某大型框架式铝合金铸件工艺改进

分析了某大型框架式铝合金铸件气孔、夹渣、裂纹、缩松、针孔等铸造缺陷产生的原因,从浇注系统设计、过虑网、局部冷铁等方面着手,对铸件工艺方案进行了优化改进.实践表明,效果明显,铸件气孔、夹渣、裂纹、缩松、针孔等铸造缺陷得到了有效的控制,显著提高了铸件的合格率.     

套筒类铸铁件卧浇爬芯单边浇冒口工艺

应用均衡凝固补缩技术,将立浇上雨淋浇口改为卧浇单边顶注浇注系统,消除了套筒类铸件的缩孔、缩松、夹渣、气孔等缺陷,成品率由50%～80%提高到97%以上.实践证明,卧浇"顶注优先冒口靠边"是解决套筒类铸件缩孔、缩松、渣气孔等缺陷的有效途径之一.     

球墨铸铁气焊工艺探讨

球墨铸铁因其铸造性能差,常产生缩孔、缩松、夹渣、石墨漂浮、皮下气孔以及球化衰退等缺陷[1,2],其中缩孔、缩松和夹渣缺陷往往是球墨铸铁件的致命缺陷,相当一部分铸件因为局部位置的缺陷而报废.公司现有的球墨铸铁气焊材料为401焊丝和402焊丝,大部分焊接后有色差要求的球墨铸铁件不能挽救.本文通过对球墨铸铁件气焊焊材的选择和工艺探讨,以期能够对缺陷铸件挽救工程提供帮助.     

制动鼓铸件缩松、渣眼及气孔缺陷的防止措施

根据铸件的结构和技术要求,对原铸造工艺所产生的缩松、渣眼及气孔缺陷进行了分析,并对铸造工艺进行了改进.最后通过改进浇注系统,使铁液旋转,从而使铁液同时凝固,避免局部过热,消除了缩松缺陷;通过设置挡渣槽和过滤网,消除了渣眼和气孔缺陷,使铸件合格率由30％～40％提高到90％以上.     

垂直线生产的可锻铸铁管件缺陷改进措施

针对垂直线生产可锻铸铁管件出现的较严重的气孔、夹渣、缩松缺陷,分析缺陷产生原因,并通过优化浇注系统、排气方式及增设集渣包等改进措施实施,解决了可锻铸铁管件气孔、夹渣、缩松缺陷。     

一种高磅级阀体的铸造缺陷分析与工艺优化

分析了一种高磅级阀体夹渣、气孔、缩松缺陷产生的原因,从凝固补缩、充型速度、浇注系统设计三方面制定优化工艺方案;采用模拟软件对新工艺方案进行模拟验证后,再进行生产试验,试验铸件通过RT检测未发现内部缺陷超标。     

WD615柴油机气缸盖工艺改进与质量控制

通过对铸造工艺进行改进,使柴油机气缸盖铸件的气孔、缩松、缩孔、夹渣、夹砂、渗漏等缺陷大幅度减少,铸件的质量得到了较大提升,提高了生产效率,降低了铸造成本,同时也较好地保证了柴油机的整机性能.     

铝合金壳体铸件翻转浇注工艺研究

翻转浇注是重力浇注的一种特殊形式,它有许多优点,有利于解决复杂铸件浇注过程产生的缩孔、缩松、气孔、夹杂等铸造缺陷.对航空用铝合金壳体铸件的浇注工艺进行了研究,分析了传统重力底注铝合金壳体铸造缺陷的原因,提出了翻转浇注工艺并进行了改进.结果表明,改进后的工艺使铝合金壳体铸件的合格率增至90％,获得了无夹渣和气孔的铸件.     

环形凹槽类铸件铸造工艺

介绍环形凹槽类精铸件特征,结合生产过程中存在的缺陷,如黑点、氧化夹渣、气孔、缩松、脱层等。通过对工艺的不断完善,最终铸件质量满足客户要求。同时在制壳过程中使用白刚玉砂,降低铸件生产成本。     

CU5MCuC镍基合金止回阀体铸造工艺的探讨

介绍了CU5MCuC止回阀体铸件的工艺过程.结合模拟软件分析了产生缩松、夹渣缺陷的原因.认为镍基合金铸件在冷却过程中散热性能差,铸件壁厚大易产生中心线缩松.通过降低流速确保金属液平稳,增加冷铁数量保证顺序凝固,并严格控制生产过程得到合格铸件.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.