ZrO2填充PI/EP–PTFE固体润滑涂层的制备及其摩擦学性能

目的 提高发动机铝合金轴瓦在温升的油润滑甚至干摩擦工况下的摩擦磨损性能。方法 设计4种不同添加量的ZrO2填充PI/EP–PTFE涂层材料,采用液体喷涂工艺在A370铝合金基体表面制备涂层。通过摩擦磨损试验、纳米压痕试验、形貌特征及元素分布等测试试验,研究涂层在不同温度及不同润滑方式下的摩擦磨损性能。结果 涂层的硬度随ZrO2添加量的增加呈先增后减的趋势。在室温干摩擦工况下,涂层磨损率随ZrO2添加量的增加呈先减后增的趋势。当ZrO2添加量超过8%时,涂层进入动态平衡阶段的时间变长。4%ZrO2添加量的涂层性能最佳,室温干摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.09和1.01×10^?6mm³/(N.m)。随着温度增加,摩擦因数呈先增后减的趋势,磨损率呈逐渐上升趋势。当ZrO2质量分数小于4%时,室温工况下涂层以黏着磨损为主;当添加量高于8%时,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。随着温度增加,涂层犁沟和磨损坑道更加明显。在油润滑工况下,摩擦因数和磨损量进一步减小。8 h油润滑和30 min干摩擦试验后,涂层出现磨痕深度高度相近,宽度不同现象。结论 在温升和不同摩擦接触状态下,涂层中高分子材料和ZrO2软化程度不均匀、大颗粒材料团聚、润滑油黏温特性是导致上述摩擦磨损变化的主要原因。     

摩擦频率对Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层摩擦学性能的影响

通过热喷涂在AZ31B表面制备了Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层,分析了摩擦频率对涂层在干湿两种环境下摩擦性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD分析涂层形貌和物相;通过腐蚀磨损试验仪测试涂层的开路电位和摩擦因数;并用超景深三维显微镜测试涂层磨痕的截面轮廓和磨损体积。结果表明,在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,涂层的开路电位随摩擦频率的增大而降低。涂层在两种环境下的摩擦因数均随频率的增大而减小,而磨损率却随频率的增大而增大;涂层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的摩擦因数和磨损率均小于干摩擦条件下的。涂层在干摩擦条件下的磨痕随频率的增大,剥落现象越来越明显;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,涂层磨痕表面较光滑,随频率的增大,出现少量的剥落坑。     

等离子喷涂制备WC-Co-Cu-BaF_2/CaF_2自润滑耐磨涂层及其高温摩擦性能

通过大气等离子喷涂方法,使用自制的含有WC-Co、Cu和BaF2/CaF2共晶体的复合喷涂粉末,制备出WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层。在200℃、400℃和600℃下进行WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层和WC-Co涂层的高温摩擦试验,用扫描电镜观察涂层磨损表面微观形貌。结果表明:200℃时,由于WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层摩擦产物层中含有的WC硬质颗粒引起磨粒磨损,该涂层摩擦因数和磨损率相对较高。而400℃和600℃时,WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层的摩擦产物层中均无WC颗粒存在,且由于涂层中Cu和BaF2/CaF2等固体润滑剂的作用,生成的摩擦产物层光滑且致密,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均较低,在400～600℃下表现出比WC-Co涂层优异的耐磨性能。     

等离子喷涂制备WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层及其高温摩擦性能

通过大气等离子喷涂方法,使用自制的含有WC-Co、Cu和BaF2/CaF2共晶体的复合喷涂粉末,制备出WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层。在200℃、400℃和600℃下进行WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层和WC-Co涂层的高温摩擦试验,用扫描电镜观察涂层磨损表面微观形貌。结果表明:200℃时,由于WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层摩擦产物层中含有的WC硬质颗粒引起磨粒磨损,该涂层摩擦因数和磨损率相对较高。而400℃和600℃时,WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层的摩擦产物层中均无WC颗粒存在,且由于涂层中Cu和BaF2/CaF2等固体润滑剂的作用,生成的摩擦产物层光滑且致密,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均较低,在400～600℃下表现出比WC-Co涂层优异的耐磨性能。     

石墨/CaF2/TiC协同改善镍基合金喷涂层的摩擦磨损行为与机理（英文）

为了降低机械零件在强烈摩擦磨损条件下的摩擦因数,提高其耐磨性,制备了等离子喷涂石墨/CaF2/TiC/镍基合金复合涂层,研究其摩擦学行为及机理。结果表明,石墨/CaF2/TiC/镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦因数为0.22~0.288,较纯镍基合金涂层的降低了25.9%~53%,磨损率较之降低18.6%~70.1%。与GCr15钢球对摩时,复合涂层的磨损表面逐渐形成了由铁氧化物、石墨和CaF2组成的转移层,使GCr15钢球与复合涂层的摩擦转变为钢球与转移层的摩擦。由于转移层起到固体润滑作用,复合涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率大幅度降低。复合涂层的主要磨损机理是转移层在载荷的反复作用下而产生的层脱剥落。     

GO-TiO2对磷酸盐粘结涂层耐磨损性能的影响

目的 提高磷酸盐粘结涂层的耐磨损性能.方法 以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为纽带,制备氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛复合材料(GO-TiO2),并作为增强相加入涂层中.通过SEM和FTIR,对GO-TiO2的微观结构和官能团进行表征,采用维氏硬度计对涂层显微硬度进行测量,利用摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的摩擦学行为,采用白光干涉仪和SEM对涂层磨痕微观结构进行表征.结果 二氧化钛和氧化石墨烯通过化学键连接在一起,且由于二氧化钛的存在,氧化石墨烯表面变得粗糙,从而加强机械啮合作用,提高了涂层其他组分与氧化石墨烯的界面结合力.随着GO-TiO2的加入,涂层的显微硬度增加.未添加GO-TiO2涂层的显微硬度为207.4HV0.3,添加1.0％(质量分数)GO-TiO2时,涂层的显微硬度增加至260.4 HV0.3.涂层的摩擦因数随着GO-TiO2的加入稍微降低,而涂层的耐磨损性能显著增加.未添加GO-TiO2涂层的摩擦因数为0.51左右,磨损率为2.17×10–4 mm3/(N·m),当添加1.0％GO-TiO2时,涂层摩擦因数和磨损率分别降低至0.45和0.51×10–4 mm3/(N·m).结论 涂层磨损主要是由脆性剥落引起的,而且GO-TiO2的添加并未改变涂层磨损机制.GO-TiO2通过抑制裂纹的拓展,提高了涂层的耐磨损性能.     

TD3钛合金离子渗氮层的摩擦磨损性能

采用等离子表面渗氮技术对TD3合金进行渗氮处理,并对渗氮层显微组织、相组成及硬度进行检测。对渗氮前后TD3合金分别进行常温(25 ℃)及600 ℃的摩擦磨损试验,分析摩擦温度对其摩擦因数、磨痕形貌及磨损率的影响;结果表明,离子渗氮处理后TD3合金表面形成一定厚度的氮化物层,氮化物层在降低摩擦因数的同时,显著降低了TD3合金的磨损率,温度由25 ℃升至600 ℃时,磨痕形貌变化较大,摩擦因数及磨损率也有一定幅度的增加。     

水环境中等离子喷涂纳米/微米喂料Al2O3/TiO2涂层的摩擦学行为

利用纳米结构和常规喂料用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了Al2O3/TiO2涂层,研究了水环境中两种涂层与不锈钢对磨时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：水环境中,两种涂层摩擦因数变化不大,但是纳米喂料涂层耐磨性能明显优于常规涂层,同时其对偶的磨损率仅为常规涂层对偶磨损率的1/3～1/5,磨损率随载荷的增加不断增加.讨论了水环境中两种涂层的磨损机制.     

沉积功率对Ce-Ti/MoS2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 探究Ce-Ti合金靶功率对MoS2基涂层摩擦学性能的影响,制备干摩擦性能优异的MoS2基复合涂层。方法 采用直流与射频双靶非平衡共溅射技术,通过调节Ce-Ti(1∶1)靶功率控制涂层掺杂元素含量。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等多种测试手段,分析合金靶功率对Ce-Ti/MoS2涂层微观组织、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响。结果 随着掺杂金属功率提升,MoS2基涂层由明显的晶体结构变为类似非晶结构;表面由纯MoS2的蠕虫状逐渐转化为细小团聚形貌,在达到90 W功率后团聚尺寸又逐渐粗大。当Ce-Ti靶(Ce的原子数分数为2.32%;Ti的原子数分数为7.21%)沉积功率达到70 W时,致密程度显著提高,由无掺杂多孔柱状晶变为细密柱状生长结构,纳米硬度达7.85 GPa,并明显改善了氧化现象。在摩擦磨损方面,70 W功率下磨痕呈微量的磨粒磨损,平均摩擦因数低至0.073,磨损率减少至9.42× 10^–8 mm³ N^–1m^–1。对偶钢球形成转移膜,有效减少摩擦过程剪切力。70 W条件下转移膜面积最小,且摩擦时磨痕处重组生成MoS2结构,显著减少材料的摩擦因数与磨损率。结论 磁控溅射Ce-Ti掺杂MoS2基涂层提升了涂层致密程度与摩擦磨损性能,在功率达到70 W时达到最优综合性能,涂层的摩擦因数与磨损率也因形成高质量转移膜而显著降低。     

非晶碳涂层在不同环境下的摩擦磨损行为研究

采用多源磁控溅射物理气相沉积法在单晶硅表面制备梯度变化的非晶碳涂层（类金刚石薄膜），通过调整工艺参数获得厚度在1～2μm的非晶碳涂层；采用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机探讨了非晶碳涂层在干燥空气、水润滑和油润滑环境下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：非晶碳涂层的摩擦因数基本保持在0．1左右，摩擦环境的变化对涂层的磨损率影响较大；非晶碳涂层在水润滑环境中的磨损率在10^-7mm^3/Nm数量级；在干燥空气摩擦环境中具有稳定的耐磨损性能，磨损率在10^-9mm^3/Nm数量级；特别在油润滑的环境下，非晶碳涂层的耐磨损性能更加优异。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis