Ti-6Al-4V基体激光植入ZrO_2颗粒工艺过程数值分析（英文）

为了提高Ti-6Al-4V合金零部件的表面强度及耐热性能,在利用激光熔化后的Ti-6Al-4V材料表面上植入ZrO_2陶瓷颗粒。基于CFD计算方法建立了三维瞬态激光植入工艺过程数值分析模型并对部分实验结果进行了验证。该模型根据等效热效应对移动激光热源进行计算,利用VOF方法追踪流体的自由表面。考虑浮力、惯性力、粘性阻力对颗粒运动的影响分析了颗粒在熔池内的运动过程,对比分析了是否添加颗粒2种工况下熔池内的温度场与流场分布。结果表明,颗粒的进入使得熔池内温度场与流场重新分布,流体的流动和熔池的凝固使颗粒分布于不同位置。通过对每100μm深度上熔池不同位置处的颗粒数进行统计发现,熔池中颗粒数从表面到底部先增加后减小。随着激光扫描速率的增加,颗粒最密集位置越来越靠近熔池表面。     

超音速激光沉积Ti-6Al-4V合金结合界面特征数值模拟及试验验证

目的探究超音速激光沉积(SLD)过程中激光辐照温度和颗粒撞击速度对Ti-6Al-4V合金结合界面特征的影响规律,并通过试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。方法基于Johnson-cook材料模型,利用ABAQUS2017软件并采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合CEL(CoupledEuler-Lagrange)计算模型和Lagrange计算模型,进行Ti-6Al-4V单颗粒和多颗粒的撞击行为数值模拟,并结合超音速激光沉积试验验证模拟结果。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和光镜(OM)对涂层的界面结合特征进行观察和分析。结果单颗粒撞击温度场模拟结果表明,当激光辐照温度为1073K时,随着撞击速度的增加,颗粒界面结合温度不断升高。当撞击速度为800m/s和900 m/s时,颗粒与基体局部最高温度分别为1876.7 K和1874.8 K,界面发生微熔。800 m/s时,颗粒压缩率为34.3%,扁平率为1.27,有效塑性应变为2.6,基体的凹坑深度为7.88μm,该参数下的超音速激光沉积涂层界面结合良好。多颗粒撞击温度场模拟结果表明,当撞击速度为800 m/s时,随着激光辐照温度的升高,孔隙逐渐减少。激光辐照温度为1073 K时,颗粒撞击界面的温度高达3463.7 K,但颗粒内部的温度还未达到熔点并保留在1073～1676.8 K。随着激光功率的升高,钛合金涂层的孔隙率降低为0.67%(SLD 700W),约为同条件下CS涂层孔隙率(8.31%)的1/12。结论激光辐照的热能使颗粒与基体以及颗粒间界面处的温度达到了材料熔点,实现颗粒表面微熔形成冶金结合。冷喷涂Ti-6Al-4V涂层中,颗粒与基体以及颗粒间均存在明显的孔隙,超音速激光沉积Ti-6Al-4V涂层颗粒与基体以及颗粒间的界面结合良好,试验结果与数值模拟结果大致吻合。     

激光熔注法制备WC_p/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料层

以单晶WC陶瓷粉末(WC particles-WCp)作为增强颗粒,采用激光熔注技术在Ti-6Al-4V表面制备了WCp/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料层.在对梯度复合材料层宏观特征和形成机制分析的基础上,采用XRD和SEM对复合材料层的微观组织结构进行了分析.结果表明,WC颗粒在复合材料层中分布比较均匀,而且在深度方向上梯度分布.复合材料层中形成了新相TiC和W2C.TjC的数量和尺寸在复合材料层不同区域存在较大差异.在复合材料层上部,Tic的数量较多而且尺寸较大;在复合材料层下部,TiC的数量和尺寸均明显减少.WC/Ti界面反应层由W2C和TiC两层组成,WC颗粒注入位置对反应层尺寸有很大影响,WC颗粒从熔池后部"拖尾"注入可以有效减小反应层尺寸.     

焊接热过程和冶金过程

20092041GMAW三维瞬态焊接热过程的数值模拟/赵明…//焊接.-2008(10):28~31采用双椭球体热源分布模式,把过热熔滴带入熔池的热焓量处理为特定区域的均匀热源,建立了运动电弧下GMAW焊接热过程的数值分析模型。利用Visual Fortran编写数值计算程序,预测了从电弧引燃到准稳态过程中焊接温度场和熔池形状的动态演变,以及熔池自由表面的变形,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,达到宏观准稳态时,计算所得熔池宽度和深度与试验结果基本吻合。图3参720092042细晶粒钛合金热影响区晶粒长大规律/吴巍…//焊接学报.-2008,29(10):57~60,64细晶粒钛合金经历焊接热循环后,热影响区粗晶区晶粒具有严重的长大倾向。针对TIG焊接过程,研究了显微组织为等轴状结构的细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒长大规律,分析了晶粒粗化对粗晶区组织转变和接头硬度的影响。结果表明,母材晶粒细化引起的冷却过程中β相变点变化,导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒与普通Ti-6Al-4V合金相比具有更小的长大倾向;马氏体形核率的降低导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区α′马氏体束在生长过程具有更强的位相性...     

焊接热过程和冶金过程

20092041GMAW三维瞬态焊接热过程的数值模拟/赵明…//焊接.-2008(10):28~31采用双椭球体热源分布模式,把过热熔滴带入熔池的热焓量处理为特定区域的均匀热源,建立了运动电弧下GMAW焊接热过程的数值分析模型。利用Visual Fortran编写数值计算程序,预测了从电弧引燃到准稳态过程中焊接温度场和熔池形状的动态演变,以及熔池自由表面的变形,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,达到宏观准稳态时,计算所得熔池宽度和深度与试验结果基本吻合。图3参720092042细晶粒钛合金热影响区晶粒长大规律/吴巍…//焊接学报.-2008,29(10):57~60,64细晶粒钛合金经历焊接热循环后,热影响区粗晶区晶粒具有严重的长大倾向。针对TIG焊接过程,研究了显微组织为等轴状结构的细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒长大规律,分析了晶粒粗化对粗晶区组织转变和接头硬度的影响。结果表明,母材晶粒细化引起的冷却过程中β相变点变化,导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒与普通Ti-6Al-4V合金相比具有更小的长大倾向;马氏体形核率的降低导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区α′马氏体束在生长过程具有更强的位相性...     

混合元素法激光立体成形Ti-6Al-4V的组织及性能研究

以Ti、Al、V混合元素粉末为原料激光沉积Ti-6Al-4V,并对沉积态试样的组织演化及力学性能进行研究.结果表明,与采用预合金Ti-6Al-4V粉末为原料所获得的沉积试样的凝固组织特征有所不同,采用混合元素粉末为原料获得的沉积试样的凝固组织随激光功率的提高逐渐由等轴晶转化为柱状晶,熔池内合金化过程所产生的混合热的扰动作用是导致低功率条件下等轴晶形成的原因.原始β晶粒内的微观组织由大量的魏氏α板条和一定体积分数的板条间β相组成.这与采用预合金粉末基本相同.混合元素法激光立体成形Ti-6Al-4V的氧含量仅约0.1wt.%,沉积态Ti-6Al-4V的室温拉伸性能超过锻件标准要求.     

TI-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接有限元分析

采用有限元方法模拟分析了厚6 mm的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接过程,计算研究了瞬态温度场的分布特点、规律及特征点的温度变化历程,在准确计算焊接温度场的基础上通过热-应力顺序耦合,模拟计算了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接头的应力场的分布特征.结果表明:模拟计算的焊缝形貌与实际焊接试验所得基本吻合,焊接温度场整...     

单晶颗粒增强WCp/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料层微观断裂行为

采用激光熔注技术在Ti-6Al-4V表面制备了单晶颗粒增强的WCp/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料层。利用扫描电镜原位拉伸试验,观察复合材料层裂纹形成、扩展的动态过程,研究其微观断裂行为。结果表明,WCp/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料层的失效机制主要有两种：WC颗粒开裂和WCp/Ti界面开裂。WC颗粒开裂是主要失效形式,WCp/Ti界面开裂的比例相对较少,而且主要发生在较高的应变情况下。激光熔注条件下形成的规则胞状反应层有利于应力由基体传向增强颗粒。在拉伸过程中,WC颗粒内部应力由最初的压应力逐渐变为拉应力。WC颗粒内部拉应力的极大值可达2000 MPa,高于单晶WC陶瓷的抗拉强度     

激光表面合金化制备TiC/TiAl复合涂层组织及TiC演变机制

以Al+TiC混合粉末为原材料,采用激光表面合金化技术,在Ti-6Al-4V基材表面制备了TiC/Ti Al金属间化合物基复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对涂层的相组成和显微组织结构进行分析,通过热力学分析计算,探讨了TiC的演变机制。结果表明:涂层主要组成相为Ti Al和TiC,TiC在合金熔池中的溶解以C原子的扩散作为驱动,受激光表面合金化过程中熔池非平衡快速凝固的影响,C原子大范围扩散受阻,导致TiC的溶解能力降低,未溶TiC颗粒以嵌入的形式分布于涂层基材上。     

半导体激光热输入对渗氮层结构和性能的影响

目的 提高Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的表面硬度和耐磨性,解决失效问题。方法 利用半导体激光器在纯氮气氛下对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面进行激光渗氮处理,研究激光功率和扫描速度耦合作用下不同热输入对渗氮层质量的影响。分别采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪,对渗氮层的物相组成、截面微观组织以及元素分布进行表征,采用显微维氏硬度仪测量渗氮层截面硬度分布。结果 不同热输入下Ti-6Al-4V钛合金氮化区域均生成TiN相,且含量随热输入的增大而增加,渗氮层厚度随热输入的增大呈近似直线增长。渗氮层组织由表及里依次由连续的TiN薄层、柱状晶、树枝晶和针状晶组成,使渗氮层内硬度随层厚的增加呈下降趋势,随热输入的增大,树枝晶中粗枝晶的数量增加,渗氮层硬度也随之增加。然而当热输入较高（320 J/mm）时,渗氮层内产生大量的裂纹。结论 利用激光气体氮化技术,控制热输入为210~275 J/mm时,在Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面制备渗氮层,其表面成形良好、无裂纹,厚度约为413~517 μm,近表层硬度较基材提高2.5倍以上。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.