基于正交试验闪速熔炼过程操作参数的优化

伴随着铜闪速炉产能与熔炼强度的不断提高,闪速炉反应塔内温度场、浓度场等物理场的微观信息分布特点发生了明显的变化,其反应配风之间的参数配比关系对炉内熔炼过程的影响作用更为突出。采用正交设计的方法,就闪速炉生产操作的3个主要配风参数(工艺风、分散风、中央氧)对炉内气、粒混合反应过程的影响关系进行系统仿真研究,得到基准工况条件下的操作参数优化配比方案。仿真结果表明：分散风速度对气、粒混合反应过程的影响占主导地位;在优化工况条件下,炉内熔炼过程效率进一步提高,其烟尘发生率可控制在3.2%左右,炉内氧气基本消耗完全。     

基于投影寻踪回归的铜闪速熔炼过程关键工艺指标预测

针对数据量庞大引起模型参数更新时样本选择困难及训练速度慢的缺陷,提出基于投影寻踪回归的铜闪速熔炼过程关键工艺指标预测方法。首先采用机器学习方式提取用于建模所需的相似样本集,借助投影寻踪回归思想,建立铜闪速熔炼过程关键工艺指标预测模型;然后利用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法进行模型参数的实时更新。训练样本的机器选择可以避免人工选择带来的主观性和盲目性缺陷,模型参数的更新训练只在相似样本集中进行,可有效提高模型参数更新速度。实际生产数据仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

铜闪速熔炼多相流模型化研究进展

铜闪速熔炼具有高处理量、高富氧浓度、高冶炼效率和低环境污染的优势,已在世界范围内广泛推广应用,深入研究闪速熔炼过程中的物理化学现象和原理具有重要意义。然而,闪速炉内多相流间相互作用及熔炼动力学行为受到多方面因素的共同影响,仅依靠生产经验、试验观测和理论分析难以全面解析炉内多相流传质传热过程、获取流体流动特性、揭示气固多相流相互作用规律,阻碍了闪速炉冶炼效能的进一步提升。当下计算流体力学数值模拟发展迅速,正为预测和分析闪速炉内多相流问题提供了高效、准确、直观的帮助。本文在介绍铜闪速炉结构、冶炼原理、理论模型的基础上,阐述了近年来铜闪速熔炼动力学反应机理、炉内流动特性方面模型化的研究成果及发展趋势,全面综述了铜闪速炉在喷嘴、沉淀池、上升烟道、锅炉优化方面的研究成果,为闪速炉生产优化及设计改进提供指导。     

国际镍公司90年代降低SO2排放计划

国际镍公司计划在１９９４年底将铜崖冶炼厂ＳＯ２排放量降低６０％，即降至２６５０００ｔ／ａ。为达此目标主要步骤有二：第一在熔炼前采用新的选矿工艺有效地选除磁黄铁矿。第二，用氧气闪速熔炼处理大量铜镍精矿，从而取代现有的多膛焙烧炉和反射炉。全部的铜在冰铜分离车间以含镍辉铜矿被分离出来，并进行氧气闪速熔炼而生成粗铜。本文概述了该项工程的进展和工艺流程的特点－包括闪速炉、新硫酸厂和氧气站等。     

20t/h热风除尘冲天炉熔炼工艺的优化

介绍了熔炼灰铸铁采用的20t/h热风冲天炉的主要结构,对采用3种不同产地的焦炭熔炼时的最佳底焦量、层焦量,以及供风制度、热风温度等工艺参数进行了选择和优化,最后确定为:0号焦炭最佳底焦高度为1500mm,层焦量为15%～16%;Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号焦炭最佳底焦高度为1400mm,层焦量为12%～13%,最佳供风量为260～270m3/min;热风温度为450～550℃.20t/h热风冲天炉铁液出炉温度高(高于1500℃),化学成分稳定,且炉渣中w(FeO)少,渗C率高,Si、 Mn、 Cr的烧损率低,适合于大批量连续生产.     

铜熔池自热熔炼工艺参数

通过试验研究及建立数学模型,从动态过程出发对铜熔池自热熔炼工艺参数进行了分析研究.结果表明,渣型选择SiO_2/Fe=0.80,CaO%=16,脱硫率低于80%,即冰铜品位约低于60%,既可抑制Fe_3O_4生成,又可保证高的脱硫速率;实现自热熔炼的临界鼓氧浓度随精矿含硫的增加而降低,在精矿含硫一定时,临界氧浓度随冰铜品位的增加而升高,冰铜品位为60%,精矿含硫为30%和35%,临界氧浓度分别为69%和48%;熔炼速率随鼓风强度线性增加,精矿含硫30%、鼓氧浓度70%,冰铜品位60%时,选择鼓风强度为700 Nm~3/m~2·h,熔炼速率为48.81 t/m~2·d.     

铜火法冶炼过程中铜和砷物质流分析

采用物质流分析方法对铜火法冶炼过程铜和砷的代谢进行分析,建立铜和砷的物质平衡表及物质流图。采用直接回收率、废物循环率和资源效率等指标评价流程代谢效率。结果表明,该流程铜资源效率为97.58%,在熔炼、吹炼和精炼单元过程铜的直接回收率分别为91.96%、97.13%和99.47%。同时,生产1 t金属铜有10 kg砷进入系统。其中,1.07 kg砷进入浮选尾矿,8.50 kg砷进入除砷废渣,0.05 kg砷进入生产废水。此外,分析生产过程中砷在熔炼、吹炼和精炼单元中的分配和转化行为,并在物质流分析基础上,提出提高铜资源效率及控制污染的建议。     

铜闪速吹炼过程杂质元素分配行为的热力学分析

利用已开发的铜闪速吹炼过程多相平衡热力学数学模型,计算某典型铜闪速吹炼生产工况,验证模型热力学分析的可行性,进而考察粗铜含硫(C_(SCu))、渣中钙铁比(R_(CaFe))、富氧浓度(C_O,体积分数)、吹炼温度(T)对杂质元素在吹炼产物中分配行为的影响。结果表明:提高C_(SCu)、T或降低R_(CaFe)、C_O将导致杂质在粗铜中分配率升高、而入渣率降低、有害杂质挥发率升高。在铜锍量和成分一定条件下,吹炼过程宜在"低粗铜含硫与吹炼温度"和"高渣中钙铁比与富氧浓度"条件下进行。综合考虑粗铜质量和渣含铜,C_(SCu)、R_(CaFe)和T建议分别控制在0.20%、0.4和1526 K左右,而C_O应根据制氧成本和炉内反应状况适当控制。     

基于FeO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣型的废旧铝壳锂离子电池还原熔炼回收有价金属（英文）

提出一种基于FeO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣型废旧铝壳锂离子电池还原熔炼回收有价金属的新工艺,该工艺仅采用铜渣作造渣剂。研究表明:在造渣剂用量为铝壳锂离子电池质量的4.0倍、熔炼温度1723 K、熔炼时间30 min条件下,钴、镍、铜的回收率最高,分别为98.83%、98.39%和93.57%;还原熔炼合理的渣型组成为m(FeO):m(SiO_2)=0.58:1~1.03:1,Al_2O_3含量为17.19%~21.52%;熔炼产出合金主要由Fe-Co-Cu-Ni固溶体相和冰铜相构成,产出炉渣的主要矿物成分为铁橄榄石和铁铝尖晶石,铜在渣中损失的主要机制是板条状铁橄榄石对冰铜和金属铜的机械夹杂。     

闪速熔炼在中国的进展与研究--冷风技术及"非接触冶金"

从环境保护角度阐述了世界铜、镍闪速熔炼的发展与现状,讨论了"冷风节能"及其工业应用技术.介绍了中国在"闪速炉扩产"、"闪速冶金事故监控"、"水套新材料"、"闪速炉连续炼铜"等方面的研究成果.为根本解决强化冶金对炉衬的腐蚀,提出了"非接触冶金"的思路,描述了中心旋涡柱闪速熔炼方法,并介绍了旋涡喷嘴基本设计及计算机仿真实验.     

Operation optimization of concentrate burner in copper flash smelting furnace

The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum op-eration, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.     

齿轮锻造模具及工艺优化的模拟式设计

齿轮锻造的经验设计方法难以进行锻造模具及工艺的最优化设计,造成了过多的废料和能量消耗。本文根据金属塑性成形理论基础上的上限元模拟技术,通过对齿轮锻造过程的模拟,实现了对齿轮锻造模具及工艺的优化设计,从而大大减少了飞边废料的体积和锻造能耗。     

Thermodynamic modeling of antimony removal from complex resources in copper smelting process

This work investigated the reaction mechanism of Sb in copper smelting process. The difference of multi-phase distribution of Sb in four typical copper smelting processes was analyzed. A multi-phase equilibrium model of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blow copper smelting process was developed. The impacts of Cu, S, and Sb concentrations in raw materials on Sb distribution in multiphases were researched. This model was also used to investigate the effect of process factors such as copper matte grade, oxygen-enriched concentration, smelting temperature, and oxygen/ore ratio (ratio of oxygen flow rate under standard conditions to concentrate charge rate) on Sb distribution behavior. The results showed that calculation data were in good agreement with the actual production results and literature data. Increasing the Cu content and decreasing the S and Sb contents in the concentrate, increasing the copper matte grade, oxygen/enriched concentration, and oxygen-ore ratio, and at the same time appropriately reducing the smelting temperature are conducive to the targeted enrichment of Sb into the slag. Modeling results can provide theoretical guidance for the clean and efficient treatment of complex resources and the comprehensive recycling of associated elements.     

Mathematical model of pyritic smelting process for copper-nickel mineral in oxygen top-blown furnace

1　INTRODUCTIONTheideaofrefiningcopperandnickelwithpyriticsmeltingprocessinoxygentop blownfurnacehascomeintobeingforitsachievementinoxygen converterofsteelmaking processfrom 196 0s.Thefirstpyriticsmeltingfurnacewithoxygentop blownsmeltingnickelhadbeenputintoproductionatNorthNickelCo .ofRussianin 1986 .Nowadays ,thistech nologyhasbeenimportedandemployedinJinchuanNonferrousMetalCo .ofChina .Inthepastdecades ,theutilizationofflashsmeltingfurnaceinnonferrous makinghasgotextensivedevelopmen…     

氧气底吹铜熔池熔炼过程的机理及产物的微观分析

对氧气底吹熔炼过程气体喷吹行为、造锍熔炼化学反应机理及熔炼炉内热工作状态进行理论分析及水模型实验和取样分析验证。结果表明,氧气底吹气流能使熔体形成均匀的扩散区,实现熔体的搅拌,在气体连续相区和液体连续相区,气液、液液之间的相互作用强烈,为炉内化学反应及传热传质提供了良好的动力学条件;氧气底吹熔炼过程在零配煤的情况下能达到自热熔炼,在节能减排方面,该工艺具有很强的优势;获得了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头中各组分的形貌,确定了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头的物相组成,渣样主要由冰铜相、磁铁矿相、铁橄榄石相和玻璃体相组成,熔炼内的氧势和硫势分布有利于反应的进行,能有效抑制Fe3O4的形成以及降低渣含铜。     

Influence Analysis of Air Flow Momentum on Concentrate Dispersion and Combustion in Copper Flash Smelting Furnace by CFD Simulation

The Outokumpu flash smelting process is a very successful technology for copper extraction from sulfide concentrate. Numerical simulation has been used for several decades in the analysis and evaluation of the smelting process. However, significant delay in the particle ignition was found in computations of flash furnaces that had great expansion in their productivity. A study was thereafter carried out to investigate how the gaseous flows influence the particle dispersion and combustion. A momentum ratio was defined to describe the effective portion of the pressure forces caused by the lateral and the vertical gaseous flows. Simulations were carried out with Fluent 6.3 (Fluent Inc. The software package is now known as Ansys Fluent of Ansys Inc.) for cases with different momentum ratios as well as of the same momentum value. A detailed analysis and discussion of influences of the gaseous momentum on the particle dispersion are presented. The result reveals that a large momentum ratio combined with large amount of distribution air is helpful for good particle dispersions and thus quicker combustions. Also the process air is found to perform a constraint influence on the particle dispersions, particularly for those of medium and small sizes.     

年产1.5万t铸件的水平脱箱造型线工艺设计

为满足铸件生产的需求,选择采用先进的水平脱箱造型线,依据铸件产能及其工艺要求,设计了造型、砂处理、熔炼及其他配套工部的工艺参数,制定了合理的工艺流程.生产线实际运行结果表明,造型线所用设备先进,故障率小,工艺参数设计合理,工艺流程顺畅;生产的铸件质量达到CT8级,表面粗糙度Ra12.5 ～ 25 μm,综合废品率≤1％.     

A Novel Self-Heated Roasting Technology for Molybdenum Concentrate

对钼精矿焙烧过程进行了热力学分析。结果表明,焙烧反应属于放热反应,反应一旦开始,在工业规模生产条件下完全可以自热进行。热分析实验表明,氧气浓度越高,越有利于钼精矿的转化率提高;物料粒度越小,越有利于焙烧反应完全程度的提高。对传统钼精矿焙烧回转窑的热平衡测试显示,煤作为外热源经燃烧后提供热量为4.42 GJ/t的烟气供入回转窑内,烟气中的氧浓度为10%。由于主反应区温度高,造成物料结块,阻碍了钼精矿的焙烧。本研究开发了钼精矿的自热焙烧新工艺,该工艺通过设置换热器回收主反应区放出的化学热,并将预热后的空气用于脱硫区的补热,提高了焙烧气的氧浓度。取消了传统回转窑的燃煤过程,整个焙烧过程仅靠6.45 GJ/t的化学反应热即可维持,没有含碳燃料的输入和CO2的排放,其节能环保效益显著。     

Thermodynamic modeling of lead blast furnace

A thermodynamic model was developed to predict the distribution behavior of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn,As, and the heat balance in a lead blast furnace. The modeling results are validated by the plant data of a lead smelter in Kazakhstan. The model can be used to predict any set of controllable process parameters such as feed composition, smelting temperature, degree of oxygen enrichment and volume of oxygen-enriched air. The effects of the blast air, industrial oxygen, and coke charge on the distribution of Cu, Fe, S, O, Ph, Zn, As, the heat balance, and the lead loss in slag, were presented and discussed.     

AM60B镁合金压铸模浇注系统的模拟与优化

设计出2种类型的镁合金压铸浇口及浇注系统,运用模拟软件对2种浇注系统进行模拟,分析液态金属充型及凝固过程中流场和温度场的分布。根据凝固规律有效预测铸件中可能存在的缩孔及气孔缺陷的分布,优化浇注系统结构。结果表明:在浇注温度690℃、模具初始温度200℃、冲头压射速度3m/s条件下,压铸件质量较好。