Separating iterative solution model of generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares for data processing in building of digital earth

1　INTRODUCTIONDataincludingspatialdataandattributiondata ,geometricaldataandphysicaldata ,arebasesforbuildingofthedigitalearth .Toaccuratelyandvisuallyexpresstheearthwiththesedata ,theyshouldfirstlybeprocessed .Atpresent ,theclassicalcommonleastsquaresmethodisusedtoprocessthesedata ,butthesedatacomingfromdifferentsourceshavedifferentcharacteristics ,temporalstatesandaccuracies.Relationsbetweendataarealmostnonlinear .Soparameterestimationmodelsinthedataprocessingarealmostcomplexnonlinearf…     

压铸机合模力传感器非线性动态补偿的研究

合模力传感器作为压铸机监测的主要传感器之一,非线性动态影响到它的测量准确度和测量范围,从而不利于标准生产。针对这一问题,采用最小二乘支持向量机非线性动态方法对传感器进行补偿,并对算法予以改进。通过仿真试验加以比较,试验结果表明,改进最小二乘支持向量机非线性动态补偿传感器测量准确性及测量范围大大提高,对促进生产有积极的作用。     

融合信赖域的SLAM后端优化算法

针对即时定位与地图构建(SLAM)系统如何在有限的计算资源下发挥出更优秀的实时性能这一问题,提出了一种融合信赖域的改进优化方法。该方法能够从正规方程矩阵的稀疏性中受益,针对大规模最小二乘求解问题,通过优化求解步骤,能够大量减小求解过程计算量,显著提升求解速度,加速后端优化进程;同时,使用并行运算加速信息矩阵拼接过程,在不损失精度的前提下,提升SLAM系统的实时性能。实验结果表明,经过该方案优化的集束调整更加适合大规模的SLAM问题,优化后的系统迭代求解速度提升了近30.12%,实时性能表现更佳。     

OFDM放大转发双向中继系统的自适应信道评估方案

为了提高信道频谱效率和放大转发双向中继信道估计的精确度，提出了一种低复杂度的双向中继网络自适应信道估计算法。双向中继网络采用正交频分多路复用技术（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM）调制技术。该算法通过构建阵列块，结合多通道二维递归最小二乘方法来实现自适应滤波器。相比传统二维递归最小二乘方法，该自适应滤波器的计算复杂度更低。研究分析和Matlab仿真结果显示相比传统算法，提出算法的均方误差性能有所改善，具有较高的信道估计精确度。     

基于核偏最小二乘法的动态预测模型在铜转炉吹炼中的应用

为实现铜转炉吹炼过程中的关键操作参数的准确预测,构造一种基于核偏最小二乘法的动态预测模型,并提出一种适用于动态建模的在线式异常样本剔除方法。该动态预测模型使用滑动窗方法不断更新建模数据,再利用核偏最小二乘法对动态模型的参数进行辨识,最后根据反馈的前次计算误差对本次预测值进行修正。仿真研究结果表明：该动态预估模型具有较好的泛化能力和较强的鲁棒性,并具有较好预测精度（风量预测的相对均方根误差小于10%,氧量预测的相对均方根误差小于19%）。目前,该预测模型被用于某转炉的吹炼辅助决策系统中。     

基于LSSVM的磨加工主动量仪圆度误差在线评定方法研究

圆度误差作为重要的几何误差指标直接影响机械零部件装配精度和使用寿命,面向智能制造的在线测量对圆度评定方法的快速性、准确性提出了更高的要求。针对在线圆度误差评定,结合磨加工主动量仪提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的最小区域评定方法。LSSVM采用误差的二范数和等式约束代替了传统支持向量机中的误差和不等式约束,将二次规划问题转化为求解线性方程,降低了计算的复杂度,有效提高了求解速度。通过对比单纯形算法、遗传算法、支持向量机和LSSVM四种算法的圆度误差评定结果,验证了基于LSSVM的圆度误差最小区域评定方法的准确性和可行性,发现它在处理庞大提取数据时的高效性,可实现磨加工主动量仪在生产过程中对圆度误差的在线评定,提高加工效率。     

基于响应面法的弹支轴承外圈的结构优化设计与实验验证

为提高弹支轴承外圈刚度设计的准确性,通过ANSYS Workbench对3种不同结构参数的外圈静刚度进行仿真分析,得到不同载荷作用下外圈最大变形量。采用最小二乘法分析载荷与变形量的线性关系,确定外圈刚度值,得到符合实际刚度需求的外圈有限元模型并进行响应面优化分析。以刚度值为优化目标,以外圈弹支梁宽度、长度和数量为设计变量,通过响应面优化对弹支轴承外圈进行分析,从而得到最优的设计参数。为确保优化结果的准确性,将最优模型重新进行有限元分析以及实验验证。将最优解的设计方案与初始设计方案对比,结果表明：在满足设计变量约束范围的前提下,最优设计解的刚度优化结果与目标误差值小于1%。由此可见,采用响应面优化提高了加工效率,缩短了设计周期,进一步提高了支承刚度的准确性。     

基于圆形分割算法的圆度误差评定

准确评定圆度误差对于提高加工精度、保证零部件的工作精度具有重要意义。针对圆度误差评定准确性不高和计算速度慢的问题，提出一种圆度误差评定算法——圆形分割算法，建立新的数学模型，并将圆形分割算法与最小包容区域法的几何判断相结合评定圆度误差。以最小二乘圆心为初始圆心，以一定半径作圆，经过迭代，搜索实时圆心的位置，然后利用相交弦的几何结构进行判断，最后得到最小包容区域圆心。该方法无需满足等间隔采样和小偏差假设。经过算法验证，对圆度误差进行评定与比较，结果表明：利用该方法评定圆度误差的结果准确性高，计算速度快，稳定性好。     

Solution model of nonlinear integral adjustment including different kinds of observing data with different precisions

1　INTRODUCTIONInthedataprocessoftheconstructionofdigitalcityanddigitalnationandthemoderndeformationmonitoring ,manykindsofmeasurementswithdifferentprecisionscontaininggeometricandphysicaldataarecaptured .Thedistribu tiontypesofthesedatacanbedividedintothenormaldistribution ,theLaplace’sdistribution ,thenormalmixeddistribu tionandsoon .Meantimetherelationsbetweentheseobservingdataandtheunknownparametersarenonlinearinmostofthecases .Sofardifferentkindsofobservingdatawithdifferentprecision…     

Overlapped peaks resolution for linear sweep polarography using Gaussian-like distribution

A resolution method based on Gaussian-like distribution for overlapped linear sweep polarographic peaks was proposed to simultaneously detect the polymetallic components, such as Zn(II) and Co(II), coexisting in the leaching solution of zinc hydrometallurgy. A Gaussian-like distribution was constructed as the sub-model of overlapped peaks by analyzing the characteristics of linear sweep polarographic curve. Then, the abscissas of each peak and trough were pinpointed through multi-resolution wavelet decomposition, the curve and its derivative curves were fitted by using nonlinear weighted least squares (NWLS). Finally, overlapped peaks were resolved into independent sub-peaks based on fitted reconstruction parameters. The experimental results show that the relative error of half-wave potential pinpointed by multi-resolution wavelet decomposition is less than 1% and the accuracy of I_p fitted by NWLS is higher than 96%. The proposed resolution method is effective for overlapped linear sweep polarographic peaks of Zn(II) and Co(II).     

基于改进贝叶斯分类的电机轴承故障诊断系统研究

针对电机轴承故障诊断模型构建时间长、准确率不高的问题，提出一种基于改进贝叶斯分类的故障诊断方法。首先通过小波包变化、粗糙集及主成分分析方法分别构造原始故障特征集、降维后的故障特征集，再将原始故障特征集和降维后的故障特征集输入到改进贝叶斯分类模型中实现故障诊断，以此为基础设计一套交流发电机轴承故障诊断系统。最后以国内车辆车载电机轴承振动数据为依据，将改进贝叶斯分类方法和神经网络及最小二乘支持向量机方法作对比分析，结果表明：改进贝叶斯分类方法建模时间更短，故障诊断准确率更高。     

Determination of weld pool shape and temperature distribution by solving three-dimensional phase change heat conduction problem

Abstract

A quasi-steady state heat conduction model considering phase change for laser welding of sheet metals is presented. The method of least squares was used to solve the governing equation in the liquid phase. The solution provides the weld pool shape and the temperature distribution in the weld pool. Results for stainless steel were compared with experimental data and fairly good agreement was obtained between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data.     

基于平差优化技术的高精度三维标定方法

为提高工业机器人、自动化校准设备等智能系统的整体精度,基于罗德里格矩阵和最小二乘法拟合建立数学模型,解决了三维直角坐标系之间转换关系的工程应用问题。采用基于冗余测量数据的平面平差优化技术和定位坐标点的间接测量方法,提升了局部坐标系建立的精度。针对坐标点接触式测量和非接触式测量的技术缺陷,提出了采用激光跟踪仪测量终端,用标定工装辅助实现间接测量的方法,能通过多点的接触式间接测量保证被测定位坐标点的精度。最后经过多次试验验证了方法的可行性。     

基于GA-LSSVR的铣削加工变形预测

为了解决传统预测方法铣削加工变形预测精度低等问题,文章提出基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法( GA-LSSVR)的铣削加工变形预测方法,首先,提出了基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法的铣削加工变形预测原理,其中通过遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归模型参数,以获取高性能的最小二乘支持向量回归模型.实验结果表明,基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法的铣削加工变形预测精度高于支持向量机.     

线性EIV模型的TLS估计及其典型应用

推导了将线性GM模型转换为变量含误差(EIV)模型并采用总体最小二乘(TLS)平差的方法,介绍了加权总体最小二乘、混合总体最小二乘和附限制条件的总体最小二乘问题及其解算方法。以经典大地测量控制网平差和数据拟合算例比较各种TLS估计的精度和计算效益。理论分析和算例表明:对于EIV模型,WTLS为最优估计,实际应用时需根据具体函数模型和随机假设选择合理的TLS平差方法。     

板厚对T2紫铜板U形弯曲回弹的影响

采用U形弯曲模对T2紫铜板进行弯曲试验,测量卸载后的弯曲角回弹量,结果表明:在板厚0.15-2.0mm的范围内随着板厚的增加,试样的弯曲角回弹量逐渐减小。为了精确描述弯曲角回弹量与板厚之间的关系,分别用最小二乘法拟合与拉格朗日插值获得两者之间的函数关系式,接着用一组弯曲角回弹量的测量值去验证两种方法的计算精度,验证结果表明:最小二乘法拟合得到的函数关系式的计算值具有更小的均方根误差,可以用来预测T2紫铜板的弯曲角回弹量,对于分析T2紫铜板的弯曲变形以及合理制定弯曲工艺具有一定的指导意义。     

Geometrical tolerances: Improved linear approximation of least squares evaluation of circularity by minimum variance

We present a new computational algorithm for the least squares evaluation of circularity of a two-dimensional (2D) circle in coordinate metrology. This algorithm takes a good geometrical approximation of the orthogonal Euclidean distance in measuring the deviational errors of sample data so that the assessment criterion of normal least squares is faithfully implemented. This algorithm provides the solution of best-fit circle in two steps; first the circle center coordinates are obtained by an eigenvalue analysis to minimize the total variance of deviational error; and then the circle radius is determined so as to minimize the mean of deviational errors. Several measurement examples are discussed to verify the robustness and goodness of the algorithm, and as a result it is concluded that the new algorithm provides improved performances as compared to existing relevant least squares algorithms.     

A new thermodynamic description of the Cu-Zr system

An optimized set of thermodynamic functions for the Cu-Zr system was obtained by the least squares method from phase diagram and thermodynamic data available in the literature. The excess Gibbs energies of the solution phases, liquid, and three terminal solid solutions, were described by the Redlich-Kister formula. All the intermediate compounds were treated as stoichiometric phases. The calculated phase diagram, as well as the thermodynamic properties vs compositions, agree well with the experimental values. The reliability of the optimized parameters was examined using μ-T plots.     

基于改进LuGre摩擦模型的机器人关节摩擦力辨识研究

机器人在精准装配时，摩擦力影响着控制精度。利用LuGre摩擦模型进行关节力矩计算时，机器人关节摩擦力具有周期性纹波误差。针对此问题提出一种改进的LuGre摩擦模型，包括LuGre摩擦模型表示的稳态摩擦力，以及与速度相关的位置依赖项。对摩擦模型进行分步辨识，利用LuGre摩擦模型的特征，对稳态摩擦力参数进行辨识，通过SVM多类分类算法、支持向量回归（SVR）和最小二乘法求解方程组，对模型中的位置依赖项进行参数辨识。实验结果表明，机器人在不同负载下运行，使用改进模型及辨识方法计算关节摩擦力矩时，误差可以降低50%以上。     

Interdiffusion in the Ni-Re System: Evaluation of Uncertainties

Diffusion couple experiments between Ni and Re at 1200 and 1350 °C were performed. These experiments established the limits of the two-phase FCC + HCP region. No intermediate phase was observed at these temperatures. Composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients and associated uncertainties were estimated by three methods. The first employed fitting of the penetration curves in conjunction with the Sauer-Freise (SF) method. The second method employed a numerical solution of the Boltzmann-Matano ordinary differential equation for composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficient functions whose parameters were optimized by a least squares fitting to the data. Discrepancies between the results of these methods indicate typical uncertainties in experimental determination of diffusion coefficients. To further assess such discrepancies, a third method was employed to perform an uncertainty quantification of the diffusion coefficients via a statistical analysis based on the SF method.