溶胶-凝胶法制备固体氧化物燃料电池复合阴极

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了中温固体氧化物燃料电池的50w/%Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.90(SDC)+50w/%(La0.85Sr0.15)0.9MnO3-8(LSM)复合阴极.阴极-电解质(SDC)界面电阻深受阴极微结构的影响用溶胶凝胶法制备的阴极具备有利于氧还原反应的微结构,包括小的粒径、高的孔隙率、高的比表面积等.而微结构又受到烧结温度的影响,界面电阻最小时的烧结温度为950℃.800℃时界面电阻为0.14Ωcm2,明显低于其他方法制备的同化学成分阴极的界面电阻.     

基于掺杂氧化铈电解质的梯度阴极的制备及其电化学性能

用硝酸盐浸渍法制备了由锰酸锶镧(LSM)、钴酸锶镧(LSC)和氧化钐掺杂氧化铈(SDC)组成的梯度阴极,确定了电极最佳烧结温度为1 000℃.与复合阴极LSM-SDC和LSC-SDC相比,梯度阴极的界面比电阻大大减小,以SDC为电解质,750℃时的比电阻仅为0.06 Ω·cm2.用交流阻抗方法考察了梯度阴极的反应机理,实验表明反应速度控制步骤随反应温度和氧分压发生显著变化.阻抗谱高频弧和低频弧所对应的电极过程,分别可能由氧的解离吸附和气体扩散所控制.结果还表明梯度阴极充分利用了LSM、LSC和SDC的优点,提高了阴极性能,有望成为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的新一代阴极材料.     

GDC电解质粉体合成及其性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了均一、单相、烧结活性高的GDC(Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9)电解质粉体.利用交流阻抗谱法测定了350℃～700℃范围内GDC烧结体离子电导率.通过多层流延制备了GDC/YSZ/NiO-YSZ(8 mol%yttria-stabilized zirconia)3层复合生坯,共烧后在GDC面丝网印刷LSCF(La0.8Sr0 2Fe0.8Co0.2O3)阴极浆料,烧结得到了表面平整、无开裂的LSCF/GDC/YSZ/NiO-YSZ 4层PEN(Positive-Electrolyte-Negative)结构.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoO3纳米材料

以La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2、Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,用EDTA络合溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoO3凝胶,在700℃、800℃、900℃煅烧,制得La0.8Sr0.2CoO3粉体.用DTA、FT-IR、XRD、SEM等手段对制备过程、热分解机理及粉体的性能进行了研究.在700℃焙烧2 h得到La0.8Sr0.2CoO3纯相纳米粉,颗粒呈球形.选取700℃焙烧2 h的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3粉体制成管状传感器,进行NO2敏感性能测试,探讨了相同NO2浓度下,传感器敏感信号与温度的关系.结果表明:纳米La0.8Sr0.2CoO3粉体在450℃时对NO2的敏感信号最大,输出的电动势信号与NO2浓度之间呈线性关系.     

La1.0Sr1.0FeO4+δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9中温固体氧化物燃料电池复合阴极材料的制备和电化学性能（英文）

利用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法合成La1.0Sr1.0FeO4+δ(LSF1010)钙钛矿材料。XRD结果表明,材料具有K2NiF4层状结构。制备La1.0Sr1.0FeO4+δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(LSF1010-SDC)复合材料,并考察了它们作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极性能。XRD结果表明:经1000℃烧结,La1.0Sr1.0FeO4+δ和SDC之间没有化滨反应发生。就LSF1010-30%SDC电极而言,SEM结果显示经1000℃烧结2h可以得到较好的电极微观结构,电极和电解质之间可以形成较好的接触。和纯LSF1010电极相比,LSF1010-SDC复合电极表现出了较好的阴极性能。尤其是LSF1010-30%SDC电极对氧还原反应拥有最好的催化活性。700℃时,在SDC电解质上,LSF1010-30%SDC电极的极化电阻为0.80Ω·cm2,和纯LSF1010电极相比,极化电阻差不多降低了5倍,在150m A·cm-2极化电流作用下,阴极过电势为?86mV。     

微波辅助溶胶凝胶法合成La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3阴极材料及性能研究

使用一种新的理想方法--微波辅助溶胶凝胶法,在35 min内快速制备了钙钛矿结构的La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3(LSCF)纳米材料;以8%Y2O3稳定化的ZrO2(YSZ)为电解质,La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3为阴极,铂电极为阳极,制备了LSCF/YSZ/Pt固体氧化物电池.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、BET和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等技术研究了La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3材料的成相过程、粉晶结构、电极/电解质微观相貌和电池电化学性能.结果发现经过1 min的微波辐射,凝胶开始分解,3 min后有钙钛矿相生成,到35 min时形成了完整的钙钛矿晶相,相应粉体的粒径和比表面积分别为22.7 nm和38.9 m2/g;在1094 K,0 mV偏置电压下电极/电解质界面电阻为0.775 Ω·cm2,活化能为2.34 eV.研究发现,偏置电压越大则活化能越低.     

纳米NiO-YSZ复合粉体原位合成及电极微结构修饰

采用氨水沉淀原位合成法制备了NiO-YSZ(Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2)复合粉体,通过XRD、FESEM研究了溶液pH值对粉体性能的影响,并用干压法和丝网印刷法将氢电极分为支撑层(500 μm)、过渡层(20 μm)和功能层(10 μm)三层进行梯度化制备,采用YSZ/SDC双层电解质,通过共烧结技术将SDC(Sc掺杂CeO_2)(6 μm)作为YSZ(4 μm)电解质和Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_(3-δ)(BSCF,20 ìm)氧电极的隔离层.结果表明,合成NiO-YSZ复合粉体的最佳pH值为8.5,粉体呈泡沫状团聚,NiO的平均晶粒粒径为13 nm,产率为94.5%.850 ℃时制备的单体SOEC在70%、80%和90% 3种水蒸气含量的氢电极气氛下,电解池在1.5 V的产氢速率分别为266、381和558 N·mL/cm~2·h.在850 ℃、90%水蒸气含量的氢电极气氛下,以0.33 A/cm~2恒流电解1 h前、后的电解电压分别为1.09和1.16 V,电解池具备较好的稳定性.     

螯合物-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体

以La(NO3)3·6H2O,Sr(NO3)2和Mn(NO3)3·6H2O为起始原料,采用螯合物-凝胶法制备出La0.8Sr0.2MnO3粉体.首先在混合盐溶液中入柠檬酸形成螯合的柠檬酸盐,然后加入单体和交联剂,在引发剂和催化剂的作用下形成湿凝胶.干燥后的前驱体为无定形的,DTA和XRD测试表明晶化温度在400℃～500℃.在500℃～1 200℃范围内煅烧,颗粒尺寸由500℃时的约38 nm 长大到1 200℃时的500 nm.     

掺杂复合稀土氧化物对W-20Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响（英文）

以偏钨酸铵和硝酸铜为原料,采用EDTA-柠檬酸法制备了含有0%～0.8%(质量分数)稀土氧化物(Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9),SDC)的W-20Cu复合粉体,所制备的复合粉体经压制成形、1250℃烧结2 h后获得SDC/W-20Cu复合材料烧结体。对所制备复合粉体进行物相、形貌的表征;研究稀土氧化物的添加对SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的密度、组织结构和物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的W-Cu复合粉体平均粒度为100～200 nm;同时,SDC的添加对烧结体的密度和电导率会有轻微的影响,但能够抑制晶粒的长大并明显改善烧结体的力学性能。经1250℃烧结后,SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的相对密度均高于97%;当SDC的添加量为0.6%时,具有最大的抗弯强度和显微硬度HV,分别是1128 MPa和3180 MPa;此外,在室温和600℃的测试条件下,其最大的抗拉强度分别可以达到580和258 MPa。     

固体氧化物燃料电池Ni/SDC阳极材料的制备与表征

采用一种改进的均相共沉淀法一缓冲溶液法合成出NiO-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9复合粉体,对其相组成和粒度进行了表征.以NiO-Ce0.8-Sm0.2O1.9复合粉体为原料制备出固体氧化物燃料电池Ni/SDC阳极材料,对其微结构和相关性能进行了测试分析,并与由机械混合NiO-SDC粉体所制备的Ni/SDC材料进行了比较.结果表明,通过缓冲溶液法合成的NiO-SDC粉体具有纳米级粒度,以其制备的Ni/SDC阳极材料比由机械混合粉体所制备Ni/SDC材料的晶粒度和孔隙更为均匀和细小,电导率也更高,且以此为阳极的SOFC单电池表现出更优异的电池性能.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis