温度和酸浓度对铁在盐酸溶液中析氢磁致过电位的影响

提出了磁致过电位面的表达式。用动电位扫描法研究了０．４Ｔ磁场下纯铁在不同温度（２５,４０,６０℃）和不同浓度的盐酸（０．０５,０．２,１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）中的阴极极化曲线,得出与温度和盐酸浓度的关系。以水合离子作用导致双电层结构改变的观点解释了温度和盐酸浓度对的影响。     

Kinetics of anodic behaviour of Pb in HCl solutions

The galvanostatic polarization technique was used to study the electrochemical behaviour of lead electrode in HCl solutions. The general shape of the resulting anodic potential-time curves is found to depend on magnitude of the imposed current density, the acid concentration and the temperature of the solution. The data of the curves were characterized by the presence of various regions due to different electrochemical processes. (i) A rapid and almost linear change of potential due to the decay of hydrogen overpotential and the subsequent charging of the electrical double layer at the metal/solution interface, (ii) a potential arrest corresponding to anodic dissolution of the lead to Pb²⁺ ions, (iii) a linear rise in the electrode potential indicating the onset of passivity due to the formation of PbCl₂, (iv) a second potential arrest due to the chemical dissolution of the passive PbCl₂ layer, and (v) finally, a continuous rise in the Pb electrode potential with time. The electrode potentials corresponding to the different arrests were found to depend on the magnitude of the imposed current density, the acid concentration and the temperature of the solution. The duration time, τ, of the dissolution process was found to increase with the decease of the solution acidity and the current density and also with the increase of solution temperature.     

Effects of sputtering conditions on electrochemical behavior and physical properties of Ni-Mo alloy electrode

1 Introduction Many transition metal alloys with binary and ternary compositions have been studied as hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes in water electrolysis[1- 6]. The activity of such metal alloys for the hydrogen evolution reaction depends on at l…     

用含KBH_4碱液处理改善MINi_(3.7)Co_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3)贮氢合金电极的动力学性能

研究了用表面改性处理对ＭＩＮｉ３．７Ｃｏ０．６Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金电极动力学性能的影响．结果表明：用含 ＫＢＨ４碱液处理合金粉末可有效地提高氢化物电极的高倍率放电能力 ＨＲＤ,交换电流密度Ｉ０,极限电流密度ＩＬ和α相中氢的扩散系数Ｄ等各项动力学性能,而且ＫＢＨ４的浓度越高（＜０．０３ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,动力学性能提高得也越大当碱液中所含 ＫＢＨ。浓度相同时氢在相中的扩散系数Ｄ的增加要小于交换电流密度Ｉ０的增加． ＫＢＨ４碱液处理对 ＭＩＮｉ３．７Ｃｏ０．６Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金电极动力学性能的改善导致合金电极的阴、阳极极化明显减小     

锌在KOH溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

用电化学方法研究了锌在浓ＫＯＨ溶液中的电化学行为，得出了锌在浓碱液中的电化学反应机理。利用弱极化曲线拟合法得出了锌的腐蚀速度与ＫＯＨ浓度的关系。     

低合金钢在海水中氧浓差腐蚀电流的计算

在本文中推导和验证了低合金钢在海水中的氧浓差腐蚀方程。方程表明,在电池的阴极和阳极上,铁的阳极极化过电位差值,是影响氧浓差腐蚀过程的重要因素。随着过电位差值的增大,氧浓差电流从小变大而到达极限值。同时氧浓差电流密度的对数值与阴、阳极面积比的对数值关系也从曲线转为直线。根据方程判断,氧浓差电池使低合金钢在海水中发生局部腐蚀的必要条件是:铁在阴极和阳极上的阳极极化过电位差值必须大于铁在阳极和阴极上平衡电位的差值。     

The hydrogen evolution reaction on iron corroded in dilute and very dilute solutions of sulfuric acid

Permeation transients for hydrogen, generated by corrosion of iron in dilute solutions of sulfuric acid, were recorded with an improved electrochemical permeation apparatus.The mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reactions is coupled discharge hydrogen recombination for all methods of hydrogen generation, low current anodic polarization, cathodic polarization and corrosion.The experimental hydrogen transient was compared with that predicted theoretically.It is concluded that electrochemical hydrogen permeation is a sensitive tool for investigating processes on metal surfaces which are of engineering importance.     

重铬酸根与磁场对铁在硫酸溶液中阳极极化行为的影响

采用动电位极化曲线法研究了外加磁场及不同浓度重铬酸根对Fe在0．5mol/L H2SO4溶液中阳极极化行为的影响,结果表明：浓度≤0．02mol/L的重铬酸根不改变阳极极化曲线的构型;重铬酸根浓度≥0.05mol/L时,阳极极化曲线上出现传质控制特征的斜率突变转折段,并且随重铬酸根浓度增大,斜率转折段在更负的电位、更小的电流密度下出现,外加磁场后,不同阳极电位区间内会表现出电流变小、不变及增大的现象,这与相应电位下阴、阳极反应贡献的相对大小以及各自的控制步骤类型有关,考虑阳极过程中可能发生的活性溶解、表面膜生成及表面膜溶解反应,以及极反应的影响,主要考虑磁场对阴、阳极反应中传质过程的作用,得出了外加磁场作用下的极化曲线模型,该模型较好地说明了磁场对不同电位区电流密度产生不同影响的实验事定。     

Pb-Co阳极在含氯硫酸电解液中的电化学行为

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同Co含量(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,质量分数)的Pb-Co阳极,并与传统的Pb-Ca-Sn阳极进行了对比试验。通过电化学测试研究了阳极在160 g/L H₂SO₄、500 mg/L Cl^-电解液中的电化学行为,研究了恒电流极化72 h后阳极氧化层的物相组成、表面形貌和元素分布。随着Co含量的增加,Pb-Co阳极的电位、电荷传递电阻和析氧过电位逐渐降低。恒电流极化72 h后,Pb-2%Co阳极的析氧过电位比Pb-Ca-Sn阳极低101 mV。此外,在Cl-的存在下,电荷传递得到改善,析氧反应受到抑制,阳极氧化层恶化。     

The surface characteristics of P/M high-speed steel (ASP 23) multi-cut with wire electrical discharge machine (WEDM)

High-speed steel (ASP 23), which was made by powder-metallurgy (P/M) process and widely used as the material for IC-packaging mold was subjected to multi-cutting with wire electrical discharge machine (WEDM) by using a brass wire electrode. Before WEDM, the steel was quenched at 1180 °C and then three-times tempered at 560 °C to acquire suitable mechanical properties. The cut surface was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed with anodic polarization measurement in 1 M CH₃COOH. The results show that surface alloying between the steel and wire electrode materials was observed in the recast layer; meanwhile, martensitic transformation can be found. Surface alloying and phase transformation of the cut surface can be characterized with their anodic polarization curves measured in 1 M CH₃COOH. An obvious passive current can be detected in the martensitic structure by anodic polarization curve in higher overpotential, while such passive current did not occur in the tempered structure. A wide potential range corresponding to the potential range of passive current and higher breakdown potential of the anodic polarization curve was found on the cut surface after WEDM. This effect was caused by surface alloying in the recast layer and martensitic transformation in the workpiece adjacent to the cut surface.     

含H2S的硫酸溶液中Cl^—对铁阳极溶解的影响

应用电化学动电位扫描方法研究了在含低浓度Ｈ２Ｓ的硫酸溶液中Ｃｌ＾－对铁阳极溶解的影响。采用量子化学计算方法,得到了Ｃｌ＾－与ＨＳ＾－在电极表面吸附的稳定形态,优化计算了阳极电位下Ｃｌ＾－与ＨＳ＾－竞争吸附的总能量,结合能和Ｆｅ原子净电荷分布。     

碳钢在含硫化氢及高压二氧化碳饱和的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用自制的高温、高压腐蚀试验及电化学测试装置,通过失重法、电化学极化曲线法及电子探针微观分析等方法,研究了温度、硫化氢浓度对碳钢在高压二氧化碳饱和的39％NaCl溶液中腐蚀的影响．结果表明较低温度(80℃)下,升高温度及增大硫化氢浓度均加速腐蚀反应的阴、阳极过程,失重腐蚀速率增大;高浓度的硫化氢抑制了腐蚀反应的阴极过程;120℃时碳钢CO2腐蚀产物膜对金属基体起很好的保护作用,失重腐蚀速率减小了3～4倍,随硫化氢浓度的增大,失重腐蚀速率缓慢增长,腐蚀产物FeCO3膜逐渐转变为以硫铁化合物为主的腐蚀产物膜．     

恒电位阳极氧化对锆合金表面钝化膜的影响

采用动电位扫描极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线等电化学测试方法,研究了在室温0.1 M Na_2SO_4溶液条件下,不同极化电位对锆合金钝化膜性能的影响。结果表明,锆合金表面钝化膜表现出n型半导体性质,随着极化电位的增加,锆合金钝化膜缺陷密度下降,半导体性质减弱,阻抗值增大。阻抗谱可以用RQ并联后与溶液电阻Rs串联的等效电路来拟合。在相同的极化电位下,含Nb的N18合金表面钝化膜的缺陷密度要小于出厂退火态Zr-4合金。     

X80管线钢在NaHCO_3溶液中的阳极电化学行为

采用动电位极化曲线、动电位电化学阻抗谱(DEIS)和SEM研究了X80管线钢在NaHCO_3溶液中的阳极电化学行为,结果表明:随着HCO_3~-浓度增加,X80管线钢腐蚀速率呈现先增加、后减小的趋势,X80管线钢钝化的临界HCO_3~-浓度为0.009 mol/L.随着HCO_3~-浓度增加,极化曲线阳极电流峰发生变化,当HCO_3~-浓度低于0.009 mol/L时,无阳极电流峰;当浓度在0.009—0.05 mol/L时,有一个阳极电流峰;当浓度增加到0.1 mol/L时,出现两个明显的阳极电流峰,且第1峰与第2峰的峰值电流比随浓度的增大而逐渐增大,DEIS结果与动电位极化曲线完全对应,二者相结合可以很好地研究在不同电位下NaHCO_3溶液中X80管线钢的腐蚀行为,同时对其腐蚀产物和腐蚀机理进行了分析。     

Effects of Adding Sodium and Ethanol Inhibitor on Inhibiting H2 Evolution of Lithium Anode

在30℃的4mol/LLiOH电解质溶液中,通过测量锂负极的自腐蚀析氢速率、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱及电位-时间曲线,研究了Na作为合金元素及乙醇作为添加剂对锂负极的共同抑制自腐蚀析氢作用。结果表明:合金元素Na及乙醇对阴阳极反应都起到了抑制作用,但是单一添加合金元素Na或者乙醇缓蚀剂对锂负极的抑氢作用不大,而当共同添加合金元素Na及乙醇时对锂负极的抑氢效率提高明显,缓蚀率超过了80%。另外,单独添加合金元素Na时,锂负极的放电性能极不稳定,而溶液中添加乙醇后有利于提高锂负极的放电稳定性。XRD结果表明,钠与锂形成了比较理想的固溶体。     

Effects of Mm(NiCoAlMn)_5 hydrogen storage alloy coated with Ni-Co-P alloy by electroless plating on electrochemical properties of hydride electrodes

1　INTRODUCTIONNickel metalhydride (MH Ni)rechargeablebatterieswithhydrogenstoragealloysasthenegativeelectrodematerialhaveattractedincreasingattentionsbecauseofseveralinherentadvantages[16 ] .Sofar ,manymulti component,mischmetal based ,hydro gen storagealloyshavebeendevelopedtomeetthere quirementofhighcyclinglife ;theseincludesubstitu tionofthenickelbyMn ,CoandAl[7] .Thecomposi tionofthealloyisimportant ,andtheeffectsofsur facecompositionandmorphologyarealsosignificant.Micro encapsulat…     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in a near‐neutral pH solution

In this work, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a near‐neutral pH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIC) and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) measurements as well as X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The effects of hydrogen‐charging and stress were considered. The results show that the steel is in an active dissolution state, and a layer of corrosion product is formed and deposited on the electrode surface, which is subjected to further oxidation to form ferric oxide and hydroxide. Photo‐illumination enhances anodic dissolution of the steel when it is under anodic polarization due to destroying of the corrosion product film. When the steel is under cathodic polarization, the cathodic current density decreases upon laser illumination due to the photo‐oxidation of hydrogen atoms generated during cathodic reactions, which behaves as an anodic reaction to offset the cathodic current density. Hydrogen‐charging and stress decrease the corrosion resistance of the steel and enhance the dissolution rate of the steel.     

三聚磷酸铝在水性乳胶涂层中的防锈机理研究

实验、动态恒电位极化曲线和腐蚀电位测量等电化学技术,研究了三聚磷酸铝在水性乳胶涂层中的防锈机理.结果表明,三聚磷酸铝的加入,能显著提高涂层的阳极极化度,使其阳极腐蚀过程受到明显阻滞,是一种阳极缓蚀剂;涂膜中三聚磷酸铝的扩散和反应需要一定的时间,其后期缓蚀作用显著;本文研制的水性防锈乳胶涂料中,用三聚磷酸铝代替常用的锌铬黄颜料,能提高涂层的耐蚀性.     

钽在硫酸氢根离子无水乙醇溶液中的电化学行为

采用动电位极化、循环伏安、电流暂态和阻抗等技术研究钽在四丁基硫酸氢铵（TBAHS）乙醇溶液中的电化学行为。研究结果表明：循环伏安曲线中没有活化-钝化转变,阳极电流密度随溶液温度、TBAHS浓度、电位扫描速率和水含量增加而增加;表观活化能为43.389kJ/mol,溶解过程为扩散控制。恒电位测试结果表明,当电位较低时,电流密度逐渐降至一稳定值;当电位高于某一值时,电流密度最初下降至一最小值然后逐渐增加。钝化膜电阻随电位升高而减小,当电位高于2.0V时,出现感抗弧。     

Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Incoloy 800 in sulphate solutions containing hydrogen peroxide

The aim of this study is to evaluate the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Incoloy 800 in sulphate solutions containing H₂O₂ in the temperature range of 25–80 °C. The open circuit potential measurements, cathodic and anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the corrosion behaviour. The results provide kinetic data for reduction of hydrogen peroxide on Pt surface. The anodic polarization curves for Incoloy at different pH, temperature and H₂O₂ concentration are presented. EIS data generally confirm the polarization interpretations about the effects of various parameters. An equivalent circuit was used to fit all the acquired data.