电极感应熔化气雾化粉末特性及液滴尺寸影响因素的研究

对电极感应熔化气雾化(electrode induction melting gas atomization,EIGA)工艺制备的镍基高温合金粉末的物理特性,凝固组织以及内部元素分布进行研究;理论分析了EIGA制粉一次雾化过程中液滴尺寸的影响因素;根据对流换热原理计算了该工艺中不同尺寸粉末的冷却速率。结果表明:EIGA粉末以近球形为主,霍尔流速为13.4 s/50 g,D90=121.5μm。粉末表面和内部凝固组织显示,随着粉末尺寸的增大,组织均由微晶向胞状晶和树枝晶转变。同时颗粒表面组织之间的间隙不断加深,粉末光滑度下降。在雾化气压为4 MPa条件下,粉末尺寸与冷却速率的关系为:■。粉末内部没有明显的成分偏析现象,但晶轴和晶间的元素分布略有差别。晶轴上Ni、Al、Co、C元素含量较晶间高,晶间的Ti、Mo、Cr、Nb元素含量更高。     

雾化气体和冷却速率对镍基合金粉末凝固特性的影响（英文）

分别采用氩气和氮气作为雾化介质,制备得到镍基合金粉末。利用扫描电镜分析2种气体雾化的粉末表面形貌及凝固组织特征。基于牛顿冷却模型,对雾化粉末冷却速度和飞行速度进行数值计算。结果表明:冷却速率决定了凝固微观组织形貌。在较低的冷却速率下,2种气体雾化粉末均呈现发达的枝晶组织,而随着冷却速率的增大,氩气雾化粉末呈现欠发达的枝晶和胞晶混合组织。而氮气雾化粉末仅呈现胞晶组织。不同粒径氩气雾化粉末冷却速率在1.0×10~5~4.24×10~6 K·s~(-1),氮气雾化粉末在1.0×10~5~4.8×10~6 K·s~(-1)。冷却速率随粉末直径增加而减小。在快速凝固过程中,Cr,Co,W,Ni和Al等元素仍沿晶轴偏析,而Ti元素沿晶间偏析。     

等离子旋转电极雾化FGH95高温合金粉末颗粒凝固组织特征

对等离子旋转电极雾化(PREP)FGH95高温合金粉末颗粒凝固组织特征进行研究,并用数值分析方法计算了FGH95合金粉末凝固过程中冷却速率与粉末粒度之间的关系,结果表明:粉末颗粒表面凝固组织主要是树枝晶和胞状长大晶,随着粉末颗粒尺寸的减小,内部凝固组织由树枝晶为主逐渐转变为以胞状晶及微晶组织为主,冷却速率与粉末粒度之间的关系为T=2.267×109d-1.649,由此得出FGH95合金二次枝晶臂距与冷却速率之间的关系为S=36.2T-0.24.     

不同冷却速率对GH4151高温合金定向凝固组织及元素偏析的影响

为了进一步降低合金凝固偏析程度和优化真空自耗冶炼(VAR)工艺,利用液态金属冷却法(LMC)对GH4151合金进行定向凝固实验,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及电子探针等研究了冷却速率对GH4151合金定向凝固组织及元素偏析的影响。结果表明：随着冷却速率的增加,一次枝晶间距λ₁及二次枝晶间距λ₂均逐渐减小,两者与冷却速率间满足相似的函数关系。而且,枝晶干及枝晶间γ′相尺寸也随冷却速率的增加逐渐减小,组织均匀性提高。对凝固组织元素成分分布的电子探针分析表明：GH4151合金主要偏析元素为W、Nb、Ti,偏离程度在20%以上,且3种元素显微偏析程度均随冷却速率的增加而加重,原因在于随着冷却速率增加,凝固前沿固相层可供溶质扩散的时间减少,扩散效果减弱。     

球形TC4粉末的气雾化制备、表征及间隙元素控制

利用水冷铜坩埚熔炼、高纯氩气雾化技术制备出高品质球形TC4合金粉末。将石墨导流管的内壁用Y_2O_3与无水乙醇配比的涂料进行涂覆,分析其对雾化粉末间隙元素的影响,总结气雾化粉末的间隙元素来源及控制建议,并对不同粒度粉末的显微组织进行表征。结果表明:石墨导流管内壁在无涂层的情况下,雾化粉末的碳含量较大;而导流管内壁的Y_2O_3涂层能有效降低碳对钛合金污染的风险;粉末间隙元素含量随着粒径的减小而增大;粒径较大粉末的表面为胞状晶组织,而小尺寸粉末表面光滑且无明显结晶组织;由于快速凝固的原因,粒径较大粉末的内部主要由α相胞晶和针状马氏体α′相组成,小粒径粉末的内部组织明显细化,全部为蜂窝状的胞状晶组织。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化银合金熔滴的传热与冷却

对超音速电弧喷射雾化Ag-Cu共晶型和Ag-Ni、Ag-Fe偏晶型合金雾化熔滴的传热与冷却进行了分析.考虑到熔滴冷却过程中, 表面热传导存在上限, 内部存在一定热阻, 熔滴冷却应为近似牛顿冷却方式, 在前人工作基础上, 对牛顿冷却方式的换热系数和冷却速率的表达公式进行了经验修正, 并用其它冷却速率测量方法进行了验证;计算了Ag合金雾化熔滴的换热系数和冷却速率, 结果显示, 超音速电弧喷射雾化快速凝固Ag合金粉末的冷却速率达到105～7K/s, 表明超音速电弧喷射雾化工艺的冷却速率比常规气雾化法高得多, 是制备高性能快速凝固合金粉末的新方法.     

雾化气体和冷却速度对镍基合金粉末凝固特性的影响

镍基合金粉通过氩气雾化和氮气雾化制得。利用扫描电镜及其借助EDS能谱仪研究了雾化粉末的凝固微观结构特性。基于牛顿冷却模型,计算了雾化融滴的冷却速度和飞行速度。计算结果表明,雾化介质和融滴尺寸对冷却速度有影响,冷却速度也影响粉末的微观结构。对于氩气雾化粉,发达的枝晶结构在较低的冷速下获得;在较高的冷却速度下,得到混合的微观结构（枝晶和包晶）。对于氮气雾化粉,较低的冷速下得到枝晶;在较高的冷速下得到包晶。通过理论计算,氩气雾化粉末的冷却速度是10000K/s到424000 K/s,氮气雾化粉的冷却速度是10000K/s到480000 K/s。随着融滴尺寸的减小,两种雾化粉末的冷却速度则逐渐增加。元素Cr, Co, W, Ni 和 Al主要集中于晶轴,然而Ti主要集中于枝晶区域。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化制备的非互溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末的凝固特征

采用超音速电弧喷射气雾化制粉设备制备了难固溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末。研究了粉末粒度分布、形貌及凝固组特征，并对雾化熔滴的冷却速率及过冷度、凝固组织的凝固次序、形成机制进行了分析。结果表明：粉末分散性好、粒度主要集中在20pm～45μm、平均粒度32μm、形貌主要为球形和近球形；粉末颗粒凝固组织为富Ag基体＋弥散分布于基体中的细Ni相＋位于芯部的大直径初晶富Ni相，在大直径初晶富Ni相中弥散分布析出Ag相；富Ag基体的凝固组织为树枝晶组织，小颗粒粉末（〈20μm）枝晶间距小于0．2μm。     

冷却速度对气雾化非平衡Al-27%Si合金粉末组织形貌特征的影响

采用快速凝固气体雾化技术制备Al-27%Si合金粉末,利用对流传热原理计算合金粉末的冷却速度,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析不同粒度合金粉末的形貌。结果表明:快速凝固气体雾化的冷却速度介于103~106 K/s之间,对合金粉末形貌组织有较大影响。该合金粉末中细小初晶Si相和共晶Si相均匀弥散分布在α-Al基体中,且Si颗粒尺寸随粉末尺寸减小而减小。通过测定合金粉末二次枝晶间距,结合冷却速度与二次枝晶间距之间的经验公式,能较好地预测实验结果。     

冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织的影响

通过改变凝固过程中的冷却速率,研究了冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织与成分微观偏析的影响.随冷却速率提高,合金组织明显细化,初生相形貌由粗大等轴枝晶逐渐向细小树枝晶转变,合金凝固过程中形核率增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;冷却速率的提高可以降低溶质元素的扩散速率,从而增加合金元素在枝晶干中的固溶度,减轻凝固过程中合金元素Gd与Y的微观偏析,同时使凝固过程中形成的共晶减少,共晶组织分布更加弥散、均匀.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.