金刚石织构体及其纳米级亚晶

在冲击合成的金刚石中存在一种织构体组织,织构是由沿[110]cd和[12↑-10]hd方向排列的金刚石纳米级亚晶组成的。除常见的立方金刚石结构外,还存在一种罕见的六方金刚石结构,它们通常共存在一个金刚石织构体中,形成共生晶体。     

冲击合成金刚石的纳米级多晶结构

冲击合成的金刚石微粉中存在一种晶粒沿一定方向排列的纳米级织构组织。织构晶粒的尺寸厚度为５～１０ｎｍ，长度２０～５０ｎｍ。这种织构通常是立方和六方金刚石的共生晶体。     

纳米金刚石微粉作为静压法合成金刚石晶种的探讨

本文报道了添加纳米金刚石粉（ＮＤＰ）碳惩的静液压合成金刚石初步试验。结果表明,ＮＤＰ作为晶种可提高石墨相变为金刚石的得量,并提高产物中金刚石粗晶粒的比例。     

纳米金刚石的应用及生产

本文介绍了合成及净化的纳米金刚石的应用及前景，并报道了纳米金刚石合成及净化工艺创建及实现途径。     

冲击合成金刚石中的纳米级多晶结构

冲击合成的金刚石微粉中存在一种晶粒沿一定方向排列的纳米级织构组织。织构晶粒的尺寸厚度为5～10nm,长度20～50nm。这种织构通常是立方和六方金刚石的共生晶体。     

纳米多晶金刚石的制备合成研究

本文采用纳米金刚石粉作为原料,铁基(或镍基)金属粉做烧结助剂,利用超高压六面顶压机,在高温高压条件下进行了纳米多晶金刚石的制备实验。研究了铁基(或镍基)金属粉与纳米金刚石粉体系再生长烧结的温度压力条件,并通过SEM、XRD等测试手段对多晶金刚石样品进行了微观形貌和内部成分分析。研究结果表明:合成的多晶尺寸不仅与触媒的种类有关,而且与触媒的粒度粗细也有关系;在6 GPa、1100℃、合成时间60 s的条件下,制备的纳米多晶金刚石材料比较均匀致密,金刚石之间以D-D键结合为主。     

Characterization of synthesized and treated gem diamonds

Synthesized diamonds have been widely employed as polishing media for precise machining and noble substrates for microelectronics. The recent development of the split sphere press has led to the commercial HPHT (high pressure high temperature) synthesis of bulk gem diamonds from graphite and to the enhancement of low quality natural diamonds. Synthesized and treated diamonds are sometimes traded deceptively as high quality natural diamonds because it is hard to distinguish among these diamonds with conventional gemological characterization methods. Therefore, we need to develop a new identification method that is non-destructive, fast, and inexpensive. We proposed using new methods of UV fluorescence and X-ray Lang topography for checking the local HPHT stress field as well as using a vibrating sample magnetometer for checking ferromagnetic residue in synthesized diamonds to distinguish these diamonds from natural ones. We observe unique differences in the local stress field images in synthesized and treated diamonds using Lang topography and UV fluorescence characterization. Our result implies that our proposed methods may be appropriate for identification of the synthesized and treated diamonds.     

快速降温温度梯度法合成金刚石的晶体缺陷分析

采用同步辐射白光貌相术研究了快速降温温度梯度法合成的大颗粒金刚石单晶体的晶体缺陷。晶体生长的早期形成了沿±[100]和±[010]方向延伸的平直位错,位错线均起源于种晶表面。晶体生长中期向[001-]方向生长,未生成新位错。在晶体生长的末期,形成了大量位错束,这些位错束由多条直线形位错组成,每个位错束中的所有位错生成于同一位错源,分布在扇形区域内,扇形夹角大多数在30°以内。这些扇形位错束的位错源均位于靠近晶体外表面的晶体内,在靠近(1-00)的晶面附近分布最多,(100)晶面附近比较多。少部分靠近(010)和(01-0)晶面。位错束的生长方向主要分布在[1-00]至[1-01-]区域和[001-]附近区域,少量向[010]、[01-0]方向延伸。位错束的形成和晶体合成末期的快速降温具有密切的关系。     

Ordered diamond micro-arrays for ultra-precision grinding—An evaluation in Ti-6Al-4V

The surface topography of a conventional diamond grinding wheel can be characterised as having a perplexity of abrasive particles with random crystallographic orientations resulting in different heights of protrusion from the bond and inherent varying inter-particle spacing. The number and effectiveness of the abrasive particles during grinding depends on factors such as the abrasive concentration, the crystallographic shape and the extent of particle protrusion from the wheel’s surface. The consequence of this random layout inhibits the optimal performance of individual abrasives in the process of material removal, and where particles are clustered, chip flow is negatively affected. This paper reports on the evaluation of purpose designed precision diamond micro-arrays for the grinding a case-study material, Ti-6Al-4V and compares their performance against conventional diamond electroplated micro-cutting elements of D91 and D46 abrasive size in an imitated grinding setup. The precision diamond micro-arrays, produced from thick film CVD diamond utilising energy beam ablation offer an optimised layout of abrasive elements, each having a cutting width of 100 μm of identical crystallographic orientation, protrusion height and regular spacing to provide chip flow paths. In addition, the primary/secondary rake angles γ=−32°/+1° and clearance angle α=4.5° of each abrasive cutting element have been controlled in order to provide an enhanced cutting action. The precise layout of the abrasive cutting elements of the micro-arrays produced superior chip flow compared with the diamond electroplated grinding elements; this has been proven by in-depth scanning electron microscopy of the clogged workpiece material on the studied abrasive elements. The results show a 3.5 times improvement to surface finish and a 21.5 times improvement to flatness of the Ti-6Al-4V workpieces when ground with the proposed innovative diamond micro-arrays.     

Grinding and electrochemical properties of diamond dresser fabricated in a combination technique

This study introduces surface-modified diamond grits embedded into nickel micro-prominences via micro-fabrication and nickel electroforming to fabricate novel diamond dressers. Two kinds of diamond dressers with micro-columnar prominences and micro-hemispherical prominences, denoted as CPD and SPD, respectively are characterized and compared with a commercial dresser, BSD. Among them, CPD has the lowest height level of the diamond grits and the diamond height leveling is most uniform due to the columnar shape of the nickel micro-prominences. Therefore, CPD has the highest weight loss of the counterpart and the lowest diamond worn of the diamond dresser by wear tests. In addition, CPD and SPD have a higher corrosion resistance than BSD. The reason is that the nickel deposition has a higher corrosion resistance than the Ni-based alloy in chemical-mechanical-polishing slurry determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization test. Consequently, this manufacturing process has the potential to simplify considerably the fabrication and integration of surface-modified diamond grits on pad dresser-compatible substrates.     

Orientation changes of aluminium single crystals in ultra-precision diamond turning

In this paper, the effects of cutting speed on the variation of surface texture and lattice rotation of diamond-turned surfaces were investigated. The {1 1 1} pole figures were determined at various locations by the X-ray diffraction method. The local lattice rotation at various locations on a machined groove by the electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) method was also obtained. A simulation of the orientation change was performed and the theoretical prediction was compared with the experimental results.     

高质量金刚石自支撑膜织构与断裂强度的关系研究

利用直流电弧等离子体喷射化学气相沉积在Mo基体上制备了不同织构的金刚石厚膜。用扫描电境(SEM)观察金刚石膜的形貌，用XRD表征晶体取向，用极图和取向分布函数法计算金刚石膜的不同织构，利用三点弯曲法测量金刚石膜的断裂强度。结果表明，金刚石膜的断裂强度随着衍射峰强度比值，I(111)／I(220)的增大而不断降低。{110}织构的金刚石膜具有最高的断裂强度。     

Nanocrystalline diamond coating tools for machining high-strength Al alloys

Diamond coating tools have been increasingly used for machining advanced materials. Recently, a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology was developed to produce diamond coatings which consist of nano-diamond crystals embedded into a hard amorphous diamond-like carbon matrix. In this study, the nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coating tools were evaluated in machining high-strength aluminum (Al) alloy. The conventional CVD microcrystalline diamond coating (MCD) tools and PCD tools were also tested for performance comparisons. In addition, stress distributions in diamond coating tools, after deposition and during machining, were analyzed using a 2D finite element (FE) thermomechanical model.

The results show that catastrophic failures, reached in all except one machining conditions, limit the NCD tool life, which is primarily affected by the cutting speed. In addition, coating delamination in the worn NCD tools is clearly evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and force monitoring in machining can capture the delamination incident. At a high feed, coating delamination may extend to the rake face. Furthermore, SEM observations of coating failure boundaries show intimate coating-substrate contact. Though the NCD tools are inferior to the PCD tools, they substantially outperform the MCD tools, which failed by premature delamination. The diamond coating tools can have high residual stresses from the deposition and stresses at the cutting edge are highly augmented. Further machining loading causes the stress reversal pattern which seems to correlate with the tool wear severity.     

HFCVD在硬质合金基体上沉积（110）＆（100）金刚石薄膜

以CH4和H2为反应气体,用热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)法在YG6(WC-6%Co)硬质合金基体上沉积了具有(110)和(100)织构的金刚石薄膜.用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、压痕仪对样品进行了分析.结果表明金刚石薄膜由约1μm大小立方金刚石晶粒组成,其形核密度大于2×108/m2;(110)和(100)织构系数分别为0.59和0.033,压痕荷载为588N时附着性能良好.