微合金化元素对离心铸造炉管焊接接头组织和性能影响

针对添加Ti,W等微合金化元素的离心铸造炉管焊接接头,研究了微合金元素对焊接接头组织和力学性能影响规律及作用机理.结果表明.在1 050℃、14~25 MPa条件下,使用Ti和W元素微合金化的25Cr35NiNb和35Cr45NiNb炉管焊接接头高温性能显著高于未微合金化焊接接头.微合金元素Ti显著影响炉管焊接接头组织,Ti元素含量高的焊接接头原始焊态组织中含NbTiC,经过高温时效后,组织中含铌相主要为NbTiC,在蠕变空洞周围局部转变为G相（Ni16Nb6Si7）;Ti元素含量低的焊接接头原始焊态组织中含NbTiC和NbC,经过高温时效后全部转变为G相.微合金元素W主要通过固溶强化的方式,提高炉管焊接接头的高温性能.     

制氢转化炉炉管老化机理与焊接修复研究进展

制氢转化炉作为石化装置关键静设备,由于服役条件复杂,在服役过程中炉管常常发生失效。以典型炉管材料为对象,结合炉管材料的金相组织与焊接性能,对材料的老化机理以及焊接修复技术的研究成果和发展现状进行了总结梳理,重点介绍了炉管材料金相组织的演变过程及其对焊接性能的影响、常用焊接方法、异种钢焊接工艺和性能恢复技术的研究情况,最后归纳了炉管材料焊接修复面临的主要问题及解决方法。     

利旧HK40钢炉管与Cr5Mo钢弯头的焊接

通过分析HK40钢的组织和焊接性能,特别是在高温服役6万h以后的组织变化,再结合CrSMo钢的焊接性能,制定了焊接旧炉管HK40与CrSMo弯头的方法和工艺,经过2次对比试验,确定了具体的焊接施工方案.按照该方案施工,节约了新炉管,旧炉管得到重新利用,提高了炼油厂焦化炉的运转周期和经济效益.     

HP45NbTi高温合金炉管的焊接

分析了HP45NoTi高温合金炉管的焊接性,采用NiR82镍基焊丝手工钨极氩弧焊打底、25-35Nb焊丝填充并盖面的焊接工艺,焊接了外径125 mm、壁厚11mm的离心铸造HP45NbTi高温合金炉管对接接头,获得了常温和高温下都满足使用要求的焊接接头,并分析了焊接前后组织的分布情况.     

Manurite900高温合金长期服役后的性能及其热处理修复

通过宏观和微观组织、硬度、常温冲击性能、力学性能测试与观察,对服役6万多小时的Manurite900高温合金炉管进行了分析.结果表明,Manurite900高温合金长期服役后的组织由骨架状共晶碳化物转变为网链状,二次碳化物长大粗化,合金性能严重下降.对服役炉管材进行了固溶热处理修复后,合金组织发生转变,一次碳化物呈骨干状,二次碳化物变得细小且弥散分布,炉管材力学性能显著上升,接近于新炉管材料性能.     

焊接热输入对25Cr35NiNb+微合金炉管焊接接头性能的影响

选用6组焊接热输入对25Cr35NiNb+微合金材质的乙烯裂解炉炉管进行焊接,研究各组焊接热输入对应的焊缝组织和焊接接头高温持久性能。结果表明:在试验温度1 050℃、试验应力25 MPa的条件下,焊接热输入为9 kJ/cm、11 kJ/cm时,高温持久断裂时间分别为132 h、119 h;焊接热输入为6、8、12、16 kJ/cm时,高温持久断裂时间分别为78 h、84 h、105 h、109 h;热输入为9～11 kJ/cm的25Cr35NiNb+微合金炉管焊接接头能够获得较长的高温持久断裂时间。微观组织观察发现,不同的焊接热输入下焊缝金属的微观组织形貌存在明显差异,是造成焊接接头的高温持久性能变化的主要原因。     

HP40钢炉管的焊接工艺

通过理论和实际应用分析HP40钢炉管的焊接性,并通过试验对HP40钢炉管焊接工艺进行研究。试验设计了氩-电联焊和氩弧焊2种焊接方法,焊接接头的整体性能表现较好,并分析了高温预热条件下焊接接头金相组织。为裂纹产生机理和现场返修工艺研究打下基础,为工艺人员制定HP40炉管焊接工艺提供理论参考。     

乙烯裂解炉管焊接接头鼓胀高温寿命研究及失效分析

在高温服役过程中,炉管及焊接接头等工作部分会出现鼓胀问题。通过蠕变试验和有限元数值模拟技术,对比分析了鼓胀对炉管长期服役寿命的影响,同时通过对炉管的化学成分、金相及抗拉强度进行分析得到其差异的原因。通过对鼓胀和未鼓胀试样进行服役温度下的单轴蠕变试验,得到蠕变曲线,通过数据拟合得到改进K-R本构模型的材料损伤参数;利用有限元方法进行了蠕变损伤分析和寿命预测。2种试样的化学成分分析和拉伸性能分析表明材质不合格为其失效的主要原因之一;利用SEM对组织进行分析,发现炉管在高温下服役会发生渗碳,造成局部温度过高,导致材料的耐高温能力下降造成鼓胀,最终导致材料的失效。     

一种新型镍基耐蚀合金焊接接头的组织与力学性能

测试一种新型镍基耐蚀合金(X-2#)手工氩弧焊接接头的拉伸性能和硬度,并结合OM,SEM和EDS等技术研究焊接接头的组织和性能.结果表明,X-2#合金焊接接头焊缝区为铸态组织,熔合区从基体到焊缝金属组织过渡良好,热影响区没有晶粒明显粗化现象,母材晶粒尺寸约为65 mm,有利于接头的焊接.新合金焊缝区的Vickers硬度小于基体,但焊缝重熔区的硬度由于等轴晶数量增多而变大.合金中W和Mo等固溶强化元素及Al和Ti沉淀强化元素使X-2#合金焊接接头具有较好的高温强度及热稳定性.合金焊接接头室温与高温下的抗拉强度均低于母材,焊接系数η大于88%,焊缝区为接头最薄弱环节,拉伸断口均为韧性断口,断裂机制为正断与剪切断的混合断裂.     

SMA490BW耐候钢激光-电弧复合焊接接头性能

高速列车转向架服役环境复杂,易受到大气腐蚀,通常使用耐候钢作为转向架材料。SMA490BW耐候钢以普通碳素钢为基础,添加了耐大气腐蚀的Cu、P、Cr、Ni等元素,具备较好的耐腐蚀性。采用激光-MAG复合焊及MAG焊,针对SMA490BW接头性能、微观组织及合金元素波动进行研究。结果表明,复合焊接头组织核力学性能优于MAG焊接接头,且合金元素成分波动较小,在转向架焊接中可实现对MAG焊接工艺的替代和优化。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

A Concordant Shift Model for Flow in Bulk Metallic Glasses

The homogeneous plastic flow in bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) must be elucidated by an appropriate atomistic mechanism. It is proposed that a so-called concordant shifting model, based on rearrangements of five-atom subclusters,can describe the plastic strain behaviour of BMGs in a temperature range from room temperature to the supercooled liquid region. To confirm the effectiveness of the atomic concordant shifting model, a comparative investigation between the vacancy/atom model and the concordant shifting model is carried out based on the estimation of the strain rate deduced from two models. Our findings suggest that the atomic concordant shifting model rather than the vacancy/atom exchange model can well predict the large strain rate in the superplasticity of BMGs.