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通过试验对SWRH82B盘条拉拔脆断问题进行研究,发现夹杂物是造成脆断的主要原因。用蔡司扫描电子显微镜观测到夹杂物最大尺寸为230.5μm,用能谱分析仪测定出夹杂物各成分含量。结果表明,夹杂物主要为A1₂O₃、CaO和SiO等复合而成的脆性夹杂物,源于内生夹杂物与外生夹杂物。通过控制合适的Ca与S、Ca与A1含量比值,以及钢液中O的含量和渣碱度量,改善夹杂物的性能与尺寸,把夹杂物对SWRH82B的影响降低到最小。     

国内外耐磨钢夹杂物控制水平分析

耐磨钢中夹杂物是影响耐磨钢强度、韧性的重要因素，为了分析国内外耐磨钢中夹杂物的控制水平，对日本和国内两厂的耐磨钢进行夹杂物大小、分布、成分，以及钢基体的硬度进行分析。结果表明，国内A厂通过Ca处理后与日本耐磨钢的夹杂物尺寸接近，但数量密度较大，洁净度略低于日本耐磨钢。对钢中夹杂物成分进行检测：日本耐磨钢中的夹杂物类型主要为CaO、CaO-Al₂O₃、MgO-Al₂O₃、MgO-Al₂O₃-CaO和TiN、Ti(C,N)夹杂；国内A厂通过Ca处理技术，降低了钢中MnS析出量，夹杂物中CaS、CaO含量增加；未经过Ca处理的国内B厂耐磨钢中发现Mn S析出，经过轧制后呈长条状。对各厂的硬度进行分析，日本耐磨钢基体平均硬度为447 HV，且钢基体组织硬度分布均匀，国内A厂和B厂略低于日本耐磨钢，硬度均匀性波动较大，组织控制水平与日本产品尚有差距。     

铝脱氧含硫钢结瘤现象的分析

对某厂铝脱氧含硫QC40钢的结瘤现象进行了分析研究,取样分析了浸入式水口内壁的结瘤物,并对棒材夹杂物进行了分析。经扫描电镜及能谱分析发现结瘤物分为两层结构,靠近水口内壁层的结瘤物主要是MgO·Al₂O₃、高熔点CaO-Al₂O₃和低熔点CaO-Al₂O₃;第二层的结瘤物主要是MgO·Al₂O₃、高熔点CaO-Al₂O₃和CaS。棒材中的夹杂物主要为MgO·Al₂O₃、高熔点CaO-Al₂O₃和CaS夹杂物。分析认为出现这种结瘤现象的原因是CaS属于高熔点夹杂物,但其和钢水的润湿角为87°（小于90°）,属于和钢水润湿性较好的夹杂物,而MgO·Al₂O₃和高熔点CaO- Al₂O₃与钢水的接触角均大于90°,属于高熔点且与钢水润湿性差的夹杂物,因此出现了CaS夹杂物仅能在第二层结瘤的现象。利用FactSage软件对铝脱氧含硫钢的钙处理工艺进行了理论优化,认为通过优化钙处理工艺,减少二次氧化等措施,能够减少乃至杜绝浸入式水口的结瘤行为。     

车轴钢EA1N的缺陷分析

围绕车轴钢EA1N质量问题,对典型缺陷进行了剖切和磨制,采用SEM-EDS对其进行了能谱分析。研究发现缺陷的类型是以O、Al等元素为主,同时含有少量的Ca、Ti,偶尔出现含有Mg元素的夹杂类缺陷,由能谱分析可知,夹杂物是引起车轴钢EA1N出现缺陷的重要原因。在冶炼过程中,铝氧反应在钢液中形成大量的Al₂O₃夹杂物,在精炼渣、含镁耐火材料等因素的作用下,钢液中[Mg]、[Ca]等元素含量升高,Al₂O₃会转变为含有多种物相的复合夹杂物,未能上浮去除而滞留在钢中的夹杂物很容易在随后的轧制和热处理过程中产生危害,引发裂纹等缺陷,直接导致性能下降。本研究为进一步探究夹杂物与车轴钢缺陷的相关性提供了依据。     

保温时间对U75V重轨钢中夹杂物的影响

通过真空感应炉冶炼U75V重轨钢,在箱式电阻炉中将试样加热到1100 ℃,分别保温30、60、90 min,使用扫描电镜对夹杂物进行分析。结果表明,未经热处理的试验钢中,夹杂物类型主要有3种,分别为MnS、Al₂O₃及MnS-Al₂O₃夹杂物。长条状MnS夹杂物随保温时间的延长有分裂趋势,保温90 min时,MnS夹杂物平均圆形度为1.86,与未经热处理的试样相比,圆形度降低了1.52。Al₂O₃夹杂物在保温30、60 min时,形态、大小变化不大,但数量减少,保温90 min时,部分Al₂O₃夹杂物尖锐棱角发生钝化,圆形度略微减小。试样经1100 ℃均热处理后,复合夹杂物增多,随着保温时间的延长,MnS-Al₂O₃夹杂物中MnS和Al₂O₃成分分布发生变化,外层的Al₂O₃有向内部运动的趋势,保温90 min时,夹杂物内部Al₂O₃富集,外包裹层中Al₂O₃含量极低,MnS-Al₂O₃夹杂物逐渐形成以Al₂O₃为核心,MnS外层包裹的复合型夹杂物,从而减小了对钢基体的损伤。     

Mg对X80管线钢夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响

在实验室条件下,对X80钢进行了镁处理和热处理试验,分析了镁对钢中夹杂物和奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,镁处理后,钢中钙铝酸盐类夹杂物含量减少,MgO·Al₂O₃夹杂物含量增加。Mg含量进一步增加,钢中会形成MgO夹杂物,导致MgO·Al₂O₃和Al₂O₃夹杂物含量减少。镁处理对钢中硫化物、碳化物和氮化物的类型和含量影响不大。镁处理可使钢中小尺寸夹杂物数量增加,夹杂物尺寸平均值减小。镁处理X80钢热处理后,钢中夹杂物主要为尺寸小于1 μm的MgO·Al₂O₃,具有钉扎晶界的作用,从而使镁处理后试样的奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显减小。     

稀土Ce对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重分析,扫描电镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和动电位极化实验(DP)等方法研究稀土元素Ce对316L不锈钢在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl腐蚀环境中耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量的稀土元素Ce可有效减小316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的重量损失,降低其腐蚀速率,减小腐蚀表面点蚀坑的尺寸与数量,提高316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位,降低其腐蚀电流密度,增大容抗弧半径,提高耐蚀性能。因此,本文确定提高316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能的最佳稀土元素Ce含量为0.015%(质量分数),并进一步揭示了Ce改善316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的主要原因:Ce可有效降低有害元素S在晶界处偏聚,净化晶界;改善夹杂物的形貌,减小夹杂物的尺寸。     

10B21微合金钢生产工艺全流程洁净度分析

为了探究影响10B21钢生产稳定性的因素,提高钢材的质量,满足客户需求,对全流程洁净钢夹杂物进行取样分析。结果表明,全流程各工位的夹杂物的类型主要为7种类型,分别为CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO-CaS-TiN、CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO-CaS、Al₂O₃、MnS、MnS-Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃-TiN和MnS-TiN,除了转炉工位的样品夹杂物类型相对复杂,其余工位夹杂物主要是CaS-Al₂O₃-MgO-CaO-TiN,不同炉次氧氮含量波动较大,尤其是转炉终点氧含量控制不稳定,LF精炼过程中夹杂物变化幅度大,且软吹操作后生成尺寸为80~100 μm的大型球状夹杂物,其主要成分是CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO-CaS-TiN,即以氧化钙氧化铝为形核中心外部伴生有氧化镁并被硫化钙以及氮化钛包裹的形式存在,该成分的夹杂物在LF精炼喂钙线后开始生成,由于精炼渣流动性低,对钢液覆盖效果差,易发生二次氧化,使得夹杂物在软吹阶段明显聚集长大。     

夹杂物对低合金钢在酸性Cl~-溶液环境中点蚀行为的影响

为了探究低合金钢中夹杂物在低pH值,高浓度氯离子腐蚀环境下诱发点蚀的作用机理,利用pH为0.85的10%NaCl溶液,模拟货油舱下底板腐蚀环境,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、夹杂物原位观察等手段,分析了不同类型、尺寸、形状的夹杂物对E36级船板钢点蚀行为的影响。结果表明:试验钢中存在MnS、TiO2等不同类型的夹杂,夹杂物在酸性溶液中最先被溶解,是点蚀的诱发源。夹杂物周围存在直径10μm左右的阴极保护区,在早期不易被腐蚀。此外,不同类型和形状的夹杂物诱发点蚀的优先顺序不同,MnS较TiO2优先诱发点蚀,长宽比大的夹杂较圆形夹杂优先诱发点蚀。     

稀土Ce对非调质钢中硫化物特征及微观组织的影响

通过稀土Ce微合金化手段,采用SEM、EDS和ASPEX等手段对不同Ce含量的非调质钢中的夹杂物形貌、数量和尺寸以及实验用钢的显微组织进行了表征,结合Thermo-Calc热力学软件对含Ce硫化物夹杂的形成过程进行了分析,并通过三维原子探针（3DAP）对晶界和相界面处的元素分布进行表征。结果表明,Ce在1800℃与S结合形成Ce₃S₄夹杂,1480℃转变为Ce₂S₃夹杂,1480℃以下形成Ce₂S₃为内核,Ti₄C₂S₂和Mn S包覆生长的复合夹杂物;添加Ce元素的实验用钢中90%以上的夹杂物的长径比小于2.5;Ce含量为0.019%（质量分数）时,实验用钢的组织最细,平均晶粒尺寸为4.17μm。3DAP的结果证明了Ce在晶界和相界处存在明显偏聚,阻碍了C扩散,抑制晶粒长大,另外,高温区形成的细小弥散含Ce夹杂物提供了形核质点,2者共同作用细化了非调质钢的组织。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis