热喷涂纳米结构涂层研究现状与展望

综述了国内外在利用热喷涂技术制备纳米结构涂层方面的研究进展。介绍了热喷涂用纳米结构喂料的制备、热喷涂纳米结构涂层的制备方法及涂层性能。与传统材料的热喷涂涂层相比,纳米结构涂层在力学、摩擦学以及耐磨防腐蚀性能方面均有较大提高。     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构涂层研究进展

超音速火焰(High Velocity Oxy -Fuel,简称HVOF)喷涂具有高速和相对较低的温度两个重要特征,能够获得比普通火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂(Plasma Spray,简称PS)结合强度更高的致密涂层.纳米材料具有独特的表面效应、体积效应及量子尺寸效应,其电学、力学、磁学、光学和热学等性能产生了惊人的变化.随着材料科学技术的深入发展, 在实际生产和生活中运用性能优良的纳米材料倍受人们关注,其中,采用热喷涂技术制备纳米结构涂层是构筑纳米结构材料的最具前途的方法之一.从目前国内外的情况来看,HVOF喷涂纳米结构涂层技术的研究取得了较大的进展.综合国内外文献,总结了HVOF喷涂制备纳米结构涂层的研究现状,着重阐述了热喷涂纳米涂层的基本过程和结合机理,指出了利用HVOF喷涂纳米结构涂层存在的问题,并对热喷涂纳米结构涂层的发展前景作了展望.     

喷涂工艺参数对纳米NiCr/WC涂层与基体间结合强度的影响

以纳米NiCr/WC粉末为原料,采用活性燃烧超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了NiCr/WC金属陶瓷涂层。通过XRD衍射以及能谱分析等方法研究了工艺参数对纳米NiCr/WC涂层与基体之间结合强度的影响。结果发现,在喷涂材料确定的条件下,热喷涂涂层与基体之间的结合强度主要取决于热喷涂工艺。尤其是喷涂距离,对涂层与基体之间的结合强度的影响非常明显。     

热喷涂技术的研究进展

从喷涂设备、涂层应用和质量监控方面综述热喷涂技术的发展现状,重点介绍了等离子喷涂、超音速电弧喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂以及冷喷涂技术的最新进展;提出了制备热障、纳米、非晶、超导及隐身功能涂层将成为研究热点;指出利用各种先进的声、光、电、磁无损检测技术,对涂层性能进行在线诊断、评估质量和预测寿命的研究方向;并对热喷涂技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

热喷涂纳米涂层20年回顾与展望

概述了热喷涂纳米涂层的发展,包括通过纳米粉体的再造粒技术形成热喷涂纳米结构涂层的过程,热喷涂纳米结构氧化铝/氧化钛耐磨抗蚀涂层材料的研发、产业化与成功应用,偶然获得热喷涂纳米自润滑涂层的过程,液料热喷涂纳米热障涂层的研发,新型热喷涂纳米热障涂层材料等。展望了热喷涂纳米涂层技术在国防和民用领域的应用前景,预计到2025年,全球热喷涂纳米涂层市场会达到65亿美元,其中20%左右的市场份额在中国。最后,指出通过对纳米粉体进行再造粒,在纳微观尺度上调控可喷涂粉体喂料的成分和组织结构,能够获得各种所需性能的纳米结构热喷涂涂层,可以用纳米材料制备出常规材料无法获得的全新高性能热喷涂纳米涂层,以满足各种高端装备关键构件的各种表面性能需求。所以,要通过政产学研用合作创新,加快纳米结构可喷涂粉体喂料产业化,发展高性能的热喷涂纳米涂层。     

纳米涂层制备技术的进展

综述了纳米涂层的制备方法及其进展，包括化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积、溶胶．凝胶法、自组装、电沉积法、粘涂法、热喷涂技术等；着重介绍了采用热喷涂技术制备的纳米涂层；探讨了纳米涂层研究中存在的问题及纳米涂层的发展前景。     

超音速等离子喷涂纳米结构Al2O3-TiO2喂料涂层性能研究

采用特殊的工艺，制备了可用于热喷涂的纳米结构Al2O3-TiO2喂料，并采用超音速等离子喷涂技术制备了涂层。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度与美国产相同成分的Nanox^TM2613P纳米喂料制备的涂层基本相同。喷涂过程中存在相的转变和晶粒长大现象。     

热喷涂制备纳米涂层的研究现状与展望

从分析纳米粉末用于纳米表面工程所具有的特性入手，阐述了目前纳米粉末制备方法、热喷涂纳米涂层的种类、制备纳米涂层的热喷涂方法。总结了目前用热喷涂制备纳米涂层所面临的难题及现有的解决措施。展望了热喷涂作为纳米表面工程的关键和最有希望的技术，在未来制备纳米涂层方面的发展。     

纳米热喷涂技术的研究现状与展望

介绍了纳米热喷涂结构涂层的组装、涂层结构与性能等方面的研究现状，并展望了纳米热喷涂技术的发展前景。     

高效能超音速等离子喷涂粒子特性及涂层特点

超音速等离子喷涂技术是热喷涂技术的关键技术之一.从基础及应用的角度,研究了高效能超音速等离子(HEPJet)喷涂粒子的特性,探讨了高效能超音速等离子在制备Ni/Al等金属及其合金涂层、WC-Co金属陶瓷涂层、ZrO2等氧化物陶瓷涂层上的特点.结果表明,高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统具有焰流温度高、射流速度快等特点;制备的涂层粒子变形充分,涂层均匀,孔隙率低,结合强度高,涂层质量好;可将适用于喷涂的所有粉末材料制备成高质量涂层.     

Status of thermal spray technology in japan

This article summarizes the present status and prospects for future progress of the thermal spraying business and technology in Japan. Organizations that have supported thermal spraying business and technology consist of coating contract shops, producers and suppliers of spray equipment and consumables, and large companies that have been using thermal spray technology in their production lines. Moreover, out-side, noncommercial organizations such as universities, government, or local industrial institutes and academic societies for thermal spraying are reviewed. In terms of thermal spraying equipment, in particiular, the installation of atmosphere-controlled plasma spray and high-velocity oxygen/fuel spray (HVOF) are investigated. Typical examples include industrial applications that are performed mainly by coating contract shops and large companies. In emerging spraying process technologies, synthesis of new materials using atmospheric plasma spray and atmosphere-controlled plasma spray, laser-assisted spraying, and new plasma torches are presented.     

冶金严苛服役环境中热喷涂技术的应用现状及展望

以超音速火焰喷涂、大功率等离子喷涂等为代表的先进热喷涂技术,已成为冶金行业关键装备及部件在严苛服役环境下实现高温耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗结瘤、隔热等多功能化的关键技术.概述了不同热喷涂技术的基本原理及涂层特性,进而详细论述热喷涂技术在服役于严苛环境中的冶金关键设备(如连铸结晶器铜板、热镀锌铝锅组件及高温炉辊等)上的研究现状及应...     

冷喷涂沉积机理及其装备的研究进展

冷喷涂是近几年基于空气动力学发展起来的新型表面改性技术。冷喷涂技术在较低的温度下进行,相比热喷涂有很多优势,成为研制开发非晶、纳米及其他温度敏感材料的有效手段,在工业及国防领域有着重要的应用前景和价值。简要介绍了冷喷涂技术的原理、特点以及在保护涂层、功能涂层、近净成形、零件修复等方面的应用。涂层沉积机理的研究对冷喷涂技术的研究具有重要的理论意义,对工艺参数的优化以及优质涂层的制备具有重要的指导作用。冷喷涂装备对涂层质量和喷涂效率的提高至关重要。冷喷涂装备使冷喷涂技术的研究从理论研究到实验研究过渡,最终由实验室研究向工业应用过渡。详细阐述了冷喷涂涂层沉积机理及其研究进展。系统阐述了冷喷涂装备(真空冷喷涂、激光辅助冷喷涂、脉冲气体冷喷涂、激波风洞冷喷涂等)的工作原理及研究现状。     

Thermal spray for commercial shipbuilding

Thermal spraying of steel with aluminum to protect it from corrosion is a technology that has been proven to work in the marine environment. The thermal spray coating system includes a paint sealer that is applied over the thermally sprayed aluminum. This extends the service life of the coating and provides color to the end product. The thermal spray system protects steel both through the principle of isolation (as in painting) and galvanizing. With this dual protection mechanism, steel is protected from corrosion even when the coating is damaged. The thermal- sprayed aluminum coating system has proved the most cost- effective corrosion protection system for the marine environment. Until recently, however, the initial cost of application has limited its use for general application. Arc spray technology has reduced the application cost of thermal spraying of aluminum to below that of painting. Commercial shipbuilders could use this technology to enhance their market position in the marine industry.     

Plasma Spray-PVD: A New Thermal Spray Process to Deposit Out of the Vapor Phase

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a low pressure plasma spray technology recently developed by Sulzer Metco AG (Switzerland). Even though it is a thermal spray process, it can deposit coatings out of the vapor phase. The basis of PS-PVD is the low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) technology that has been well established in industry for several years. In comparison to conventional vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) or low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), the new proposed process uses a high energy plasma gun operated at a reduced work pressure of 0.1 kPa (1 mbar). Owing to the high energy plasma and further reduced work pressure, PS-PVD is able to deposit a coating not only by melting the feed stock material which builds up a layer from liquid splats but also by vaporizing the injected material. Therefore, the PS-PVD process fills the gap between the conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies and standard thermal spray processes. The possibility to vaporize feedstock material and to produce layers out of the vapor phase results in new and unique coating microstructures. The properties of such coatings are superior to those of thermal spray and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) coatings. In contrast to EB-PVD, PS-PVD incorporates the vaporized coating material into a supersonic plasma plume. Owing to the forced gas stream of the plasma jet, complex shaped parts such as multi-airfoil turbine vanes can be coated with columnar thermal barrier coatings using PS-PVD. Even shadowed areas and areas which are not in the line of sight of the coating source can be coated homogeneously. This article reports on the progress made by Sulzer Metco in developing a thermal spray process to produce coatings out of the vapor phase. Columnar thermal barrier coatings made of Yttria-stabilized Zircona (YSZ) are optimized to serve in a turbine engine. This process includes not only preferable coating properties such as strain tolerance and erosion resistance but also the simultaneous coverage of multiple air foils.     

热喷涂技术在产品再制造领域的应用及发展趋势

再制造产业已列为国家发展战略性新兴产业,热喷涂技术具有喷涂材料广泛、基体形状与尺寸不受限制、涂层厚度容易控制、工艺操作简单、成本低效率高、能赋予零件表面特殊性能等特点,是实现损伤零部件表面尺寸恢复和性能提升的关键技术手段,已成功应用于国防工业、印刷、航空航天、石油化工、矿山机械、电力等领域装备零部件的再制造。文中综述了等离子喷涂、高速火焰喷涂、高速电弧喷涂及其他热喷涂技术的特点及其在再制造领域的典型应用,提出热喷涂技术应用于再制造领域未来的发展趋势主要表现在:加强热喷涂技术在再制造领域的适应性研究、深入复合技术的研究和应用、推动热喷涂技术在高效规模化生产应用中的研究以及加强热喷涂再制造技术标准、工艺规范等方面的研究。     

热喷涂技术的新发展

在过去的几年里，热喷涂技术在喷涂工艺、喷涂材料、涂层质量监控等方面都有很大发展，喷涂层应用领域也进一部扩大。其主要标志为新三阴极等离子喷涂系统、微等离子喷涂工艺、冷喷工艺的开发和应用，高速火焰喷涂工艺的进一步改进和完善，亚微米及纳米结构等新型喷涂材料的开发，喷涂粒子和基体诊断分析系统的开发和应用以及喷涂层在汽车发动机上的应用。     

Influence of the spray velocity on arc-sprayed coating structures

Thermal spray processes such as plasma spraying and HVOF have gained markets due to a steady process of development of materials and equipment. One disadvantage of thermal spray processes is that costs must be competitive compared to techniques such as PTA and electroplating. In order to reduce costs, the more economical spray processes like conventional wire flame spraying, as well as arc spraying, are becoming more popular. There are modern arc spray gun designs on the market that meet the requirements of modern coating properties, for example aviation overhaul applications as well as the processing of cored wires. Nevertheless, the physical basis of arc spraying is well known. The aim of the present investigation is to show how the influence of spray velocity (not particle velocity) affects coating structure with respect to arc spray parameters.     

先进陶瓷涂层结构调控及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

等离子喷涂技术可以对陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行调控设计,因此在制备固体氧化物燃料电池方面具有独特的优势。基于等离子喷涂方法,可以直接制备或经过后处理获得致密的电解质涂层。采用等离子喷涂技术也可以制备高性能的多孔阳极和阴极,并可对钙钛矿结构阴极材料的成分和晶体结构进行调控。文中介绍了目前国内外采用涂层制备电池的方法,主要探讨了热喷涂方法制备电解质涂层的特点,对存在的问题和可行思路进行了讨论,并探讨了基于提高三相反应界面长度来制备高性能电极的方法。由于固体氧化物燃料全电池各功能层都有可能通过热喷涂方法制备,因此该方法在固体氧化物燃料电池结构设计具有巨大的潜力。     

高导热涂层制备及其性能研究进展

随着高集成技术、微电子封装技术、大功率LED技术以及超级计算机的迅猛发展,小型化、微型化与轻薄化成为现代及未来电子设备、电子电路的发展潮流,因此对散热要求越来越高.目前电子器件及设备主要应用导热硅脂、导热硅胶及复合材料来实现散热.若在器件及设备上制备一层具有高热导率、耐腐蚀、结合强度良好的导热涂层,可以更好地实现散热.从高导热涂层的应用背景及导热涂层的特点出发,阐述了制备方法和材料体系不同的三大类高导热涂层,重点介绍了以喷涂技术、磁控溅射技术、涂料技术制备高导热涂层的研究进展.对比这几种导热涂层制备技术可以发现,因为空气是热的不良导体,基于冷喷涂技术制备的涂层孔隙率低的特点,加之对涂层进行热处理后会更加致密,所以冷喷涂技术制备的导热涂层具有较高的热导率.但目前的喷涂粉末具有导电性,因此喷涂在电路及电器设备上应用还不够成熟.基于冷喷涂技术制备绝缘、高导热涂层,提高器件设备的导热性能,还有待进一步探索.