85W-5Tai-TNi-3Fe sample. Ta is superfluous and forms a new tantalum phase when more than 7% Ta is added into alloys.     

电解生产低钛铝合金的晶粒细化及衰退行为

选用Ti质量分数为0．1％～0．3％的电解低钛铝合金，分别研究了钛对合金晶粒的细化效果和熔体保温时间对晶粒细化的衰退行为的影响，并与相应含钛量熔配低钛铝合金进行了对比。结果表明，随着Ti含量的增加，两种加钛方式的低钛铝合金样品晶粒得到明显的细化。随着保温时间的延长，所有合金的晶粒尺寸均不同程度发生了粗化，Ti对晶粒的细化效果明显发生了衰退。电解加钛铝合金晶粒细化效果的抗衰退能力优于熔配加钛铝合金，这种趋势对Ti的质量分数为0．1％～0．2％的合金特别明显。     

Grain refinement in a cast high Nb containing TiAl alloy by heat treatment

The grain refmement of an as-cast Ti-46Al-8.5Nb-0.2W (atom fraction in %) alloy by the cyclic heat treatments was studied. The heat treatment scheme included a tempering at 1250℃ and cyclic tempering at 1000 and 1200℃ three times after solution treatment at the temperature above α phase transus followed by immediate fan cooling. The fine and homogeneous near-γ microstructure can be obtained by this heat treatment, which causes the breakdown of as-cast microstructure and prevents the anomalous growing of originalγ phase.     

Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared with ELTA by Al-4B master alloy

Electrolytic low-titanium aluminum （ELTA） was produced by adding TiO2 powder to an industrial aluminum electrolyzer. The grain refining effect of Al-4B master alloy in the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared by using ELTA was investigated, and compared with those of Al-STi, Al-STi-IB and Al-4B master alloys in the similar alloy prepared by using pure Al. The results indicate that when Al-4B is added to the melt of the alloy prepared by using ELTA in terms of the Ti/B mass ratio of S：l, the grain refining effect is better than those ofAl-STi, Al-STi-IB and Al-4B master alloys. Thus, using Al-4B to refine the grain of Al-Si alloys prepared by using ELTA will possibly become a feasible way of obtaining Al-Si alloy with homogeneous and fine microstructure.     

Solidification microstructures and mechanism of grain refinement of electrolytic low titanium A1 alloys

The solidification microstructures and the mechanism of grain refinement of electrolytic low titanium Al alloys were investigated by means of the wedge-shaped sample, the directional solidification and the rapid solidification ribbon. The results show that the coarse columnar grains formed in pure Al are transformed into the equiaxed grains in electrolytic low titanium Al alloys. The grain refinement is resulted from the constitutional supercooling caused by Ti and heterogeneous nucleation of Al3Ti particles. Under the condition of normal cooling rate, the grains are refined by the increment of constitutional supercooling when the content of titanium is less than 0.2%. With the increment of content of titanium, the grains are mainly refined by heterogeneous nucleation of AI3Ti particles. The grain size is decreased with the increment of cooling rate. When the cooling rate is larger than 10^5 ℃/s, the grain size is decreased to 0.1-10μm, the grain refinement is resulted from the larger cooling velocities mainly. After directional solidification, the equiaxed grains can be formed and the Ti element is distributed at the center of the grains.     

电解加钛与熔配加钛对工业纯铝晶粒细化的作用

对比研究了电解加钛,以Al-Ti和Al-Ti-B中间合金方式向工业纯铝熔配加钛以及向电解低钛铝合金中再熔配加Al-B中间合金的细化效果.结果表明,不同加钛方式对纯铝都有较强的细化作用; 在钛含量相同的条件下,电解加钛的晶粒细化能力明显高于熔配加Al-Ti中间合金的; 钛含量较低时,熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金的细化效果略好于电解加钛的,钛含量较高时,二者的细化能力相当.向电解生产的低钛铝合金中再熔配加入Al-B中间合金,可明显改善晶粒细化效果,尤其在较低的钛含量时表现得非常明显.     

电解生产低钛铝合金晶粒细化及衰退行为

选用含钛量为0．1％～0．3％的电解低钛铝合金，分别研究了钛对合金晶粒的细化效果和熔体保温时间对晶粒细化的衰退行为的影响，并与利用熔配加钛方法制得的相应含钛量的低钛铝合金进行了对比。结果表明，随着Ti含量的增加，两种加钛方式获得的低钛铝合金晶粒得到明显细化，晶粒尺寸随Ti含量的变化趋势相同。随着保温时间的延长，所有合金的晶粒尺寸均不同程度发生了粗化，Ti对晶粒的细化效果明显发生了衰退。电解加Ti的合金晶粒细化效果的抗衰退能力优于熔配加Ti的合金，这种趋势对含Ti量为0．1％～0．2％的合金特别明显。     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.     

Grain refinement and mechanism of CAl_（0.5）W_（0.5） compound in Mg-Al alloys

The effect of CAl0.5W0.5(CAW) compound on the grain refinement of Mg-Al based alloys was investigated.The results show that CAW compound is an effective and active grain refiner.The grain size of binary Mg-Al alloys is more than 500 μm,and it is changed to about 110 μm with a 1 wt.% CAW addition.The hardness increased with the decease of grain size monotonously.The mechanical properties are improved by the addition.The fine grain size is mainly ascribed to the dispersed Al2CO particles,which are very potent nucleating substrates for Mg-Al alloys.The nucleation cores formed by chemical reaction directly are well-distributed in the matrix.     

电解生产铝钛合金研究与实践

介绍了在铝电解槽中加入含钛氧化钛直接电解生产铝钍合金的工业实践，通过调整电解工艺技术条件．使电解生产过程受到的影响降到最低程度，电解生产的铝钛合金应用于内燃机活塞与汽车轮毂,完全满足活塞与轮艇机械性能的要求。同时大幅度降低了铝钛合金制造成本。经济效益显著。并具有推广价值。     

Grain refinement of Mg-Al binary alloys inoculated by in-situ oxidation

Utilizing oxide inclusion to induce heterogeneous nucleation event is an available method to achieve grain refinement. In this study, Mg-Al binary alloys were refined by inoculation of in-situ oxidation process. Results show that MgO and MgAl₂O₄ phases are primary oxide products for Mg-xAl alloys inoculated by in-situ oxidation. For pure Mg and Mg-1Al alloy, MgO is the only oxide product. MgAl₂O₄ is another oxide product for Mg-xAl alloy as Al content increases to 3 wt.%. For Mg-3Al alloy, average grain size significantly decreases from 1135 to 237 μm, with a high grain refining ratio of 79.1%. Both MgO and MgAl₂O₄ possess nucleating potency for α-Mg grain. MgAl₂O₄ exhibits a higher nucleating potency due to the lower misfit with α-Mg. The grain refinement of Mg-xAl alloys inoculated by in-situ oxidation process is attributed to heterogeneous nucleation events of α-Mg grains on MgO or MgAl₂O₄ particles.     

低钛铝合金的电解生产与晶粒细化

在电解低钛铝合金的工业化生产试验中，研究和对比了电解加钛和熔配加钛低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为。结果发现：电解质中添加少量TiO2对电解槽铝产量和电流效率影响较小，二者分别维持在1200kg和92％左右，钛的吸收率在95％以上所生产的合金钛含量稳定，晶粒细化效果明显，晶粒尺寸随钛含量的变化趋势与熔配加钛合金相同；钛含量在0．1％～0．2％范围内时，电解加Ti合金晶粒细化效果的抗退化能力比熔配加Ti合金的强。     

电解加钛铝合金的晶粒细化及其制备铝-硅合金的组织和性能

研究了电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,与AlTi和AlTiB细化剂对纯铝的晶粒细化效果进行了比较;对用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金和由纯铝制备并用AlTi或AlTiB细化处理的A356合金的组织与性能进行了对比研究;进行了利用工业铝电解槽生产的电解低钛铝合金熔体直接生产A356合金的工业试验。结果表明：电解加钛具有显著的晶粒细化作用,其细化能力与AlTiB的相当,明显优于AlTi中间合金的。在试验室条件下,用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金与纯铝制备并用中间合金细化处理的A356合金的拉伸性能相当;将电解低钛铝合金熔体直接用于铝．硅合金的生产是可行的,并具有节约能源,细化处理工艺简单,产品质量良好的特点。     

Grain refinement of primary silicon in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by different P-containing compounds

The grain refinement behavior of Si-3 P,Si-25 Mn-10 P,and Al-10 Si-2 Fe-3 P master alloys on hypereutectic Al-24 Si alloy was studied.Microstructure analysis indicates that the P-containing compounds in the three master alloys are Si P,Mn P,and Al P,respectively.The coarse flower-like primary silicon in the Al-24 Si alloy transforms into smaller,well-distributed blocks with the addition of various master alloys.When pouring at 840°C,the average grain size of the primary silicon refined by Si-25 Mn-10 P master alloy with a holding time of 30 min is about 18μm,which is significantly smaller than those refined by Si-3 P and Al-10 Si-2 Fe-3 P master alloys.The grain size shows an increasing trend when the holding time is further prolonged.Higher holding temperature has a positive effect on the grain refinement of Si-25 Mn-10 P master alloy.The grain refinement mechanism of the three master alloys was also discussed.     

镁合金低压脉冲磁场晶粒细化

提出一种低压脉冲磁场合金晶粒细化技术,分析常规铸造和半连续铸造条件下,低压脉冲磁场对镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:脉冲磁场对AZ31、AZ91D、AZ80、AM60、AS31和Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金均有显著的细化效果。施加脉冲磁场后,初生α-Mg形态发生明显球化,由粗大、发达的枝晶变为细小的蔷薇状,且溶质偏析显著降低。采用商用ANSYS软件分析了电磁力、流场以及焦耳热对熔体的影响规律,从形核和生长角度分析了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒细化机制,依据界面稳定性理论提出了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒球化模型。     

电解掺钛对纯铝晶粒细化作用效果的分析

向铝电解槽添加一定量的二氧化钛可使生产的铝锭中含有少量的钛。分析了用这种掺钛方式生产的低钛铝合金的微观组织，对比研究了电解掺钛与通过铝钛中间合金掺钛的晶粒化效果。结果表明。电解掺钛具有更优良的晶粒细化作用。随着电解掺钛量的增加，晶粒尺寸下降。电解掺钛量在0．20％～0．30％之问既可得到满意的细化效果。还分析了电解掺钛的晶粒细化作用的机理，对电解掺钛新工艺的可用性进行了评价。     

Mg对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mg对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响,分析了Mg影响两种中间合金细化铝晶粒行为的机制。结果表明,在w(Mg)=1%～7%的范围内,镁含量的增加,对两种中间合金细化铝晶粒的促进作用不显著,但对晶粒形貌有显著的影响;晶粒形貌取决于所用中间合金的种类和Mg添加量大小,相同镁含量时,用Al-5Ti-1B细化比用Al-5Ti-0.2C细化后晶粒的树枝化程度小;细化所用的中间合金相同时,随着镁含量的增加,细化晶粒的树枝化程度增大。     

Mn对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mn元素对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种铝用中间合金晶粒细化效果的影响,分析了Mn元素影响两种中间合金晶粒细化效果的机制。结果表明,总体来讲,Mn对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C的晶粒细化效果有不同程度的破坏作用。微量Mn元素不会影响铝熔体中形核基底的活性,Mn元素加入铝熔体后的生长限制因子很小,不能有效阻止小尺寸晶粒的长大和相互融合,添加Mn元素所导致的熔体过热对晶粒细化的破坏作用占主导地位,最终导致中间合金的晶粒细化效果被削弱。