约束弧等离子体制备铝纳米粉体工艺

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备了高纯铝纳米粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度进行性能表征。对约束弧等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的形成和长大过程进行了分析,并对制备过程中工艺参数(气体种类和压力、电弧电流等)对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响规律进行了讨论。实验结果表明:本法所制备的铝纳米粉末的晶体结构为fcc结构的晶态,呈规则的球形。适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径在20~100 nm的纳米粉,在其它工艺参数一定时,随着工作气压升高、电流强度的增加,产率和平均粒径都随之增大。     

等离子体制备银纳米粉末的研究

采用阳极弧放电等离子体制备银纳米粉末，并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(XEDS)和BET吸附等测试手段对样品的成分、形貌、晶体结构、粒度及其分布、比表面积等进行性能表征。结果表明：本法所制备的银纳米粉末纯度高，分散性好，呈类球形均匀分布；晶体结构与相应的块体材料基本相同，为fcc结构，其平均粒径为24nm，粒径范围在10～50nm，比表面积为23．81m^2／g。     

直流电弧等离子体法制备铋纳米粉体

采用自行研制的高真空三枪直流电弧金属纳米粉体连续制备设备,通过控制充气压力制备不同粒径的纳米铋粉.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及Simple PCI软件等测试手段对样品的成分、晶体结构、形貌和粒径分布进行表征.结果表明:等离子体法制备的纳米铋粉纯度高,粒径分布窄,分散性好,颗粒呈链球状均匀分布;纳米粉体的晶体结构与块体材料相同,为六方结构、空间群R-3m,晶格常数略有增大;当电流恒定为250 A、充气压力从5 kPa增加到60 kPa时,纳米铋粉的平均粒径从35 nm增加到143 nm.     

阳极弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉的机理研究

根据会属结晶的热力学和动力学理论，对采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的生长过程建立了一个近似的理论模型。研究了等离子体的产生、金属的蒸发、晶核的形成和生长机理。对影响纳米粉性能的各种工艺参数进行了理论分析。并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和相应选区电子衍射（ED）对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度及其分布进行表征。结果表明：采用阳极弧等离子体法制备的球形镍纳米粒予纯度高，晶格结构与相应的块体物质相同，为fcc结构的晶态，平均粒度为16nm，粒度范围分布在10nm～40nm。电源功率、电弧电流、气体压力及冷却温度是影响晶核的形成和生长的主要因素。通过适当调整各项工艺参数，可有效地控制粒子的粒度。     

快速凝固法制备Al-Sr合金粉末

采用多级雾化工艺的快速凝固法获得Al-Sr合金粉末。利用XRD、SEM、BET和激光粒度测试仪技术对Al-Sr合金粉末进行结构和性能研究。研究结果表明，当采用冷却速率较快的多级雾化喷雾制粉工艺时，包晶反应被抑制，所得到的Al-Sr合金粉末主晶相为他AlSr,少量为Al4Sr。Al2Sr晶格常数：a=4．82nm,b-7.91nm,c-7.96nm。合金粉末粒径小，粒度分布均匀，D50=27.87μm,D25/D75=0.685。合金粉末比表面积为0．9613m^2／g，颗粒表面光滑，呈液滴形。     

瞬间燃烧法制备纳米氧化铬

以Cr(NO3)3·9H2O、CO(NH2)2和PEG400为原料,利用沉淀法制备了纳米氧化铬的前驱体,然后采用瞬间燃烧法获得了纳米氧化铬.经BET、XRD和透射电镜形貌分析,该纳米粉的比表面积在16 m2/g～44 m2/g,粒径为70 nm～100nm.与采用超临界干燥(SCFD)制备的纳米氧化铬相比,该方法成本低、易实现工业化,利用该方法制备的纳米氧化铬粉适合在高铬耐火材料中的应用.     

阳极弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉的性能表征

采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法成功制备了高纯镍纳米粉末;利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和选区电子衍射（SAED）、BET吸附法测试手段对试样的成分、形貌、晶体结构、比表面积、粒度及其分布进行性能表征,并采用元素分析仪测定C,H,N含量,采用X射线能量色散分析谱仪（EDS）测定试样所含的元素及其相对含量,用红外吸收光谱（FT-1R）对结构组成进行定性分析.实验结果表明：本法所制备的镍纳米粉末的晶体结构与相应的块体材料基本相同,为fcc结构的晶态,平均粒径为47 nm,粒度范围分布在20 nm～70 nm,呈规则的球形链状分布,比表面积为14.23 m2/g,试样纯度高且具有很强吸附性.     

约束弧等离子体制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的性能

采用约束弧等离子体技术制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和N2吸附等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形貌、微观结构、比表面积和粒度等特征进行表征分析。结果表明：采用约束弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的核？壳结构,内核金属为体心立方结构的铁,外壳为无定形碳。颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在15～40nm范围内,平均粒径为30nm,内核粒径为18nm,外层碳的厚度为6～8nm,比表面积为24m2/g。     

工艺参数对阳极弧放电等离子体制备镍纳米粉的影响

在Ar惰性保护气氛中，采用阳极弧放电等离子方法用自行研制的装置制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉末。研究了在制备过程中电弧电流、气体压力等工艺参数对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响。利用XRD、TEM对制得的样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度及其分布进行测定。结果表明，适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径范围在20nm～100nm的纳米粉，在其它工艺参数不变条件下，气压升高或电弧电流增大，都会使粒度增大，产率提高。     

水热法制备的锌锰铁氧体纳米晶的离子分布、缺陷与磁性能

采用XPS及氧化还原滴定等手段确定了一种锌锰铁氧体纳米晶的离子分布式。采用XRD测定的样品晶格常数(αM—0．8431nm)与通过理论计算的结果(α=O．8393nm)十分接近。样品在350，450和700℃经过4h热处理后，离子分布数相应发生了变化：阳离子空位数e在350℃时达到最大值0．05520；晶格常数α随晶体阳离子空位数e的增加而增大，当e大于0.05时，晶格常数α的增加变缓。热处理温度不同，样品比饱和磁化强度σm相应改变，在350℃有最小值58．5Am^2／kg。理论计算与实验结果表明，样品的比饱和磁化强度σm与晶体中阳离子空位数e和次晶格上各价态的离子分布方式有关。     

Growth mechanism of Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

1 Introduction In recent years, the research and development for metal nanopowders has attracted significant interest and it is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and extensive prospects [1-5]. Metal nanopowder…     

PARTICLE SIZE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ni NANOPOWDERS PREPARED BY ANODIC ARC PLASMA

Pure Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared by the method of anodic arc discharged plasma with homemade experimental apparatus. The particle size, mircostructure and morphology of the particles by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED); The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by multi-point full analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77K by BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer; The chemical composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) equipped in SEM and element analyze instrument. The experiment results indicate that the samples by this method with high purity, the crystal structure of the particles is as same as the bulk material, is fcc structure, with average particle sizes about 47nm, ranging from 20 to 70nm, and distributed uniformly in spherical chain shapes, the specific surface areavis 14.23m^2/g, pore volume of pore is 0.09cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23nm.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared in large quantities by anodic arc discharged plasma method with homemade experimental apparatus in inert gas. The particle size, microstructure and morphology of the particles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffractometry(SAED). The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by nitrogen sorption isotherms at 77 K with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) equation and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. The chemical compositions were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry(XEDS) and element analysis. The experimental results indicate that this method is convenient and effective, and the nanopowders with uniform size, higher purity, weakly agglomerated and spherical chain shape are gotten. The crystal structure of the samples is FCC structure as the bulk materials, the particle size distribution ranges from 20 to 70 nm, and the average particle size is about 46 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results. The specific surface area is 14.23 m^2/g, specific pore volume is 0.09 cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23 nm.     

Processing parameters for Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanopowders were successfully prepared by anodic arc discharging plasma method with home-made experimental apparatus.The effects of various processing parameters on the particle size of Cu nanopowders were investigated in the process,and the optimum processing parameters were obtained.In addition,the morphology,crystal structure,particle size distribution of the nanopowders were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction(SAED).The experimental results show that the crystal structure of the samples is the same fcc structure as that of the bulk materials.The processing parameters play a major role in controlling the particle size.The particle size increases with the increase of the arc current or gas pressure.     

约束弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉体及磁学性质

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉体，运用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品的结构、形貌和磁学性质进行了表征。研究了工艺条件对电弧状态和粉体形貌的影响，实验结果表明，约束弧等离子方法能制备出纯净的Ni纳米粉体，并能有效控制粒子的粒径，粉体的比饱和磁化强度低于块体，矫顽力高于块体，饱和磁化强度和矫顽力均随着颗粒度的减小而降低。     

Preparation and particle size characterization of Cu nanopartides prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanoparticles were successfully prepared in large scale by means of anodic arc discharging plasma method in inert atmosphere. The particle size, specific surface area, crystal structure, and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, BET equation, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction （SAED）. The experimental results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is fcc structure the same as that of the bulk materials. The specific surface area is 11 m^2/g, the particle size distribution is 30 to 90 nm, and the average particle size is about 67 nm obtained from TEM and confirmed from XRD and BET results. The nanoparticles with uniform size, high purity, narrow size distribution and spherical shape can be prepared by this convenient and effective method.     

Preparation and particle size characterization of Cu nanoparticles prepared by anodic arc plasma

1. Introduction Metal nanoparticles exhibit novel physical and chemical properties owing to the small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, and quanta tun-nel effect [1-4]. In recent years, the research and de-velopment for metal nanoparticles have attracted significant interest and is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and various potential applications [5-7]. Because the properties depend strongly on the details of particle size, speci…