Ti-Al-Zr-Sn-Mo-Si-Y合金高温塑性变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Ti-Al-Zr-Sn—Mo—Si—Y合金进行了热压缩试验，采用动态材料模型建立的加工图研究了在变形温度800～1100℃，变形速率在0．002～10s^-1范围内的热变形行为。结果表明：该合金的功率耗散效率的峰值区为875～925℃，应变速率为0．001-0．002s^-1，峰值效率为85％。在温度为900～1000℃，应变速率为0．1～3s^-1的区域和850～950℃，应变速率为0．001-0．01s^-1的环形区域内进行等温压缩，Ti-Al-Zr-Sn-Mo-Si—Y合金发生了动态再结晶，其功率耗散效率为40％～55％。在800～925℃，应变速率为0．03～10s^-1和温度为860～930℃，应变速率为0．003～0．03s^-1区域内易产生流变失稳现象。     

GH4698高温合金变形中的流变行为及显微组织

在热模拟试验机上进行了高温压缩试验,研究了GH4698高温合金在不同变形温度(950~1200℃)和应变速率(0. 01~10 s^-1)条件下的流变行为,建立了基于流变曲线的本构方程及以动态材料模型为基础的热加工图。借助扫描电镜和背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)对变形后试样进行组织分析。结果表明:GH4698高温合金流变应力随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的加快而逐渐增加。在变形温度为1000~1200℃、应变速率为0. 01~0. 05 s^-1的热变形条件下,GH4698高温合金具有较佳的热加工行为。在高、低功率耗散率区域中,随着功率耗散率值的增加,动态再结晶百分数均会增加,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸增大,大角度晶界分数增加。     

应用加工图理论研究Ti2AlNb基合金的高温变形特性

基于动态材料模型（DMM），建立了Ti2AlNb基合金（Ti-22Al-25Nb）在温度94012-1060℃，应变速率0．001s^-1-10s^-1范围内的加工图，并利用该图分析了合金的高温变形特性。结果发现：在温度94012～97012，应变速率0．4s^-1～10s^-1和温度970℃—1060℃，应变速率1s^-1～10s^-1范围为流动失稳区，前者范围内主要发生绝热剪切变形和45°角剪切开裂，功率耗散率达到最小值；后者区域内以局部塑性流动和纵向开裂为主，功率耗散率小于33％。热加工图的其余部分为塑性加工的“安全区”，主要发生再结晶。在温度94012～970℃，应变速率0．001s^-1-0．4s^-1范围，以α2／O相板条球化为主；在温度970℃～1030℃，应变速率0．001s^-1～1S^-1范围，功率耗散率为35％-45％，呈现连续再结晶特征。在温度1030℃～1060℃。麻蛮谏率0．001s^-1-0.1s^-1范围。功率耗散率为45％～66％。达最大值,发生连续再结晶晶粒长大。     

GH4169合金热加工过程中的显微组织演化数学模型

采用Thermecmastor—Z型热加工模拟试验机对GH4169合金热态变形过程中(温度范围为960～1020℃，应变速率范围为10^-2～50s^-1，等效应变范围为0．357～0．916和变形后高温滞留阶段内(滞留时间为0～15s)的显徽组织演化过程进行了实验研究，定量地测定了试样内的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和再结晶体积分数。根据实验结果，指出了GH41．69合金热加工过程中的主要显微组织演化过程是动态和亚动态再结晶，确定了峰值应力和峰值应变与锻造热力参数间的关系，建立了动态再结晶和亚动态再结晶过程的运动学方程和晶粒尺寸演化模型，从而为预测和控制GH4169合金锻件的组织性能提供了依据。     

我国钛废料回收利用现状

采用热模拟压缩试验研究了Ti-40阻燃钛合金在温度900℃～1100℃、应变速率0．01s^-1～10s^-1范围内的高温变形特性，发现合金的流动应力-应变曲线具订应力峰和流变软化特征，在高温、高应变速率下，出现小连续屈服现象。根据动态材料模型（DMM）建立的Ti-40合金加工图大致可以分为5个区域：（1）在温度900℃-950℃，应变速率大于1s。时，易发生45°角剪切开裂，出现明显的剪切变形带，功率耗散率达最小值。（2）在温度1000℃～1100℃、应变速率人于1s^-1时，易出现“豆腐渣”式和纵向开裂，大变形时出现局部塑性流动。这2个区域为流动失稳区，在制定热加工工艺时应尽量避免。（3）在高温（≥1050℃）、低应变速率区（≤0．1s^-1），功率耗散率为46％-76％，达到盛大值，呈现连续冉结晶的特征。（4）在900℃-950℃、应变速率0．01s^-1～0．1s^-1区域内主要发生动态回复，功率耗散率为22％-32％。（5）在温度950℃～1050℃、应变速率0.1s^-1～1s^-1范用为再结晶区域，功率耗散率为36％～50％。结果表明，加工图是控制材料组织演变和优化工艺的一种有效手段。     

GH742合金热变形行为与微观组织演化

在MTS热模拟实验机上采用等温压缩实验的方法研究了GH742合金热塑性变形行为,获得了合金在温度为950—1150℃、应变速率为0．001—1s^-1的热加工变形条件范围内的流变应力数据,并对合金变形过程中的组织演变过程进行了分析．结果表明,当合金在1075℃以上的单相区内变形时具有低的流变应力,合金的表观激活能接近晶界扩散激活能,变形行为受再结晶晶界迁移过程的控制,易于获得充分动态再结晶组织．在两相区内,GH742合金具有高的表观激活能,随着变形温度的下降和应变速率的增大,流变应力大幅度升高,同时动态再结晶过程受到抑制．在单相区与两相区交界温度范围内,流变应力出现台阶式突变,同时表观激活能大幅度升高,由于应变诱导析出γ’相抑制了再结晶晶界的迁移,再结晶晶粒直径随变形量的增加而大幅度减小,从而使微观组织得到有效的细化．     

GH625镍基合金高温塑性变形加工图研究

在Gleeble热模拟机上对GH625合金进行了等温热压缩实验,获得了不同变形条件下该合金的真应力真应变曲线。利用DMM模型构建了GH625合金在不同应变量下的加工图,通过对加工图的分析,可以得到:GH625合金加工图中存在一个功率耗散效率较高的区域,其对应的变形温度为1100～1200℃,应变速率为0.01～1.0s-1,在该变形区域内,合金发生了完全动态再结晶。当功率耗散效率为0.4～0.45时,动态再结晶晶粒细小均匀;在峰值效率0.47时,动态再结晶晶粒出现明显的长大趋势;在低温高应变速率下存在一个较小的流变失稳区,该区域内的动态再结晶晶粒沿绝热剪切带分布。实际生产中工艺参数的制定应尽量选择在完全动态再结晶区内加工,避免在失稳区加工成型。基于GH625合金加工图及微观显微组织分析可得该合金的适宜加工区域为:ε=0.01～1.0s-1,T=1100～1200℃。     

GH2907合金热变形行为及热加工图

通过热模拟压缩实验研究了GH2907合金在变形温度为950~1100℃、应变速率为0.01~10s_^-1、变形量为60%条件下的热变形行为,流变应力随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低而显著降低；根据Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomon参数,计算了热变形激活能Q,建立了GH2907合金的热变形本构方程；根据动态材料模型,确定了GH2907合金在不同应变下的功率耗散图,功率耗散效率η较高的区域位于温度为1050~1100℃,应变速率为0.01~0.03s_^-1范围,在该变形区域内组织发生了明显的动态再结晶现象；基于Preased失稳判据,绘制了GH2907合金在不同应变下的热加工图,流变失稳区位于高温高应变速率区域,即温度为970~1100℃,应变速率为0.6~10s_^-1范围,在该变形区域内动态再结晶晶粒沿着绝热剪切带和局部流动分布。根据GH2907合金热加工图及微观组织分析得到适宜的加工区域是温度为1050~1100℃,应变速率为0.01~0.03s_^-1范围。     

镍基高温合金GH4700的热变形行为及热加工图

研究了镍基高温合金GH4700变形温度和应变速率对热变形行为的影响,建立了该合金的热变形本构方程和热加工图。结果表明:在变形温度1120~1210℃、应变速率0.01~20 s-1条件下,该合金的热变形流变曲线呈现出典型的动态再结晶型特征,存在稳态的流变应力,且随着变形温度的升高和应变速率降低,动态再结晶过程更充分;GH4700合金的热变形激活能为326.3165 kJ/mol;该合金在温度为1180~1210℃,应变速率为10~20 s-1的热压缩变形条件下,能量耗散率η值较高,大于0.30,显微组织发生完全动态再结晶,获得的组织晶粒细小且分布均匀。     

3003铝合金热变形流变应力特征

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行圆柱体压缩实验．研究了3003铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0．01～10s^-1、真应变为0～0．8条件下的流变应力特征。结果表明．流变应力随温度升高而降低，随应变速率的提高而增大；在应变速率小于10s^-1。时，3003铝合金首先出现加工硬化，流变应力达到峰值后单调下降，趋于平稳，表现出动态回复的特征；而在应变速率为10s^-1、变形温度在350℃以上时，合金发生了局部动态再结晶；可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述3003铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis