基于频率—相位编码信号激励的焊缝超声检测分析

焊接结构在工业领域的应用十分广泛,常应用于复杂结构中,对焊接质量要求较高,需要高时间分辨率的超声检测方法检测焊缝内部缺陷.为了提高检测结果的时间分辨率,将雷达领域的编码激励与脉冲压缩技术引入焊缝检测中,提出一种基于幅度加权频率调制的相位编码激励检测方法,该方法的激励信号为幅度加权的线性调频信号与巴克码信号的复合.结果表明,相同带宽下,与线性调频信号和巴克码激励的检测结果相比,所提出的激励方法检测结果的时间分辨率较高,同时,有效降低了调频带宽对检测结果的影响.     

直线时栅位移传感器正交激励信号源设计

时栅激励信号质量直接影响时栅磁场运动匀速性,进而决定时栅位移测量精度,因而研究高精度时栅激励信号源对于提高时栅传感器测量精度具有重要意义。针对直线时栅传感器对正交激励信号高质量的要求,采用直接频率合成技术设计满足要求的正交激励信号源。并且设计了一种有源带通滤波器用来消除干扰,提高信号质量。设计的正交激励信号具有幅值和频率可任意调节,并且具有精度较高,设计简单方便的特点。通过FPGA芯片将时栅传感器激励信号源与信号处理电路的一体化设计,最大限度地缩小时栅信号处理电路体积,并提高工作可靠性。仿真和实验结果证明了设计的有效性。这种设计方法可广泛应用于许多需要高质量激励信号的应用场合。     

钢板缺陷的脉冲漏磁检测系统设计及试验

基于脉冲漏磁检测技术检测钢板缺陷,实现钢板表面和背面缺陷的区分。利用设计的钢板脉冲漏磁检测系统,提取了钢板表面和背面缺陷的信号,分析在脉冲信号激励下的缺陷漏磁信号特征。根据信号电压峰值和电压谷值同步曲线区分缺陷,编写了基于Labview的检测程序,实现了钢板表面和背面缺陷检测和区分。在实验室条件下,通过设计的脉冲漏磁检测系统,对刻有矩形槽的钢板进行了检测。试验结果表明,基于脉冲漏磁检测技术,利用电压信号峰值和谷值同步采样曲线,可对钢板表面和背面缺陷进行检测和区分。     

任意激励波形的涡流检测系统设计

为适应当前涡流检测的发展，设计了可激励任意波形的涡流检测系统。采用基于大容量同步动态随机存储器（SDRAM）任意波形表的直接数字合成技术，由CPU根据检测需求生成任意波形幅值表，存储到SDRAM中，现场可编程门阵列器件（FPGA）将波形数据输出到D／A转换器，经滤波、放大后驱动涡流探头。该方法较好地解决了由于受资源限制而在使用直接数字合成输出波形时所进行的各种复杂计算。试验结果表明，任意激励波形的涡流检测系统性能稳定、使用灵活，可以满足高性能涡流检测的需求。     

铸铝合金构件R角涡流检测试验研究

针对飞机机体结构R角区域检测难问题,设计研发了铸铝合金R角涡流检测探头,结合R角实际检测工况,提出采用硅钢作为涡流探头的屏蔽层,可有效屏蔽金属对检测信号的影响;进行了检测工艺参数优化试验,确定了最佳的检测频率,以实现对飞机机体结构R角区域裂纹的快速可靠检测。试验结果表明:在激励频率为400 k Hz时,检测信号幅值达到最大,研制的屏蔽涡流探头可有效检出裂纹参数为5.00 mm×0.13 mm×0.20 mm(长×宽×深)的人工缺陷,且能够对缺陷进行精准定位,为飞机铸铝合金R角裂纹的定量检测提供依据。     

管材涡流探伤最佳频率数值模拟与试验验证

目前广泛采用的确定涡流探伤频率的方法主要是特征频率法和试验法,两种方法得出的频率通常不是最佳频率。采用ANSYS数值计算方法对人工标准缺陷的信号进行数值模拟,从而找出对内外壁缺陷信号的幅度都比较大,并且内外壁缺陷信号的相位差接近极大的激励频率。经过试验验证,计算结果与试验结果完全符合。结论认为,用ANSYS信号模拟方法可以找出最佳的激励频率,既能兼顾内外壁缺陷的检测灵敏度,又能从相位上区分内外壁缺陷的激励频率。     

交流电磁场检测技术的探头激励装置优化设计

利用交流电磁场检测试验台对交流电磁场检测设备的探头激励装置进行优化设计。选取U形磁芯结构的激励方式,对比分析磁芯材料、磁芯结构、激励线圈结构、激励电压等因素对检测效果的影响,完成激励装置的优化设计。使用设计的激励装置对4种尺寸的典型缺陷进行检测,验证了激励装置的检测效果,使裂纹检测的分辨率达到了3mm。     

脉冲涡流检测信号的同步采样方法

为了有效利用脉冲涡流信号的低频成分检测钢板内部裂纹缺陷,提出了脉冲涡流同步采样方法。介绍了该方法的工作原理;采用在钢板上加工不同规格矩形槽的方法模拟钢板的裂纹缺陷;设计了由激励线圈和检测线圈构成的传感器,实现脉冲涡流信号的提取;采用数据采集卡采集信号,以Labview为平台,实现同步采样方法的软件设计。对钢板缺陷的检测和试验数据的分析,证明了脉冲涡流同步采样方法在钢板内部裂纹缺陷检测中具有较高的灵敏度,可以有效识别钢板内部裂纹缺陷。     

基于LabVIEW的脉冲涡流检测系统

脉冲涡流检测技术采用频谱丰富的脉冲作为激励信号,响应信号中包含多个频率的分量,从而增强了脉冲涡流检测的抗干扰能力,增加了检测的深度。采用虚拟仪器技术,研制了一套基于LabVIEW的脉冲涡流检测系统。系统由脉冲涡流检测硬件电路、上位计算机、数据采集卡以及相关软件组成。重点介绍了硬件电路中的激励源、前置滤波和传感器模块的设计。通过对标准试样进行检测试验,表明该系统具备良好的检测性能。     

巴克豪森应力检测中激励方式的影响

巴克豪森效应是电磁方式检测材料微观结构和应力的基础。通过试验方法分析不同激励频率、激励电压和激励波形下巴克豪森噪声信号的时域、频域特征,研究激励信号参数对材料应力检测的巴克豪森信号特征值的影响,并探究现象的微观解释。     

电磁超声检测中激磁场的有限元模拟

电磁超声检测是一种新的无损检测技术,激磁场是影响电磁超声检测灵敏度的重要环节。文章介绍了利用有限元技术计算电磁超声激磁场的方法,分析和探讨了电磁超声检测中经常用到的几种激磁场的分布和特点。     

数控机床激振方法的试验研究

常规激振手段难以用于中大型数控机床的结构振动测试。根据该类机床的特点,提出一种由机床运动产生激振力的结构振动试验方法。针对运动激振力不可测的问题,利用机床结构上的振动响应研究激振力作用效果。通过测试不同参数作用下的振动响应,确定影响激振效果的主要因素。激振出的峰值频率与实验模态分析结果的对比进一步验证了所提出方法的有效性。该方法无需外加激振设备,适合于数控机床,尤其是大型、重型数控机床的现场测试分析。     

基于频谱分析的涡流探头工作频率确定方法及检测系统研究

涡流检测对某一被测量的检测灵敏度很大程度上依赖于试验频率。文章提出了一种基于频谱分析的涡流探头最佳试验频率获取方法,设计了数字化涡流阻抗检测系统。在该系统中,激励信号具备扫频输出和单频输出功能,探头检测信号拾取后数字化分解为实部和虚部。借助该系统,可方便、快捷、实时地获取每一探头的阻抗频谱,根据实际需要分析获得最佳试验频率。     

Pulsed eddy current testing of ferromagnetic specimen based on variable pulse width excitation

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) is a rapidly developing technology which has wide potential applications. For the PECT system which uses detection coils, a no-reference-needed and more efficient method, for quantifying the wall thickness of the ferromagnetic specimen, should be found. In this paper, a kind of variable pulse width excitation is proposed. Based on the excitation, the slope that the relative increment of magnetic flux linear decays with the increase of pulse width in the semi-logarithmic domain is found to be an effective and no-reference-needed feature. First, the analytical expression for the relative increment of magnetic flux is presented, and the validity of the feature is verified by experiments. Then the potential factors affecting the feature are investigated in detail. Results show that when the electromagnetic properties of the specimen are invariant, the feature is independent of pulse width parameters, analysis interval and coatings thickness. At last, a quantitative method is demonstrated. More time could be saved for the narrow pulse comparing it with the existing excitations, and the feature could widely meet engineering applications.     

机床-刀具-工件系统相对激振方法研究

立式铣床的振动模态,尤其是机床-刀具-工件系统的动态特性直接影响工件质量和加工稳定性。当前,主要通过分析激励刀具和工作台的方法获取刀具和工件系统的频响函数,并通过叠加法计算机床-刀具-工件系统的相对频响函数。该方法能够得到足够精度的幅值谱,但难于实现高精度的相位差。为解决这一问题,提出了一种相对激振方法,该方法可以直接得到高精度的机床-刀具-工件系统的相对频响函数,并对机床-刀具-工件系统的动态特性进行分析。结果表明:机床刀尖频响函数与对应的机床相对动柔度在整体上是一致的;在直接和交叉频响函数G_(xx)和G_(yx)的高频阶段,以及直接与交叉频响函数G_(xy)和G_(yy)的低频阶段差别较大。     

超声激励封孔对等离子喷涂Al2O3—13％TiO2涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响

对于等离子喷涂Al2O3—13％TiO2陶瓷涂层,以有机硅透明树脂为封闭剂,分别采用常规浸渍封孔和超声波激励封孔方法在不同温度下进行封孔处理;采用10％HCl溶液浸泡试验和电化学腐蚀试验比较了封孔前后涂层的耐腐蚀性;应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对腐蚀形貌及产物进行检测和分析。结果显示,封孔处理有效地降低了涂层孔隙率...     

Field trials for dynamic characteristics of railway track and its components using impact excitation technique

Assessment of condition of railway track is crucial for track design, repair, and effective maintenance operations. In-field dynamic testing in combination with track modelling represents an efficient strategy for identification of the current condition of railway track structure and its components. Field investigations for the dynamic characteristics of a railway track and its components were carried out and are presented in this paper. A non-destructive technique using impact excitation, so-called ‘modal testing’, was utilized in these trials. Integrated approach combining field measurements, experimental modal analysis, and finite element modelling to evaluate the dynamic parameters of the in situ railway track components are appended. A ballasted railway track site in Central Queensland managed by Queensland Rail (QR) was selected to perform the field tests. Six sleeper-fastening-rail assemblies were selected for dynamic testing. The frequency response functions (FRFs) were recorded by using Bruel & Kjaer PULSE vibration analyser in a frequency domain between 0 and 1600 Hz. The data obtained were best fitted using the least-square technique to determine the dynamic stiffness and damping constants of the tested track components. In addition, the experimentally determined resonance frequencies along with the dynamic properties of the track components can provide an important input for determining the maximum speed and axle load for the future track upgrades. This paper also points out on how to judge the dynamic responses (e.g. FRFs) together with the visual inspection of existing conditions from the field experience. Examples of testing results representing the deficient integrity are additionally highlighted. Based on the results, the impact excitation technique is an efficient method susceptible to the structural integrity of railway track structures.     

NDT of polymer materials using lock-in thermography with water-coupled ultrasonic excitation

We present an NDT method that uses lock-in thermography with ultrasonic heating. The acoustical damping causes the mechanical energy to be converted to thermal energy. In the defective regions the damping is stronger resulting in higher temperature generation. Thus the heating is selective to defects and gives good defect detectability. Because defects also affect the heat conduction, the method gives combined information of the change of the mechanical and thermal properties of the sample due to defects. The ultrasonic excitation is amplitude modulated and the magnitude and the phase of the temperature are measured by infrared camera and software lock-in detection. The applicability of the method was proved with several polymer and composite samples having delaminations, impact damages, voids, and inclusions.     

A method of using turning process excitation to determine dynamic cutting coefficients

Identification of the dynamic cutting force coefficients is an essential work in cutting process modeling. The excitation equipment employed to produce dynamic cutting process is usually sophisticated and may lead to potential error. An alternative method of turning process excitation is proposed to simplify the procedure of cutting dynamics measurement. A cantilever workpiece used in cylindrical turning process has been modeled with a double degree-of-freedom system that supports variable dynamic parameters. The structural dynamics of the equivalent system are analyzed with the theoretical derivation and the finite element simulations. The influence of structural dynamic variation on the chatter frequency is investigated, based on which the self-excited chatter is considered as a method of the turning process excitation. This method is applied in the cutting dynamics tests. The dynamic cutting force coefficients could be measured through a single chattering turning process. Stability analysis is conducted for verification of the measured dynamic cutting coefficients.