Chemical behaviors of different arsenic-bearing sulphides bio-oxidated by thermophilic bacteria

1INTRODUCTION Arsenic bearinggoldoreiswidelydistributedinprovincesofYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Guan gxi,Guangdong,Hunan,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Jilin,Hebei,Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Xinjiang,etc.Withtheprocessdevelopmentofbacteriummetal lurgy[1,2],suchgoldoreresourcemaybereasona blyutilized,however,arsenicintheseoresishigh lytoxictotheleachingbacteriaandbecomesthe researchfocus.Arsenicisacomplexandvitalele mentofarsenic bearingmineralswiththeelectronconfigurationof4s34p3[3].WhenAslosesthree electro…     

修补用镀笔

美国Selectrons公司生产一种电镀笔,其工作原理如图所示.被镀物接直流电源负极,镀笔阳极与电源正极相连,阳极上缠有吸收棉,把所需金属镀液加入其中,接通电源就可进行电镀.电镀时阴极或阳极要进行直线往返运动或转动,不需要镀槽.金属镀液可以是Bi, Cd,Cr,Co,Cu、Fe,Pb,Ni,Sn,Zn,Au,In,Pd,Ru,Ag,Ni-W,Ni-Co,     

临床试验机构研究者标准操作规程

依据SFDA《药品临床试验管理规范》,ICH GCP,WHO GCP,以及我院临床试验的实践,制订临床试验机构研究者的标准操作规程,包括研究者资格与条件,试验前的准备,受试者的招募和筛选,受试者的知情同意,方案的依从性,受试者的医疗,随机化程序和破盲,安全性报告,源文件和源数据,病例报告表,试验用药的管理,试验的终止或暂停,进展报告和总结报告,档案等。     

依靠科技创新全面提升竞争力——记本刊理事、晋阳碳素股份有限公司总经理段学良

段学良,男,1965年生,山西省灵石县城关常青人,中共党员,大学文化,高级工程师,历任晋阳电碳厂化验室主任,质检科长,基建部长,生产部长,生产副厂长。1994年3月28日至1999年11月为晋阳碳素股份有限公司副董事长,副总经理。现任山西省晋阳碳素股份有限公司副董事长、总经理,山西省政协委员,山西省工商联合会执行员,晋中市工商联合会常委,第八届山西青联委员,省青年企业家协会会员,中国碳素行业协会理事,武汉科技大学碳素科技编辑部编委会委员。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg based alloys containing minor scandium and zirconium

1　INTRODUCTIONAddingofminorMn ,Cr ,Ti,B ,Zr ,Sc ,Agintoaluminumalloyscanremarkablychangethemi crostructuresandpropertiesofaluminumalloys[18] .Amongthem ,theeffectofminorScandZrhasre ceivedspecialattention .Onthe 1stInternationalScandiumConferenceheldinMoscowin 1994 ,Rus sianmetallurgistsdescribedtheapplicationprospectofaluminumalloyscontainingScinaerospace ,aviation ,warshipsandnuclearindustry ,whichhasstimulatedmanyindustrialcountries’researchinterestinthiskindofalloys .Atpresent…     

Influence of Ca addition on valence electron structure of Mg_(17)Al_(12)

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumalloyshaveemergedaspotentiallygoodcandidatesfornumerousapplications ,especiallyinautomotive ,aerospaceandelectronicindustry .Theirgoodproperties ,suchaslowdensity ,highspe cificstrengthandgooddampingcapacity ,makethemthepromisingreplacementsforotherstructuralmate rials,forinstance ,steel,castiron ,andevenalu minum[1,2 ] .Thewidelyusedmagnesiumalloysbe longtoMg Al Zn (AZ)series ,suchasAZ91(Mg 9Al 1Zn) ,whichhaveexcellentcastability ,goodroomtemperaturemechanicalp…     

Numerical simulation of two-stage deep drawing of complex-shaped parts

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears ,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputersoftwareandhardware ,andtheintersectionandcombinationofcomputertechnology ,graphics ,mechanicsandprocessengineering ,thecomputeraid edengineering(CAE)technologybasedonnumericalsimulationhasbeenwidelyappliedinthesheetmetalformingfield[1,2 ] .Nevertheless ,untilnow ,thenu mericalsimulationisconfinedtosimulatesomebasicmodesofdeformationsuchasbending ,deepdraw ing ,bulgingandflanging .Forthedeformationofcomplexwork pieces ,forexa…     

SLD模具钢

正高耐磨性冷作模具钢,淬透性佳,热处理变形小,宜制作重负荷冷冲压模或热作修整模,易于加工。易于车削,并宜制造锋利刀口,剪刀,圆锯,五金冲压模具,成型轧辊,滚筒边,螺丝纹,线模,铣刀,冲啷模,圆型滚筒,电力变压器心冲模,切割钢皮轧刀,钢管成型滚筒,特殊成型滚筒,精密规,形状繁杂之冷压工具,冶金,锡     

宇宙来客——陨铁

治平元年,常州日禺时,天有大声如雷,乃一大星如月,见于东南;少时而又震一声,移著西南;又一震而坠,在宜兴县民许氏园中。远近皆见,火光赫然连天,许氏藩篱皆为所焚。 是时火熄,视地中只有一窍如杯大,极深,下视之,星在其中荧荧然,良久渐暗,尚热不可近。又久之,发其窍,深三尺余,乃得一圆石,犹热,其大如拳,一头微锐,色如铁,重亦如之。 州守郑伸得之,送润州金山寺,至今匣藏,游人到即发现。王无咎为之传甚详。     

可可托海:一个历史的仰角

正北疆明珠可可托海很美,山,水,湖,树,桥……让人情迷,让人留恋,然而,这一切美景,远远不如那种红色基因让人心潮澎湃,这里的每一寸土地,都承载着感人的故事,都刻画着奋斗的史诗,对于可可托海,我们每一个人都应该抬头仰望。可可托海镇位于新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区富蕴县。从乌鲁木齐市飞往富蕴县城,再     

Effects of pulse current on properties of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

Effects of pulse current on properties of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating were studied. The results show that hardness of the pulse current electrodeposited composite coatings is higher than that of the direct current electrodeposited composite coatings while other parameters are the same. Otherwise, the deposited velocity is higher, and wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the pulse current electrodeposited composite coatings are also improved when the average current density is 10 A/dm2 , pulse frequency is 800 Hz and duty ratio is 1: 5. The hardness of the coating as-deposited is HV500 - 700, and it reaches HV1300 after heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 1 h.     

不同粒径的Ni-W-P/Al_2O_3复合镀层耐磨性能研究

用化学镀的方法制备了几种不同粒径的Ni_W_P/Al2O3复合镀层,研究了热处理温度对镀层硬度和磨损性能的影响,并将含有50 nm、500 nm、1~3μmAl2O3粒径的复合镀层进行了性能对比。结果表明:含有50 nmAl2O3粒径的复合镀层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性,经400℃处理后的镀层耐磨性最好。     

PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED AMORPHOUS Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

ＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＥＤＡＭＯＲＰＨＯＵＳＮｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＣＯＡＴＩＮＧＳＧＵＯＺｈｏｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ;ＬＩＵＨｏｎｇｋａｎｇ;ＷＡＮＧＺｈｉｙｉｎ;ＷＡＮＧＭｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｔａ...     

CATHODIC PROCESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF ELECTRO-DEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATING

Cathodic deposition current density of the composite coatings increases when SiC par-ticles and rare earth (RE) were added in the bath, which is profitable for Ni- W-P alloy to deposit in the cathod, forming Ni-W-P-SiC and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings. On the contrary, the addition of PTFE in the bath decreases cathodic deposition current density of the coatings. The current density increases a little when the amount of RE isγ-9g/l; however, the current density increases greatly when the amount of RE is increased to 11-13g/l. But if the amount of RE is raised further, the current density decreases. Hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating have been studied, and the results show that the hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating increase with increasing heat treatment tempera-ture, which reach peak values at 400℃; while the hardness and wear resistance of the coating decrease with the rise of heat treated temperature continuously.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance Evolution of HVOFSprayed WC-（W,Cr）2C-Ni Coating with Post Heat Treatment In Air Atmosphere

WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and C-276 Ni-base Hastelloy by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.The effect of post heat treatment in air atmosphere on the microstructure,phase composition,microhardness,fracture toughness,and wear resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was investigated.The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness and fracture toughness of the coatings were measured using a microhardness tester and a Vickers hardness tester.Moreover,dry friction and wear behavior of the coatings sliding against Si3N4 ball was investigated using an oscillating friction and wear tester;and the worn surfaces of the coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that heat treatment within 500-800°C resulted in crystallization of amorphous phase in as-sprayed coating,generating nanoscale new phases such as NiWO4,CrWO4 and Cr2WO6.Besides,heat treatment led to increase of the microhardness of as-sprayed coating,and the highest microhardness was obtained after heat treatment at 800°C.The fracture toughness and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coating increased with increasing heat treatment temperature up to 700°C but tended to decrease with further elevating temperature.In other words,the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coatings were worsened owing to excessive growth of oxidation grains and depletion of ductile Ni binder after heat treatment above 700°C.Thus it was suggested that as-sprayed ceramic composite coating should be post heat treated in air at a moderate temperature of 700°C so as to achieve the optimized mechanical properties and wear resistance.     

氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)对MPS700A钢组织与性能的影响

采用氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)技术对耐蚀耐热不锈钢MPS700A钢进行表面改性,分别进行(450～500) ℃×5 h和(550～570) ℃×3 h盐浴氮碳共渗试验,氧化处理工艺均为400 ℃×30 min。对QPQ处理后试样渗层的表面形貌、表面硬度、脆性及其耐磨性进行了分析。结果表明:渗层主要由氧化膜层、疏松层、化合物层和扩散层构成,QPQ处理后试样的硬度明显提高,相对低温段490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗试样的硬度最高,相对高温段550 ℃处理的试样硬度最高,分别为1295、1344 HV0.1,分别是基体硬度的3.75和3.90倍。QPQ处理试样的渗层组织细小,均匀致密,脆性低,耐磨性好,比祼钢具有较好的高温摩擦磨损性能,尤其在500 ℃以上性能更加优异。且与550 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样相比,490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样具有更低的脆性,更好的高温摩擦磨损性能。     

Ni/Al2O3复合镀层中Al2O3微粒尺寸及热处理对镀层性能的影响

目的强化Ni基镀层并确定Al_2O_3尺寸对复合镀层性能的影响。方法在以硬度为评价标准的最佳工艺条件下,制备了三种尺寸的Al2O3(微米级、50 nm、30 nm)复合镀层,研究分析了不同尺寸Al_2O_3复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、耐磨、耐蚀等性能。结果纳米复合镀层的表面形貌比微米复合镀层更光滑、平整、致密,晶粒更细小。Al_2O_3微粒尺寸越小,镀层越致密。纳米复合镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性能、耐蚀性能、抗高温氧化等性能均优于微米复合镀层及纯Ni镀层。热处理后的纳米复合镀层表面更加平整致密,热处理能显著提高镀层的显微硬度。50 nm复合镀层在保温温度为400℃时达显微硬度最大值461HV,30 nm复合镀层在保温温度为500℃时达显微硬度最大值496HV。热处理对纳米复合镀层的耐磨性能改善不明显。结论 Al_2O_3的尺寸越小,复合镀层的性能越好。     

Ni/P金刚石化学复合镀层性能与组织研究

本文研究了金刚石含量、热处理温度、表面活性剂种类等因素对Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层的显微硬度与耐磨性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对复合镀层的表面形貌及组织结构进行了分析。结果表明:在化学镀层中共沉积金刚石微粉能显著提高镀层的耐磨性;各工艺因素对复合镀层显微硬度与耐磨性的影响程度各不相同,热处理温度对复合镀层耐磨性能的影响最大;当镀液中金刚石微粉含量为2 g/L、热处理温度400℃、表面活性剂为SHP其含量为1∶15时,复合镀层的耐磨性能最好。与Ni-P化学镀层相比,金刚石复合镀层的耐磨性提高50%。     

热处理温度对AZ91D合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

目的提高镁合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。方法采用加入SiC微粒的Ni-P化学镀溶液,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,并在不同温度下进行热处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度测试、电化学腐蚀测试和摩擦磨损实验等方法分析和评价镀层的组织构成、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果 Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经320℃热处理后,组织结构由非晶向晶体转变,并伴随有Ni3P相的析出。此温度下热处理的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层:显微硬度最高,可达1120HV,为未热处理时显微硬度(620HV)的1.81倍;自腐蚀电位为–0.697 V,较未热处理样品的(–0.727 V)有所提高;腐蚀电流密度基本最小,为0.984μA/cm~(–2);磨损体积最小,为0.324×10~(–3) mm~3。340℃热处理的复合镀层则磨损体积最大,为1.43×10~(–3) mm~3。结论在AZ91D镁合金表面制备的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经过320℃热处理保温1 h后,复合镀层的硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能均有所提高。     

Comparison of molybdenizing and NiCrA1Y coating on Ti and Ti-6A1-4V

Two surface treatments, molybdenizing and depositing NiCrAIY coating, were applied to improve the microhardness and the oxidation re-sistance of titanium and Ti-6Al-4V. Coupons were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Vickers hardness and isothermal oxidation tests were carded out to evaluate the effects of these two surface treatments on the microhardness and oxidation resistance of the substrates. The post vacuum heat treatment of the NiCrAlY coating and the molybdenizing parameters were also discussed. It is found that molybdenizing can obviously in-crease the surface hardness of titanium due to the formation of β,α", and α' phases in the diffusion layer. As γ' phase is formed after vacuum heat treatment, the NiCrAIY coating is effective in improving the surface hardness of Ti-6Al-4V. The NiCrAlY coating can obviously de-crease the oxidation rate of Ti-6Al-4V at 700-900℃, which can be attributed to the formation of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 mixed scale during the oxidation.